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Optimal: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen
Published by Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional
ISSN : 29624444     EISSN : 29624010     DOI : 10.55606
Core Subject :
OPTIMAL: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen berfokus pada penerbitan artikel berkualitas tinggi yang didedikasikan untuk semua aspek penelitian, masalah, dan perkembangan terbaru di bidang Ilmu Manajemen. Topik dalam Jurnal ini berkaitan dengan aspek apapun dari manajemen, namun tidak terbatas pada topik berikut : Manajemen Sumberdaya Manusia , Manajemen Keuangan, Manajemen Pemasaran, Manajemen Sektor Publik, Manajemen Operasional, Manajemen Rantai Pasokan, Corporate Governance, Etika Bisnis, Akuntansi Manajemen dan Pasar Modal dan Investasi. Jurnal ini terbit 1 tahun 4 kali (Maret, Juni September dan Desember)
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 619 Documents
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Strategi Market Penetration Cleo dalam Menghadapi Persaingan Industri Air Minum dalam Kemasan di Indonesia Albertus Alfianto Pratama
OPTIMAL Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Juni: OPTIMAL: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/optimal.v6i2.10749

Abstract

The bottled drinking water (AMDK) industry in Indonesia faces increasingly intense competition along with the growing public awareness of health and practical lifestyles. At present, people choose bottled drinking water to meet the body’s mineral needs, overcome dehydration, or consume it after meals. This study aims to analyze the strategic position of PT Sariguna Primatirta Tbk through its bottled drinking water brand, Cleo, and to formulate the most appropriate priority business strategy to maintain and enhance the company’s competitiveness. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using strategic management analysis techniques, including the External Factor Evaluation (EFE) Matrix, Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix, Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM), SWOT Matrix, SPACE Matrix, Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix, Internal–External (IE) Matrix, Grand Strategy Matrix, and Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM). The results of the analysis indicate that the market penetration strategy has the highest Total Attractive Score compared to other alternative strategies. These results indicate that Cleo can act more aggressively in the bottled drinking water market share. The author recommends that Cleo can collaborate with the film industry, particularly cartoon characters, to open up the children’s market segment as consumers of bottled drinking water.
Karakteristik Jasa Rumah Sakit: Systematic Literature Review Denis Radiansyah Kustiwa; Desniari Sitiawan; Fajar Gumilar; Fitri Utami Dewi; Frety Tiurma Ara
OPTIMAL Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Juni: OPTIMAL: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/optimal.v6i2.10752

Abstract

Hospital services possess unique characteristics that distinguish them from other service sectors due to their high complexity, direct interaction between healthcare providers and patients, simultaneous service delivery, and limited service capacity. This study aims to analyze the fundamental characteristics of hospital services through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to understand how the dimensions of intangibility, heterogeneity, inseparability, and perishability influence the quality of healthcare services. The review followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and utilized four major academic databases—Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and SINTA. From 1,214 identified publications, 60 articles met the eligibility criteria and were analyzed thematically. The results indicate that the intangible nature of services makes perceived quality highly dependent on communication and hospital reputation; heterogeneity is shaped by variations in staff competence and procedural implementation; inseparability emphasizes the critical role of patient–provider interactions; while perishability highlights the importance of effective demand and capacity management. This study concludes that a comprehensive understanding of these four service characteristics is essential for improving hospital service quality and strengthening patient experience, particularly through enhanced human resource capacity, standardized service processes, and the adoption of digital health technologies.
Determinan Penghindaran Pajak pada Perusahaan Multinasional Non-Keuangan: Peran Moderasi Transfer Pricing Risva Izzatul Ummah; Dista Amalia Arifah
OPTIMAL Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Juni: OPTIMAL: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/optimal.v6i2.10768

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the influence of profitability, leverage, company size, audit committee, and executive characteristics on tax avoidance, and to examine the role of transfer pricing as a moderating variable. This study uses a quantitative approach with secondary data obtained from the financial statements of non-financial multinational companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2016-2019. The sample selection method used a purposive sampling method, resulting in 188 samples. The results show that leverage has a positive effect on tax avoidance, while profitability, company size, audit committee, and executive characteristics do not. In addition, the transfer pricing variable is unable to moderate the influence of profitability, leverage, company size, audit committee, and executive characteristics on tax avoidance. These findings indicate that tax avoidance practices in non-financial multinational companies are more influenced by funding structure policies than by individual management characteristics or internal control mechanisms.
Analisis Kualitas Pelayanan Rawat Inap Kelas III Dewasa di RSUD Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes Kupang Celine Betania Ndun; Hendrik Toda; David Wilfrid Rihi
OPTIMAL Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Juni: OPTIMAL: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/optimal.v6i2.10797

Abstract

Healthcare service quality is a crucial indicator of hospital performance, particularly in Class III inpatient services that predominantly serve low-income communities. This study aims to analyze the quality of Class III adult inpatient services at RSUD Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes Kupang using the SERVQUAL framework, which includes five dimensions: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, structured observations, and document analysis involving 30 informants consisting of patients, patients’ families, and healthcare workers, selected through purposive sampling. Data analysis followed the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, while data validity was ensured through source and method triangulation. The findings indicate that the overall quality of Class III adult inpatient services is categorized as fairly good. The dimensions of empathy, responsiveness, and assurance emerge as the main strengths, reflected in healthcare workers’ personal attention, prompt responses to patient needs, and adequate competence with high compliance to standard operating procedures. However, improvements are still required in the tangibles and reliability dimensions, particularly concerning inadequate physical facilities, limited patient privacy, suboptimal lighting and ventilation, unclear doctor visitation schedules, and inefficient manual administrative systems.
Efektivitas Kebijakan Peraturan Walikota Kupang Nomor 33 Tahun 2019 Tentang Pengurangan Penggunaan Kantong Plastik Ni Putu Eka Ananda; William Djani; Made N. D. Andayana; Ernestus Holivil
OPTIMAL Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Juni: OPTIMAL: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/optimal.v6i2.10871

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of Kupang Mayor Regulation Number 33 of 2019 concerning the Reduction of the Use of Plastic Bags and identify the obstacles faced in its implementation in Kupang City. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data collection was carried out through observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving traditional markets, shopping centers, and micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Kupang City. Data analysis was carried out using the Miles and Huberman model which includes the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The validity of the data was tested through the triangulation technique. The results of the study show that the implementation of Kupang Mayor Regulation Number 33 of 2019 has not been running effectively. This is due to the low level of public and business actors' understanding of the policy, limited socialization activities, weak supervision from related parties, and the lack of availability of affordable environmentally friendly pocket alternatives. The use of single-use plastic bags is still widely found, especially in traditional markets and the MSME sector, so that the goal of reducing plastic waste generation has not been achieved optimally.
Strategi Pemerintah Desa dalam Pengelolaan Pariwisata Berbasis Masyarakat: Studi Objek Wisata Bukit Bikium, Desa Tunua Barbalina N.K.S Oematan; Umbu T.W. Pariangu; Aspri Budi Oktavianto; Syukur M.A. Djaha
OPTIMAL Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Juni: OPTIMAL: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/optimal.v6i2.10872

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the strategy of the Village Government in managing Bukit Bikium as a community-based tourism destination in Tunua Village, Mollo Utara District, South Central Timor Regency. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Informants include village government officials, community members, and tourism managers involved in the management of Bukit Bikium. The analysis is conducted using Henry Mintzberg’s 5P strategy framework and SWOT analysis to identify internal and external factors influencing tourism management. The findings indicate that the Village Government has implemented adaptive and participatory strategies by involving local communities through farmer groups, initiating basic infrastructure development, and fostering collaboration with relevant government agencies. However, the management of Bukit Bikium faces several challenges, particularly limited legal authority, inadequate infrastructure, and weak promotion strategies. Despite these constraints, Bukit Bikium demonstrates strong potential to be developed as a community-based tourism destination that supports local economic development. The study concludes that strengthening institutional capacity, improving coordination with forestry authorities, and enhancing community participation are essential to ensure sustainable tourism management. These findings provide practical insights for village governments in developing tourism strategies based on local potential and community empowerment.
Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan dan Kompetensi terhadap Kinerja Pegawai dengan Kepuasan Kerja sebagai Variabel Intervning pada Dinas Perhubungan Provinsi Sumatera Barat Yuliana Fransiska; Marta Widian Sari; Ai Elis Karlinda
OPTIMAL Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Juni: OPTIMAL: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/optimal.v6i2.10900

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to determine and test the Leadership Style, Competence on Employee Performance with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable at the Transportation Agency of West Sumatra Province. The data analysis method uses a questionnaire, with a sample of 76 respondents. The data analysis method used is structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis using the partial least square (PLS) program. Based on the results of this study, it shows that, (1) There is a significant influence of Leadership Style on Job Satisfaction at the Transportation Agency of West Sumatra Province. (2) There is no significant influence of Competence on Job Satisfaction at the Transportation Agency of West Sumatra Province. (3) There is a significant influence of Leadership Style on Employee Performance at the Transportation Agency of West Sumatra Province. (4) There is a significant influence of Competence on Employee Performance at the Transportation Agency of West Sumatra Province. (5) There is no significant influence of Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance at the Transportation Agency of West Sumatra Province. (6) There is no significant influence of Leadership Style on Employee Performance through Job Satisfaction at the Transportation Agency of West Sumatra Province. (7) There is no significant influence of Competence on Employee Performance through Job Satisfaction at the West Sumatra Provincial Transportation Service.
Pengaruh Stres Kerja dan Konflik Kerja terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan melalui Kepuasan Kerja sebagai Variable Intervening pada PT. Binapratama Sakatojaya SS II Zilfa Aulia Marsandi; Marta Widian Sari; Ai Elis Karlinda
OPTIMAL Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Juni: OPTIMAL: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/optimal.v6i2.10905

Abstract

This study aims to determine the extent of the influence of Job Stress and Work Conflict on Employee Work Productivity through Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable at PT. Binapratama Sakatojaya SS II using a data analysis method using a questionnaire, with a sample of 63 respondents. The data analysis method used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using the Partial Least Square (PLS) program. Based on the results of this study, it shows that: (1) Job Stress has a negative and insignificant effect on Job Satisfaction at PT. Binapratama Sakatojaya SS II. (2) Work conflict has a negative and insignificant effect on Job Satisfaction at PT. Binapratama Sakatojaya SS II. (3) Work stress has a significant effect on Work Productivity at PT. Binapratama Sakatojaya SS II. (4) Work conflict has a negative and insignificant effect on Work Productivity at PT. Binapratama Sakatojaya SS II. (5) Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on Work Productivity at PT. Binapratama Sakatojaya SS II. (6) Work stress does not significantly influence work productivity through job satisfaction. Therefore, existing work stress through job satisfaction will result in decreased work productivity if directly influenced by work stress at PT. Binapratama Sakatojaya SS II. (7) Work conflict does not significantly influence work productivity through job satisfaction. Therefore, increasing work conflict through job satisfaction will result in decreased work productivity if directly influenced by work conflict at PT. Binapratama Sakatojaya SS II.
Pengaruh Semangat Kerja dan Pengembangan Karir terhadap Kinerja Pegawai dengan Komitmen Organisasi sebagai Variabel Intervening pada Puskesmas Pasar Baru, Bayang, Pesisir Selatan Viona Billa Ababil; Marta Widian Sari; Ai Elis Karlinda
OPTIMAL Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Juni: OPTIMAL: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/optimal.v6i2.10906

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of work Engagement and career development on employee performance through organizational commitment as an intervention variable. The population of this study was 46 employees of the Pasar Baru Community Health Center, Bayang, Pesisir Selatan. The sampling technique used in this study was a saturated sampling method, with a sample size of 46 employees. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. The data analysis technique in this study used the SmartPLS 4 Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method. The results of the study indicate that Work Engagement has no significant effect on Organizational Commitment, Career Development has a significant effect on Organizational Commitment, Work Engagement has no significant effect on Employee Performance, Career Development has a significant effect on Employee Performance, Organizational Commitment has no significant effect on Employee Performance, Work Engagement has no significant effect on Employee Performance through Organizational Commitment, Career Development has no significant effect on Employee Performance through Organizational Commitment, Work Engagement and Career Development contribute 66.8% to Organizational Commitment and Work Engagement, Career Development and Organizational Commitment contribute 69.6% to Employee Performance.
Strategi Adaptif dan Keberlanjutan Daya Saing UMKM: Tinjauan Sistematis atas Praktik Manajemen Strategis dan Pembelajaran Organisasi Ari Djanuar Prasetyo; Rina Ekawati
OPTIMAL Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/optimal.v6i1.10933

Abstract

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are widely recognized as critical drivers of economic growth and employment, particularly in developing countries. However, their capacity to sustain competitive advantage amid increasing market turbulence, digital disruption, and post-pandemic uncertainty remains a pressing concern in strategic management scholarship. Despite a growing body of literature on SME strategy and organizational learning, the integrative mechanism through which adaptive strategies translate into sustained competitive advantage—mediated by organizational learning—has not been systematically synthesized, especially in developing-country contexts. This study aims to: (1) identify dominant adaptive strategy patterns among SMEs, (2) examine the mediating role of organizational learning between adaptive strategy and competitive sustainability, and (3) identify contextual factors that moderate this relationship. Employing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) guided by the PRISMA 2020 protocol, 62 peer-reviewed articles indexed in Scopus and Web of Science (2015–2026) were synthesized from an initial pool of 1,284 articles through rigorous multi-stage screening and quality appraisal. Findings reveal that operational flexibility (34%) and product or service innovation (27%) are the most prevalent adaptive strategies, consistent with the prospector and analyzer orientations. Organizational learning—particularly ambidextrous learning—emerges as the strongest mediating mechanism linking adaptive strategy to competitive sustainability. Five contextual moderators are identified: market turbulence, business ecosystem support, organizational size, entrepreneurial orientation, and digitalization intensity. The study contributes an integrative conceptual model with five empirically testable propositions, offering both theoretical advancement and actionable guidance for SME practitioners and policymakers in developing economies.

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