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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
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Analysis of phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity from the fractions of Luvunga sarmentosa root extract using LCMS/MS SYARPIN SYARPIN; SILVANI PERMATASARI; DWI ARI PUJIANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240208

Abstract

Abstract. Syarpin, Permatasari S, Pujianto DA. 2023. Analysis of phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity from the fractions of Luvunga sarmentosa root extract using LCMS/MS. Biodiversitas 24: 733-740. Luvunga sarmentosa, one of the native plants of Central Kalimantan, has been used by Dayak people, especially its root, to increase sexual activity, cure sexual dysfunction and increase male fertility. Dayak people boil the stems and roots of L. sarmentosa and drink the extract. However, studies on L. sarmentosa are still limited to phytochemical content and bioactivity screening of the root extract of L. sarmentosa. This research aimed to determine the phytochemical content and antiradical activities of L. sarmentosa root fractions. Fractions were obtained using solvents with different polarities. The sample was extracted by maceration using ethanol, and the extract was fractionated by column chromatography using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The chemical content of each fraction was identified using LCMS/MS. The antiradical activity was performed against DPPH using a UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The LCMS/MS analysis results indicated that each fraction contained different percentages of compounds, such as alkaloids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, stilbenes, flavonoids, tannins, fatty acids, and steroids. Ostruthin was a compound detected in all fractions with a retention time of 20,917 minutes and was considered a marker compound from the roots of L. sarmentosa. The antiradical activity assay showed that the methanol fraction had the best activity with an IC50 value of 83.42 ppm. The IC50 data shows that increasing the percentage of alkaloid compounds increased their antioxidant activity.
Coelomocyte activity and pathogenicity description of nypa palm worm (Namalycastis rhodochorde) after injection with Aeromonas sp. NrBF9 isolated from fecal pellets of nypa palm worm Ari Hepi Yanti; ‪Rikhsan Kurniatuhadi; Tri Rima Setyawati; R Ramadani
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 10 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231055

Abstract

Abstract. Yanti AH, Kurniatuhadi R, Setyawati TR, Ramadani R. 2022. Coelomocyte activity and pathogenicity description of nypa palm worm (Namalycastis rhodochorde) after injection with Aeromonas sp. NrBF9 isolated from fecal pellets of nypa palm worm. Biodiversitas 23: 5439-5445. Coelomocytes in the Annelida group play a role in the immune system by recognizing and destroying foreign objects that enter the body. A study of the character and type of nypa palm worm coelomocytes (Polychaetes) can provide an overview of nypa palm worm resistance to pathogenic microorganisms. Thus researchers can determine the resistance of worms during cultivation based on developmental stages. This study aimed to determine the total and differential coelomocytes of nypa palm worms induced by Aeromonas sp. NrBF9, and to describe the pathogenicity of Aeromonas sp. NrBF9 against palm worms. Observation of the total number of coelomocytes, differential coelomocytes, and character of coelomocytes was carried out after injecting pathogenic bacteria directly into the body of the nypa palm worm. The bacterial test suspension was divided into three treatments, namely P1 (2.7×107 cells/mL of Aeromonas sp. NrBF9), P2 (3.2×105 cells/mL of Aeromonas sp. NrBF9), and P3 (3.4 × 103 cells/mL of Aeromonas sp. NrBF9). Non-induced worms were used as controls. The treated worms were then incubated for 72 hours. The total number of coelomocytes was calculated using the cubicle count method, whereas differential coelomocytes using the smear method. The pathogenicity of the nypa palm worms was described descriptively by determining the morphology of the nypa palm worms after 72 hours of bacterial injection. The results showed an increase in the total number of coelomocytes of nypa palm worms in all injection treatments with Aeromonas sp. NrBF9. The highest total coelomocyte count was obtained in treatment P1(10-3) of 70.58 x 103 cells/mm3. The number of differential coelomocytes also increased, especially in type II and IV-amoebocyte cells. The description of disease resistance and symptoms of nypa palm worms after being induced by Aeromonas sp. NrBF9 in the form of sores and discoloration of the internodes near the injection site became white and healed on the third day. The description of the type and character of coelomocytes and the resistance of nypa palm worms to pathogens are expected to be the basis for understanding worm cultivation activities in the future.
Morphological description and life history of the Philippine endemic Limnonectes leytensis Leyte swamp frog in Rogongon, Iligan City, Philippines Andrie Bon Alix Flores; Arvin Cantor Diesmos; Olga Macas Nuneza
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240117

Abstract

Abstract. Flores ABA, Diesmos AC, Nu?eza OM. 2022. Morphological description and life history of the Philippine endemic Limnonectes leytensis Leyte swamp frog in Rogongon, Iligan City, Philippines. Biodiversitas 23: 133-139. The Philippine endemic Limnonectes leytensis (Leyte Swamp Frog) is a widespread species, however, most studies concerning it only focus on adult stages, except for the study on Negros Island. With this, we conducted a study on the morphology and life history of L. leytensis in Rogongon, Iligan City, Philippines. We collected different tadpole stages through opportunistic sampling. Gosner developmental stages 23 to 40 were considered and measured using standard tadpole body morphometrics. Linear regression was used for modeling the relationship between the different morphometrics. Results showed that the tadpoles have a depressed body, dorsolateral eye position and has golden, light to dark brown pigmentation. Apart from this, its mouthpart showed an anteroventral shape, and the labial tooth row formula is 1/2-3, showing a single row in the upper lip and three rows in the lower lip, having the 3rd row half the length of the other two, which is different to that of the results of the past studies which reported that the labial tooth was 1/2:1-1 showing a broken gap in the first tooth row of the lower lip. The analysis revealed a positive relationship between different morphometrics to the total length (body length rs: 0.96; tail length rs: 0.99; musculature height rs: 0.90 and maximum tail height rs: 0.85) with a significance value of <0.001. The data generated from this study will ignite future efforts on tadpole research in the country, given that there are differences found in the tadpoles from different regions. 
The variability influence of physicochemical parameters on macroinvertebrate assemblages in the Rhumel and Endja rivers, Algeria Saliha Kherief-Nacereddine; Hamssa Djeddi; Benayache Naila Yasmine; SABAH BOUKERIA; ZOUBIDA BENMAKHLOUF; Fatima-Zohra Mehennaou-Afri
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240163

Abstract

Abstract. Kherief-Nacereddine S, Djeddi H, Nail-Yasmine B, Boukeria S, Benmakhlouf Z, Mehennaoui-Afri FZ. 2023. The variability influence of physicochemical parameters on macroinvertebrate assemblages in the Rhumel and Endja rivers, Algeria. Biodiversitas 24: 539-550. Water resources are the most essential resource in the development of the various sectors of a country's economy. In Algeria, a country with a semi-arid climate, the supply of drinking and industrial water is mainly provided by surface water. Currently, the water supply for industrial uses is threatened by the problems of anthropogenic pollution (e.g., urban discharges, industrial and agricultural activities, etc.). The objective of this work is to assess the variability influence of water physicochemical parameters on macroinvertebrate communities in the Rhumel and Endja rivers in Algeria which supply the Beni Haroun. In each river, two observation stations were established located upstream and downstream, totaling four stations (Rhumel: (Rh1 and Rh2) and Endja: En 1 and En 2). Physicochemical parameters of water were measured, and biological parameters of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages were calculated. The physicochemical approach put highlights the monthly changes in water quality along the two rivers in relation to urban, agricultural, and industrial discharges and as a response to seasonal variations in water level. The difference in taxonomic richness corresponded to environmental conditions of stations appearing more or less stable and highlighting a gradient of the stress on organisms. The results showed that there were 2071 individuals of macroinvertebrates recorded, belonging to 19 families and 10 orders. The individual number of this macrofauna consisted of 75.20% insects, 12.50% worms, and 12.30% mollusks, with the most abundant families across all stations being Chironomidae and Baetidae. The spatiotemporal variability of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the two rivers indicated that summer recorded the highest abundance of all samples. The highest number of macroinvertebrate individuals was recorded at Rhumel stations. The elements indicating high pollution were SO4, PO4- and NO2- with the highest values recorded during the summer season for the four stations. Higher pollution was observed at the Endja river. The findings of this study imply that the waters of two rivers are unsuitable for use even for irrigation purposes.
Determinant of farmers’ participation and biodiversity status in the program of agroforestry rehabilitation in Sudan MOHAMED HEMIDA; BUDI MULYANA; ANDREA VITYI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 11 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231113

Abstract

Abstract. Hemida M, Mulyana B, Vityi A. 2022. Determinant of farmers’ participation and biodiversity status in the program of agroforestry rehabilitation in Sudan. Biodiversitas 23: 5638-5645. The agroforestry Rehabilitation Program (ARP) was launched in Nabag Reserve Forest (NRF), Sudan, to rehabilitate the forest cover and improve livelihoods for communities around the forest. To enhance the efficacy of such rehabilitation programs, it is crucial to understand the impact of various factors on community perception of participation in forest rehabilitation. The objectives of this study were to (i) examine the factors that influence farmers’ perceptions of their involvement in the program and (ii) assess the biodiversity of trees and crop species in the program. Data was gathered through a survey that included personal interviews with 200 farmers who participated in the program. A total of 250 circular sample plots were established randomly to achieve the second objective. The results showed that extension services, farming experience, family members, educational level, land size, and gum Arabic production positively influence farmers’ perceptions. The study findings identified nine tree species and five crop species in NRF. The dominant tree species were Acacia senegal and Balanites aegyptiaca which represented 62.8% and 12.4 % of the total species, respectively. At the same time, groundnut and watermelon were identified as favorite crops cultivated by farmers. Furthermore, the non-rehabilitated area has shown better value in richness, heterogeneity, and evenness than the rehabilitated areas.
Differences in bacterial composition between vascular epiphyte and parasitic plants living on the same host plants HOANG DANG KHOA DO; ARIF LUQMAN; MINH THIET VU; HOANG DANH NGUYEN; YOHANES KARTJITO PUTRO; ELSALISA AINUR ROFIQA; HERI SANTOSO; ALFINDA NOVI KRISTANTI; SUCIPTO HARIYANTO; LE MINH BUI; YOSEPHINE SRI WULAN MANUHARA; ANJAR TRI WIBOWO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 11 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231133

Abstract

Abstract. Do HDK, Luqman A, Vu MT, Nguyen HD, Putro YK, Rofiqa EA, Santoso H, Kristanti AN, Hariyanto S, Bui LM, Manuhara YSW, Wibowo AT. 2022. Differences in bacterial composition between vascular epiphyte and parasitic plants living on the same host plants. Biodiversitas 23: 5798-5805. Epiphytic and parasitic plants can grow and complete their life cycle while attached to the host. Therefore, the interactions between these plants and their host provide profound evidence for co-evolution. During these symbiotic interactions, bacteria are actively exchanged between parasitic and epiphytic plants with their hosts. Since epiphytes and parasitic plants have different ways of life, they might assemble their bacterial community differently despite living in the same host. However, direct microbiome comparisons between epiphytic and parasitic plants colonizing the same host have never been evaluated. In this study, we examined the bacterial compositions of the epiphytic Hoya sp. and parasitic Dendrophthoe sp. that grow in two host species, frangipani (Plumeria sp.) and teak (Tectona grandis). The results revealed that bacterial compositions in the root of Hoya sp. are highly similar to the peripheral tissue of the host stem. In contrast, bacterial composition in the haustoria of Dendrophthoe sp. is quite distinct from the host. These results revealed that epiphytes and parasitic plants acquire and assemble their microbiome differently, despite living in the same host species. These differences might originate from different nutrient acquisition strategies between the two plants.
The importance of regulatory compliance in wildlife captive breeding: Case study from deer captive breeding in Indonesia Subeno Subeno; Satyawan Pudyatmoko; Muhammad Ali Imron; Tri Satya Mastuti Widi
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 12 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231206

Abstract

Abstract. Subeno, Pudyatmoko S, Imron MA, Widi TSM. 2022. The importance of regulatory compliance in wildlife captive breeding: Case study from deer captive breeding in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6128-6136. Indonesia has five deer species that the Indonesian government protects. Among these deer, Javan deer (Rusa timorensis) and sambar deer (Rusa unicolor) have received conservation attention through captive breeding. Despite this conservation approach being applied for these two species, a review on captive breeding implementation is still lacking. This research aimed to assess the management of captive breeding of two deer species, which will support the natural population of endangered species in Indonesia. A triangulation method is used to collect secondary data (documents), interviews, and field observations in Parengan of East Java for Javan deer and Dumai of Riau for sambar deer. Then we assessed the management aspect and the ability of captive breeding to contribute to the release program using descriptive qualitative analysis. The Pertamina RU 2 Dumai sambar deer captive breeding has been carried out since 2016. However, during four years of management, the documents required for captive management, assessed by the Nature Resources Conservation Agency (Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam/BKSDA), were not fully available. Consequently, the population increment in captive breeding could not participate in the release program. The Parengan Javan deer captive breeding was built in 2014. Management documents, population and habitat management were carried out intensively. As a result of the assessment by BKSDA East Java, this captive breeding received an excellent value (A). The population development showed an increasing trend. The results of this population development are then taken 10% to be released into the wild. In 2018, 4 captive-breed Javan deer were released in their natural habitat of Tahura R. Soeryo, East Java. The implication is that captive breeding, which is managed through proper management of population, habitat, and infrastructure, can contribute to supporting the addition of wildlife populations in their natural habitats.
Assessment of maturity stage and stability of new Indonesian melon cultivar ‘Melona’ based on ISSR markers and morphological characteristics ADIB FAKHRUDDIN YUSUF; ADHESTYA ALFIANI; TANTRI AJENG SALMA SALSABILA; PRIMA SEKTI KUSNANDA; INA NUR HIDAYATI; BUDI SETIADI DARYONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240137

Abstract

Abstract. Yusuf AF, Alfiyani A, Salsabila TAS, Kusnanda PS, Hidayati IN, Daryono BS. 2023. Assessment of maturity stage and stability of new Indonesian melon cultivar ‘Melona’ based on ISSR markers and morphological characteristics. Biodiversitas 24: 308-316. Market preferences for horticultural products determine the product’s selling value and absorption. One market criterion often used for the quality of horticultural products is color and maturity level. Color differences can provide a representation of the metabolites contained in a product. This study provides a standard for assessing melons' maturity level, which will be helpful as a benchmark for Indonesian consumer acceptance. In addition, this study also provides information on the stability of the character of the new cultivar 'Melona' from several generations of crosses to obtain superior cultivars. Assessment of maturity level based on color development in 'Melona' is divided into five stages. In the first and second stage, fruit was dominated by green color with Increasing fruit volume. The color change begins in the third stage. in the third stage and the following phases, there is an increase in the accumulation of beta-carotene and characterized by the dominance of orange instead of green. Maximum ripe of ‘Melona’ is characterized by strong yellow lobes, creamy-white interlobes, and orange flesh color. A molecular analysis employing four ISSR primers (UBC-807, UBC-808, UBC-811, and UBC-824) resulted in high uniformity and low genetic variation in the hybrid and parent lines genotype. Analysis resulted a total of 42 DNA fragments with only one polymorphic DNA fragment. The polymorphic DNA fragment was 2,300 bp in size and was found in the female accession 'Melona' and the hybrid 'Melona' based on the UBC-808 primer. The numerical phenetic relationship between male, female and hybrid accession melon cultivars is very close (above 97.6%) and indicated that the melona cultivars were stable.
Prebiotic activity of Lactobacillus casei grown on medium containing of Hylocereus undatus extract and its use in the fermentation of goat’s milk kefir MARIA ERNA KUSTYAWATI; MUKAROMAH EKA NURLITA; ESA GHANIM FADHALLAH; SAMSUL RIZAL
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 12 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231249

Abstract

Abstract. Kustyawati ME, Nurlita ME, Fadhallah EG, Rizal S. 2022. Prebiotic activity of Lactobacillus casei grown on medium containing of Hylocereus undatus extract and its use in the fermentation of goat’s milk kefir. Biodiversitas 23: 6513-6519. White dragon fruit extract used as a prebiotic source is thought to be an innovative exploration to enhance its application as a synbiotics in food products. This study aims to quantify the prebiotic index and prebiotic activity score for Lactobacillus casei grown on white dragon fruit extract containing media at different concentrations. The study was carried out using a completely randomized design (CRD) experimental method with one factor, concentration of white dragon fruit extract (P1-P5) with 5 levels (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% respectively), and was repeated 3 times. The data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA, if the treatments were significantly different then the LSD test (5%). The result showed that all tested media had a beneficial effect on the growth of L. casei (prebiotic index higher than 1), while they did not support the growth of enteric Escherichia coli (prebiotic index less than 1 or negative). The highest score of prebiotic activity for L. casei was grown on 10%, while the lowest was 2%. The addition of 10% prebiotic extract of white dragon fruit in goat's milk fermentation produced goat's milk kefir with characteristics that met Codex Stand 243-2003 and had a DPPH radical scavenging activity of 55.13%.
DNA barcoding of the most common marine ornamental fish species spilled over from a small-sized marine protected area, Bali Barat National Park, Indonesia Dewa Gede Raka Wiadnya; Nia Kurniawan; Anik Martinah Hariati; Septiana Sri Astuti; Akhsan Fikrillah Paricahya; ‪Muhammad Dailami; Wahyu Endra Kusuma
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240107

Abstract

Abstract. Wiadnya DGR, Kurniawan N, Hariati AM, Astuti SS, Paricahya AF, Dailami M, Kusuma WE. 2023. DNA barcoding of the most common marine ornamental fish species spilled over from a small-sized marine protected area, Bali Barat National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 243: 47-54. Healthy coral reefs within a protected area may function as a source of recruitment to the surroundings through spill-over and export larvae. This study aims to generate a list of common species of marine ornamental fishes for the aquarium trade in Indonesia, mainly collected adjacent to Bali Barat National Park (BBNP). Lived-fish samples were collected from six fish collectors in two villages surrounding BBNP, Sumber Kima, Bali, and Bangsring, Banyuwangi. All species were checked by three active fishermen in both villages for confirmation of the most common species and not belonging to the target. A total of 82 separate groups out of 145 specimens were identified based on their morphological characters. All samples were then sequenced based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene amplification. The sequence read lengths for all the specimens were between 655 and 658 bp. All the findings from this DNA barcoding approach were in line with morphological species identification. Wrasses (Family: Labridae) were the most dominant (41 species) representing the group, followed by Pomacentridae (24 species), Acanthuridae (14 species), Pomacanthidae (14 species) and Gobiidae (10 species). Among the species, only green sergeant, Amblyglyphidodon batunaorum, belonged to the Vulnerable (VU) category based on IUCN criteria. The rest were either Least Concern (LC), Data Deficient (DD), or Not Evaluated (NE). It implied that no catch species were under fishing pressure except for the green sergeant. Considering a total of 28 target species by local fishermen (recorded in an earlier article), small-scale fishermen can easily catch more than 100 species in one trip. The results significantly contributed to the need to generate a list of common ornamental fish species specifically exported from Indonesia as an aquarium trade commodity.

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