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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
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Musculoskeletal structure of the shoulder and arm in large flying fox (Pteropus vampyrus) Danang Dwi Cahyadi; Nurhidayat Nurhidayat; Chairun Nisa'; Supratikno Supratikno; Savitri Novelina; Heru Setijanto; Srihadi Agungpriyono
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 11 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231144

Abstract

Abstract. Cahyadi DD, Nurhidayat, Nisa’ C, Supratikno, Novelina S, Setijanto H, Agungpriyono S. 2022. Musculoskeletal structure of the shoulder and arm in large flying fox (Pteropus vampyrus). Biodiversitas 23: 5902-5913. The flight activity of bats is the most energy-consuming activity compared to other locomotion activities. The anatomical characteristic of its musculoskeletal system is believed to play important role in their flight ability. The present study aimed to describe the musculoskeletal morphology of the shoulder, arms, and wing of the large flying fox (Pteropus vampyrus). In this study, the parameters used are observing the specific body parts of the shoulder and arm skeletons and muscles, comparing skeletons and muscles of the other species of bats and related literature. The arm and wing skeleton of the large flying fox were relatively simple, lengthened, and  flexible at the distal end of the distal most phalanx, demonstrating the flexibility of a  flying fox’s arm and wing during flight. The muscles involved in flying movement that moved the wings, either in adduction or in abduction. The muscles that play a role in the wing adduction phase of the large flying fox are musculi (mm.) pectorales, musculus (m.) serratus ventralis thoracis, m. clavodeltoideus, and m. biceps brachii caput coracoideus. Conversely, the wing abduction phase is played by several main muscles, such as m. clavotrapezius, m. acromiotrapezius, m. latissimus dorsi, m. teres major, m. acromiodeltoideus, m. spinodeltoideus, m. triceps brachii caput laterale, and m. triceps brachii caput longum. Briefly, the musculoskeletal characteristics of the shoulder and arms of the large flying fox are suggested as morphological adaptation to allow free shoulder area movement, reduce the body mass, and resist the large torsional stress in the wing.
Polymorphism analysis of drought tolerance gene OsDREB2A in Indonesian local rice from Lampung, Indonesia LILI CHRISNAWATI; ETI ERNAWIATI; YULIANTY YULIANTY; MUHAMMAD RIFQI HARIRI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 12 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231232

Abstract

Abstract. Chrisnawati L, Ernawiati E, Yulianty, Hariri MR. 2022. Polymorphism analysis of drought tolerance gene OsDREB2A in Indonesian local rice from Lampung, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6352-6357. Drought stress is a significant threat to rice cultivation and the selection of drought-tolerant rice plants is needed to find superior plants. The OsDREB2A gene plays a role in the regulation of drought tolerance and is widely used as a marker. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the OsDREB2A gene polymorphism in the local rice variety of Lampung Lumbung Sewu Cantik, compared to the Inpago 8 drought-tolerant and the IR64 sensitive variety. DNA extraction was performed on fresh leaves using the GENEAID Genomic DNA Mini Kit, amplification by PCR was carried out with the OsDREB2A primer pair, while sequence analysis was conducted with MEGA X and confirmed using the BLAST program. The sequencing results showed that the three rice varieties had the same sequence length of 250 bp. The Lumbung Sewu Cantik variety has the same sequence as Inpago 8, while IR64 has an insertion that causes a frameshift mutation. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis showed that the Lumbung Sewu Cantik variety was in a similar group with tolerant varieties, while IR64 was in a different group. The similarity of the OsDREB2A Lumbung Sewu Cantik sequence is presumably associated with tolerance to drought.
Determination of phytochemical constituents, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of ethanolic leaf extracts of Pterocarpus erinaceus EMMANUEL CHIKODIRI OKOLI; ISAAC JOHN UMARU; OTITOJU OLAWALE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240440

Abstract

Abstract. Okoli EC, Umaru IJ, Olawale O. 2023. Determination of phytochemical constituents, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of ethanolic leaf extracts of Pterocarpus erinaceus. Biodiversitas 24: 2272-2277. Many people in Nigeria and West Africa have long used the leaves, stem bark, and roots of Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. as a medicine to treat ailments such as malaria, ulcers, coughs, and fevers. The antioxidant, antimalarial, antiulcer, and antibacterial activities of stem bark, leaves, and roots of P. erinaceus have been investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical composition, antimicrobial activity, and antioxidant activity of the P. erinaceus leaf. Phytochemical compounds in ethanolic leaf extracts of P. erinaceus were analyzed and quantified by Gas Chromatography/Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). The antibacterial test was performed against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli by agar diffusion. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH scavenging activity. Phytochemicals content in the extract include flavonoids (44.71%), alkaloids (19.47%), steroids (6.01%), tannins (1.73%), saponins (4.70%), glycosides (7.00%), tannins (2.60%), anti-nutrient (12.77%). Ethanol extracts of P. erinaceus leaves were effective against all selected bacterial strains (E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtilis, and P. aeruginosa). DPPH scavenging activity of the ethanol extract of P.erinaceus at a concentration of 1000 ?g/mL was 49.51% and 27.20% at 40 ?g/mL, categorized as moderate antioxidant activity. This study showed that crude ethanol extracts of P. erinaceus leaf contained pharmacologically active compounds and exhibited significant antibacterial and DPPH free radical scavenging activities in a concentration-dependent manner.
Occurrence of heavy metals Cu, Pb, and Cd in Rhizophora apiculata and Sonneratia caseolaris in the coastal area of Subang, West Java, Indonesia YUNI TRI HEWINDATI; DEDDY AHMAD SUHARDI; FAWZI RAHMADIYAN ZUHAIRI; DIKI DIKI; ERNIK YULIANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 12 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231246

Abstract

Abstract. Hewindati YT, Suhardi DA, Zuhairi FR, Diki, Yuliana E. 2022. Occurrence of heavy metals Cu, Pb, and Cd in Rhizophora apiculata and Sonneratia caseolaris in the coastal area of Subang, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6471-6479. The high urbanization in coastal areas is one of the causes of mangrove ecosystems experiencing pressure due to water pollution by anthropogenic activities, especially through heavy metals pollution. As vegetation grows in transitional areas, mangroves have a different structure and physiology from plants in the land area, so they have a high resistance to the pressure of heavy metal pollution. The measurement was carried out on the content of heavy metals Cadmium (Cd), Cuprum (Cu), and Plumbum (Pb) in Subang, West Java. Our study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of heavy metal found in the roots, leaves, and trunks of species Rhizophora apiculata Blume and Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engler. Sampling was conducted in the rivers at three locations: Langensari, Blanakan, and the estuary area. The concentration of heavy metals in each organ was measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA) technique was used to obtain a more detailed description of the accumulation pattern of heavy metals. The mapping was carried out using a two-dimensional plot containing 18 observation samples, nine variable combinations of heavy metal content in three organs, and the location of observations and plant species. Both plant species had a high accumulation absorption of heavy metals but with different characteristics. S. caseolaris determined the accumulation characteristics of Cu and Cd in the three observation areas with a total contribution of 60.3%. Meanwhile, R. apiculata significantly contributed to determining the characteristics of the accumulation of Cu and Pb in the entire observation area, with its contribution of 15.5%. However, the highest average accumulation of Pb was found in the R. apiculata leaves in Blanakan and the estuary area, which was 16.054 mg/kg and 12.769 mg/kg, respectively.
The false alarm of experimentally companion plants to the cabbage pests with their ecological effects Agung Sih Kurnianto; Luhur Septiadi; Nanang Tri Haryadi; Wildan Muhlison; Irwanto Sucipto; Nilasari Dewi; Ahmad Ilham Tanzil; Ayu Lestari; Rose Novita Sari Handoko
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240273

Abstract

Abstract. Kurnianto AS, Septiadi L, Haryadi NT, Muhlison W, Sucipto I, Dewi N, Tanzil AI, Lestari A, Magvira NL, Handoko RNS. 2023. The false alarm of experimentally companion plants to the cabbage pests with their ecological effects. Biodiversitas 24: 1303-1312. Jember is one of the important horticulture producers in Indonesia. Companion Plants (CP) are promising for effective pest control. This study aims to analyze the abundance of cabbage pests across several local CP and the theoretical ecological interactions between pests and plants. We conducted an experiment with several local CP: Ground Peanut (Arachis hypogaea), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), Welsh Onion (Allium fistulosum), and Shallot (Allium cepa) to Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) and examining the abundance of cabbage pests (Plutella sp. and Crocidolomia sp.). The results showed that Arachis hypogaea performed as suitable as a CP for cabbage, whereas the other plants (Allium spp.) contradicting attracted more pests. The similarity index based on cabbage pests and abundance clearly demonstrated that A. fistulosum was most similar to the control. PCA shows Plutella sp. was abundantly seen throughout weeks 1-4, and Crocidolomia sp. was seen in abundance during weeks 5 and 6. The patterns between pests' abundance, attack area, and damage intensity showed a similar trend for both Plutella sp. and Crocidolomia sp. In the future, it is essential to evaluate the use of Allium groups as CP for cabbage and VOC interactions between plants and pests.
Probiotics formulated from indigenous bacteria from goat digestive tract and fed with fermented mixed feed Eichhornia crassipes and Zea mays cobs ISNAWATI ISNAWATI; FITRIARI IZZATUNNISA MUHAIMIN; DWI A. RAHAYU; HERLINA FITRIHIDAJATI; EVIE RATNASARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240545

Abstract

Abstract. Isnawati, Muhaimin FI, Rahayu DA, Fitrihidajati H, Ratnasari E. 2023. Probiotics formulated from indigenous bacteria from goat digestive tract and fed with fermented mixed feed Eichhornia crassipes and Zea mays cobs. Biodiversitas 24: 2906-2911. The provision of cellulolytic bacteria as probiotics in goat feed is crucial to their growth and health. Therefore, this study aimed to monitor the effects of providing cellulolytic bacteria isolated from the digestive tract of goats as probiotics in feed rations. Probiotic cellulolytic bacteria were isolated from the digestive tract of goat food fed with a fermented feed containing a combination of hyacinth and corn cob. In this study, the probiotic types are also different from other studies, namely Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus brevis, and Pseudomonas diminuta. Therefore, its effects on the vegetative and generative growth from various age groups and sexes of test goats are investigated. The goats tested were divided into two groups: fed with and without probiotics, with subgroups based on their sexes (male and female) and age groups (baby, juvenile, and adult). The tested goats were fed for 35 days, and their weight gain and sperm quality were observed; in general, weight gain was observed in goats fed the probiotics. Furthermore, the quality of spermatozoa in adult male goats fed with probiotics is higher than without probiotics, which includes its viability (52.2% to 36.9%), motility (48.1% and ++++ to 33.2% and ++), volume and concentration (1.05 mL/ejaculate with 3.7×109 cells/mL to 0.55 mL/ejaculated with 2.6×109 cells/mL). Based on the results, adding cellulolytic bacterial probiotics to the feed promotes the vegetative growth of goats in different age groups, in male and female goats. Also, it improves reproductive performance in adult male test goats.
Carbon stock at several types of mangrove ecosystems in Bregasmalang, Central Java, Indonesia SUGIATMO SUGIATMO; ERNY POEDJIRAHAJOE; SATYAWAN PUDYATMOKO; RIS HADI PURWANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240122

Abstract

Abstract. Sugiatmo, Poedjirahajoe E, Pudyatmoko S, Purwanto RH. 2023. Carbon stock at several types of mangrove ecosystems in Bregasmalang, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 182-191. Mangrove ecosystems have an important role but are also faced with the conversion of use and impacts from climate change. Therefore, this research aims to determine the carbon stock above-ground, below-ground, and the soil at several types of mangrove ecosystems in Bregasmalang, Central Java. A total of 8 transect lines, each having a length of 125 m and consisting of six plots, were placed in four types of mangrove ecosystems to obtain data on the diameter of the vegetation and soil at five different depths. Allometric equations were used to analyze diameter data, while the soil compositions were analyzed in the laboratory. The results showed that the total carbon stock in Bregasmalang was 713.13 Mg ha-1 with the details as follows; above-ground 30.27 Mg ha-1 (4%), below-ground 10.99 Mg ha-1 (2%), and soil carbon 671.87 Mg ha-1 (94%). Meanwhile, the total carbon stock in conservation mangrove forests was 763.75 Mg ha-1, rehabilitation mangrove 719.25 Mg ha-1, silvofishery 680.71 Mg ha-1, and ponds 688.81 Mg ha-1. Based on the results, the high soil and total carbon stock in conservation mangroves showed the importance of protecting the ecosystems to mitigate climate change.
Ethnomedicine exploration of medicinal plants in Dayak Bakumpai and Ngaju Tribes, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia NANIK LESTARININGSIH; MUHAMAD JALIL; AYATUSA’ADAH AYATUSA’ADAH; RIDHA NIRMALASARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240257

Abstract

Abstract. Lestariningsih N, Jalil M, Ayatusa’adah, Nirmalasari R. 2022. Ethnomedicine exploration of medicinal plants in Dayak Bakumpai and Ngaju Tribes, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1163-1174. Dayak Tribes in Central Kalimantan still utilize traditional medicines from parts of plants as a hereditary inheritance. Knowledge about traditional medicines, however, has not been well documented and most of the traditional gatherer families do not want to be a gatherer. This could lead to the loss of tradition in concocting traditional medicine. Therefore, the research aims to conserve and preserve local wisdom by documenting traditional medicinal plants used by gatherers and communities of the Dayak Bakumpai and Ngaju Tribes. Moreover, it aims to gather data on the use value of the traditional medicinal plant species of the Dayak Tribes. The research focuses on the ethnomedicine exploration of the Dayak Ngaju Tribe in Seruyan and Katingan and Dayak Bakumpai in Muara Teweh and Kapuas. Samples are taken purposively and using a snowball sampling that results in 42 volunteered key informants. The key informants are interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The knowledge and practice of medicinal plants are analyzed using descriptive statistics of percentages. The research results indicate that the role of the gatherers and Batra in Borneo is significant since they have knowledge of ethnomedicine in the efforts to maintain health and conserve the surrounding plants. A total of 60 plant species are mixed by the Batra/local people and spread in 36 families. Species mostly found are from the Fabaceae and Lauraceae families. The use value of the species in the Dayak Tribe medicinal plants is in the range of 0.02-0.1 with the largest UVc value found in the species of Eurycoma longifolia Jack., Tinospora crispa Miers., Planchonia valida BI., Ficus deltoidea Jack., and Morus alba L. More surveys are suggested regarding traditional medicines with their chemical profile and pharmacological examination, especially in rural areas that still use traditional medicines.
Abundance and diversity of butterfly in the Lombok Forest Park, Indonesia Mohammad Liwa Ilhamdi; Agil Al Idrus; Didik Santoso; Gito Hadiprayitno; ‪Muhamad Syazali‬; Ismawan Hariyadi
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240205

Abstract

Abstract. Ilhamdi ML, Al Idrus A, Santoso D, Hadiprayitno G, Syazali M, Hariyadi I. 2023. Abundance and diversity of butterfly in the Lombok Forest Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 688-695. The lack of studies on butterflies on Lombok Island has prevented the biology and ecology of this insect group from being widely known. Further, the absence of data on insect communities impacts conservation management, especially that of the Lombok Island Forest Park. Insects can only be effectively managed for conservation by knowing their basic biology and ecology, yet almost nothing about the butterflies on Lombok Island has previously been quantified. This study aims to analyze the abundance and diversity of butterflies in the Forest Park of Lombok Island, Indonesia. The research was carried out from January to July 2022. Further, the samples were collected from three habitat types: waterways, forest middle lanes, and forest edge lanes. Butterfly data collection was carried out on the left and right of each line that became the transect. During this period, 1524 individuals from 42 butterfly species were collected. The most abundant species was Jamides celeno (Ra: 7.54%), while the species with the lowest abundance was Lampides boeticus (Ra: 0.26). The abundance of other species ranged from 0.45% to 6.95%. The results of the analysis show that the diversity of the butterflies in Lombok Island Forest Park is quite high in each of the habitat types surveyed. The data from this research can be used to design and implement conservation management, especially for butterflies.
Isolation and characterization of extremophile bacteria for hydrolytic enzyme production from Waepella Hot Spring, Sinjai, Indonesia INDRAYANI INDRAYANI; RESKI PRAJA PUTRA; AMIRUDDIN HAMBALI; ARDIANSYAH ARDIANSYAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 12 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231231

Abstract

Abstract. Indrayani, Putra RP, Hambali A, Ardiansyah. 2022. Isolation and characterization of extremophile bacteria for hydrolytic enzyme production from Waepella Hot Spring, Sinjai, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6345-6351. Extremophiles are organisms that have adapted to live in extreme environments. Therefore, they have huge potential for various industrial applications, specifically enzyme production. The aim of this study was to isolate and screen the potential of extremophile bacteria for hydrolytic enzyme production from the Waepella hot spring in Sinjai District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The water samples were collected from the hot spring at three different locations. The method of bacterial isolation was the agar plating technique using Tryptic Soy Agar media. The obtained isolates were characterized by examination of colony colors, cell shapes, gram staining, endospore, catalase, and enzymatic activity (amylase, cellulose, protease, lipase, and pectinase). The result showed that a total of eighteen isolates were successfully isolated from Waepella hot springs. Eight isolates showed amylolytic activity, and the highest (22.6± 0.44 mm) activity was observed in isolate BHSS10. Nine isolates had a cellulolytic activity with the highest clear zone of 11.6±0.4 mm (isolate BHSS7). Sixteen isolates had a pectinolytic activity with the highest clear zone of 12±0.24 (isolate BHSS16). Only 3 isolates showed proteolytic activity, and the highest (9.83±0.40 mm) was observed in isolate BHSS15, while none showed lipolytic activity. That is the first report on extremophile bacterial isolation and screening for enzyme production from the hot spring in South Sulawesi, Indonesia.

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