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Majalah Kedokteran Bandung
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : 0126074X     EISSN : 23386223     DOI : 10.15395/mkb
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung (MKB)/Bandung Medical Journal publishes peer-reviewed original articles and case reports in basic medical research, clinical research, and applied medical science. This journal is published quarterly (March, June, September, and December) by Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran. Articles are original research that needs to be disseminated and written in English. All submitted manuscripts will go through the double-blind peer review and editorial review before being granted with acceptance for publication.
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Articles 639 Documents
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Kandungan Total Polifenol dan Aktivitas Antioksidan dari Ekstrak Metanol Akar Imperata cylindrica (L) Beauv. (Alang-alang) Dhianawaty, Diah; Ruslin, -
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 47, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Hipertensi disebabkan oleh banyak faktor, di antaranya aktivitas enzim konversi angiotensin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), dan reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ekstrak metanol akar Imperata cylindrica (alang-alang) terbukti mempunyai aktivitas antihipertensi. Studi menunjukkan berbagai terapi antioksidan dapat menurunkan tekanan darah. Senyawa polifenol dari tumbuh-tumbuhan mempunyai banyak manfaat, di antaranya sebagai antioksidan, oleh karena itu dilakukan studi ekperimental untuk mengukur kandungan polifenol total menggunakan metode spektrofotometri sinar tampak pereaksi Folin-Ciocalteu, dan uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode 1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH). Penelitian dilakukan periode Juli sampai Desember 2014. Hasilnya, ekstrak mempunyai kandungan total polifenol sebesar 1,53% ekivalen asam galat (EAG) dan aktivitas antioksidan IC50  sebesar 0,32 mg/mL. Senyawa fenol mempunyai kemampuan mendonorkan atom hidrogen pada radikal bebas DPPH yang menyebabkan DPPH tereduksi dan ditandai dengan perubahan warna DPPH dari ungu menjadi kuning. Dengan demikian, aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak metanol akar Imperata cylindrica didukung oleh senyawa polifenol. Simpulan, ekstrak mempunyai kandungan polifenol total 1,53% (EAG) dan aktivitas antioksidan IC50 0,32 mg/mL. Senyawa polifenol mendukung aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak. [MKB. 2015;47(1):60–4]Kata kunci: Aktivitas antioksidan, Imperata cylindrica, kandungan polifenol totalTotal Polyphenol Content and Antioxidant Activity of Methanol Extract of Imperata cylindrica (L) Beauv. (Alang-alang) RootHypertension is caused by many factors, including by the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), reactive oxygen species (ROS). Methanol extract of Imperata cylindrica (alang-alang) root has been proven as having anti-hypertensive activities. Study shows various antioxidant therapies can decrease blood pressure. Polyphenol compounds of plants have many benefits, including as an antioxidant. Therefore, an experimental study was performed to measure the total polyphenol content using visible spectrophotometry method-Folin-Ciocalteu reagent as well as to test the antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl-method 2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) from July to December 2014. The results showed that the extract had a total polyphenol content of 1.53% galad acid aquevalent (GAE) and antioxidant activity IC50 0.32 mg/mL. The polyphenol compounds have the ability to donate hydrogen atom to DPPH free radical, which leads to reduced DPPHmarked by the color change of DPPH from purple to yellow. Thus, antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Imperata cylindrica root was supported by the presence of polyphenol compounds. In conclusion, the extract has a total polyphenol content of 1.53% (GAE) and antioxidant activity IC50 0.32 of 0.32 mg/mL. The presence of polyphenol compounds supports the antioxidant activity of the extract. [MKB. 2015;47(1):60–4]Key words: Antioxidant activity, Imperata cylindrica, total polyphenol content DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v47n1.398   
DETEKSI KEBERADAAN NYAMUK BERDASARKAN KETINGGIAN GEDUNG DI KAWASAN KAMPUS UNIVERSITAS PADJADJARAN JATINANGOR Faridah, Lia; Leonita, Inggrid; Sari, Sri Yusnita Irda
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 50, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (280.427 KB) | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v50n1.1158

Abstract

Demam berdarah dengue (DBD) di Indonesia menurut data Kemenkes telah menjadi masalah kesehatan selama 45 tahun terakhir, sejak tahun 1968 sampai saat ini. Pada tahun 1973 dan 1983 progresivitasnya meningkat hingga lebih dari 50% kabupaten/kota telah terjangkit kasus DBD. Kabupaten Sumedang sendiri memiliki insidensi 63,75 per 1.000 penduduk dengan jumlah kasus DBD sekitar 715 kasus pada tahun 2012. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi persebaran nyamuk berdasarkan ketinggian gedung menggunakan media ovitrap dan mosquitoes light trap pada tujuh gedung bertingkat di kawasan kampus Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor yang memiliki ketinggian hingga level empat (9,1?12,0 m). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Mei?Juni 2017. Semua ovitrap diletakkan pada lokasi yang berpotensi sebagai breeding site di dalam ruangan selama satu minggu, tiap-tiap lantai terdapat tiga ovitrap dengan jarak antar ovitrap 1,5 m. Perangkap nyamuk diletakkan pada setiap sudut ruangan yang memiliki sumber arus listrik selama 24 jam dan pengumpulan sampel dilakukan dalam kurun waktu tiga hari berikutnya. Semua sampel kemudian diidentifikasi di Laboratorium Parasitologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor. Culex spp dan Aedes spp genus nyamuk yang dapat ditemukan pada gedung bertingkat di kawasan kampus Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor dengan jumlah terbanyak adalah Culex spp, sedangkan Aedes spp ditemukan dapat bertelur hingga tingkat tiga pada pemukiman yang padat.Kata kunci: Gedung bertingkat, genus, light trap, nyamuk, ovitrap Detection of Mosquito Presence based on Building Elevation in Universitas Padjadjaran JatinangorAccording to the Ministry of Health (KMoH), Dengue­ Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) has been a big problem in Indonesia  since 1968.  In 1973 and 1983, the progressivity of DHF has increased. DHF cases have spread to more than 50% of districts/cities.  Sumedang District has an incidence rate of 63.75 per 1,000 residents with the number of dengue cases of 715 in 2012. The purpose of this study was to evaluate of the presence of mosquito based on building elevation using ovitraps and mosquito light traps. A survey was conducted in seven locations with four different elevations (9.1?12.0 m)  in Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor campus during the period of May to June 2017.  All ovitraps were each placed in a potential location for mosquito breeding site for one week. For each elevation, in this case, each floor, three ovitraps were placed with a distance 1.5 m from each other. Modified mosquito light trap was turned on for 24 hours and sample collection was performed after three days. All samples were brought to the Parasitology Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjajaran for identification. This study showed that two genera of mosquitoes were identified i.e. Culex spp and Aedes spp with Culex spp as the most frequently found genera. The eggs of Aedes spp can be found up to the third floor  in dense settlements.Key words: Genera, high level building, light trap, mosquito, ovitrap
Kematian Akibat Pneumonia Berat pada Anak Balita Wulandari, Diah Asri; Sudarwati, Sri; Suardi, Adi Utomo; Ghrahani D. M., Reni; Kartasasmita, Cissy B.
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 45, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Pneumonia merupakan penyebab utama kesakitan dan kematian pada anak, terutama di negara berkembang. Angka kematian karena pneumonia di negara berkembang 10–15 kali lebih tinggi daripada di negara maju. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui angka kematian dan faktor risiko pada anak balita yang dirawat di rumah sakit karena pneumonia. Penelitian potong lintang ini dilakukan pada anak usia 1–59 bulan yang dirawat di Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung karena pneumonia periode November 2007─Januari 2009. Tiga ratus delapan belas anak ikut serta dalam penelitian ini. Usia median anak 11‚6 bulan, sebanyak 237 (74‚5%) di antaranya berusia ≤12 bulan. Sembilan puluh tiga (29‚2%) anak didiagnosis pneumonia sangat berat dan 225 (70‚8%) anak pneumonia berat. Dua puluh tiga (7‚2%) penderita meninggal selama perawatan, 20 di antaranya dirawat dengan pneumonia sangat berat (p<0,001; OR 20,274; 95%IK: 5,855–70,197). Kelainan jantung bawaan (p=0,002; OR 5,795; 95%IK: 2,115–15,407) dan leukositosis (≥15.500/mm3; p=0,002; OR 3,879; 95%IK: 1,547–9,727) berhubungan erat dengan kematian. Kuman patogen ditemukan pada 11 dari 23 penderita yang meninggal. Simpulan, kematian karena pneumonia berat masih cukup tinggi. Pneumonia sangat berat, kelainan jantung bawaan, dan leukositosis merupakan faktor risiko yang meningkatkan kematian anak balita dengan pneumonia. [MKB. 2013;45(1):50–5]Mortality Due to Severe Pneumonia in Under-Five Years Old ChildrenPneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children, mainly in developing countries with a 10–15 times higher mortality rate than developed countries. The aim of the study was to know the mortality rate and its risk factors among under five years old children who were hospitalized due to severe pneumonia. This cross-sectional study was conducted to 1 to 59 months old children with pneumonia at the Department of Pediatric Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung Hospital from November 2007 to January 2009. Three hundred and eighteen children were enrolled in this study. The median age was 11.16 months, and 237 (74.5%) were ≤12 months of age. Very severe pneumonia was diagnosed in 93 (29.2%) and severe pneumonia in 225 (70.8%) children. Twenty three (7.2%) children died during hospitalization, 20 were hospitalized with very severe pneumonia (p<0.001, OR 20.274, 95%CI: 5.855─70.197). Congenital heart disease (p=0.002, OR 5.795, 95%CI: 2.115–15.407) and leucocytosis (≥15,500/mm3, p=0.002, OR 3.879, 95%CI: 1.547–9.727) were significantly associated to the mortality. Pathogenic bacteria were identified in 11 of 23 patients. In conclusions, the mortality of severe pneumonia is still high. Very severe pneumonia, congenital heart disease and leucocytosis are factors that increase mortality among under-five years old children with pneumonia. [MKB. 2013;45(1):50–5] DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v45n1.140
HUBUNGAN ANTARA INDEKS MASSA TUBUH DENGAN JUMLAH CD4 PADA PENDERITA HIV YANG MENDAPAT PENGOBATAN ARV Miftahrachman, -; Wicaksana, Rudi
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 47, No 4 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Efek merugikan obesitas pada populasi umum dalam hubungannya dengan mortalitas dan morbiditas untuk terjadi penyakit kardiovaskular telah diketahui dengan baik, namun pada penderita HIV hubungan berat badan dengan morbiditas dan mortalitas penyakit tersebut masih perlu dikaji lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mencari hubungan antara IMT dan CD4. Uji potong lintang dengan pendekatan deskriptif analitik dari data sekunder rekam medik penderita HIV yang berobat ke poliklinik Teratai RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung pada tahun 2007?2011. Variabel yang diteliti adalah IMT dan jumlah CD4 (p=0,0001) dengan uji korelasi Spearman dan uji Kruskal Wallis. Dari 936 penderita HIV rata-rata IMT 19,4 dan jumlah CD4 rata-rata 151 sel/mm3 . Terdapat hubungan positif antara IMT dengan nilai CD4, dengan kekuatan hubungan kategori sedang (r=0,409). Dengan mengkategorikan IMT, didapatkan perbedaan rata-rata CD4 antara keempat kategori IMT tersebut (p=0,0001), nilai CD4 rata-rata dan rentangnya dari yang terendah sampai yang tertinggi berturut-turut: underweight: 75 (1?1.329), normoweight: 229 (4?1.047), overweight: 259 (2?1.275), obese: 447 (71?654). Peningkatan IMT berhubungan dengan peningkatan jumlah CD4, menggambarkan penurunan morbiditas, mortalitas serta risiko progresivitas HIV. [MKB. 2015;47(4):237?41] Kata kunci: CD4, HIV, indeks massa tubuh (IMT)Correlation between Body Mass Index and CD4 Level in HIV Patients with Antiretroviral TherapyThe adverse consequence of overweight and obese condition in major population related to it?s mortality and morbidity of specific diseases like coronary heart disease has been well known. However, in immunocompromised patients, in the context of body weight with it?s morbidity and mortality needs further examination. The objective of this research was to find out the relationship between BMI and CD4 level, which describes disease progressivity from HIV patients whom already had antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. We conducted cross sectional method with descriptive analytic from secondary data of medical records from HIV patients who came to Teratai Polyclinic of Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung from 2007 to 2011. From 936 HIV patients analyzed, median BMI was 19,4 with range between 12.1?36.2 kg/m2, median CD4 was 151 cells/mm3 with range between 1?1,329. The r value was 0.409, suggested positive correlation significance between BMI and CD4 value, CD4 value increased parallel with the increasing of BMI, with intermediate p value (p=0.0001). Since we categorized BMI, the median of CD4 between all categories (p=0.0001), range from the smallest to the highest was underweight:75 (1?1,329), normoweight: 229 (4?1,047), overweight: 259 (2?1,275), obese: 447 (71?654) cells/mm3, respectively. As conclusion, increasing of BMI related to enhancement of CD4 level, suggests reduction of HIV morbidity and mortality. [MKB. 2015;47(4):237?41]Key words: Body mass index (BMI), CD4, HIV DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v47n4.623
KORELASI JUMLAH FOLIKEL ANTRAL DENGAN KADAR 25(OH)D SERUM PADA PENDERITA SINDROM OVARIUM POLIKISTIK Mustari, Asri Dini; Rostini, Tiene; Indrati, Agnes Rengga; Bayuaji, Hartanto; Rachmayati, Sylvia
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 50, No 4 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (624.066 KB) | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v50n4.1469

Abstract

Sindrom ovarium polikistik (SOPK) ditandai oleh hiperandrogenisme, oligo atau anovulasi, dan morfologi ovarium polikistik. Penanda ovarium polikistik, yaitu terdapat ?12 folikel antral dengan diameter 2?9 mm pada pemeriksaan ultrasonografi. Vitamin D (25-hidroksivitamin D; 25(OH)D) berperan pada proses steroidogenesis di sel teka ovarium dan pengaturan ekspresi reseptor follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) di sel granulosa ovarium. Defisiensi 25(OH)D menyebabkan penurunan aktivitas FSH, sehingga folikel antral di ovarium berukuran kecil dan berjumlah banyak. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui korelasi jumlah folikel antral dengan kadar 25(OH)D serum pada penderita SOPK. Uji observasional analitik  dengan rancangan potong lintang di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Hasan Sadikin (RSHS) Bandung dilakukan selama bulan September 2017?Juni 2018. Subjek penelitian adalah 52 penderita SOPK yang telah didiagnosis oleh klinisi obstetri dan ginekologi RSHS Bandung. Pengambilan darah vena dilakukan untuk pemeriksaan kadar 25(OH)D serum dengan metode ELISA. Hasil penelitian ini mendapatkan 56% subjek memiliki kadar 25(OH)D serum ?20 ng/mL. Hasil uji korelasi Spearman didapatkan korelasi negatif kuat yang bermakna (r = -0,867, p<0,001) jumlah folikel antral dengan kadar 25(OH)D serum. Kadar 25(OH)D serum yang rendah pada penderita SOPK berkorelasi dengan jumlah folikel antral yang banyak. Terdapat korelasi negatif antara jumlah folikel antral dan kadar 25(OH)D serum pada penderita SOPK.  Kata kunci: Folikel antral, 25(OH)D serum, sindrom ovarium polikistik  Correlation between Antral Follicles Count and Serum 25(OH)D Levels in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome PatientsPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenism, oligo- or anovulation, and polycystic ovarian morphology. Vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D; 25(OH)D) plays a role in the steroidogenesis process in the ovarian theca cells and regulates follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor expression in granulosa cells. In 25(OH)D deficiency there is a decrease in FSH activity that the follicles become small and the antral follicles count in the ovary increases. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between antral follicles count and serum 25(OH)D levels in PCOS patients. A cross-sectional analytical observational study was conducted in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung in September 2017?June 2018. Subjects of this study were 52 PCOS patients diagnosed by obstetricians and gynecologists of the hospital. Blood vein samples were collected to examine serum 25(OH)D levels using ELISA method. Serum 25(OH)D level of ?20 ng/mL was found in 55.8% of the subjects in this study. Analysis using Spearman?s correlation test showed a significant negative correlation (r = -0.867, p <0.001) between antral follicles count and serum 25(OH)D level in patients with PCOS. Lower levels of 25(OH)D serum in PCOS patients correlates with higher number of antral follicles count. There is a negative correlation between antral follicles count and serum 25(OH) D level in PCOS patients.Key words: Antral follicle count, 25(OH)D serum levels, polycystic ovary syndrome 
Kadar Laktat Darah sebagai Prediktor Kontaminasi Bakteri pada Hernia Inguinalis Lateralis Strangulata Pratama, Anthony; Yarman, Haryono; Sulthana, Bambang A. S.
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 45, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Hernia inguinalis lateralis strangulata merupakan salah satu kasus akut abdomen yang harus segera ditangani. Hernia yang mengalami strangulasi akan mengalami kerusakan integritas sel dan barier mukosa usus sehingga terjadi kontaminasi bakteri. Selain itu, sel usus yang strangulasi akan mengalami metabolisme anaerob yang menyebabkan peningkatan kadar laktat darah. Oleh sebab itu dilakukan penelitian untuk menilai hubungan antara kadar laktat darah dan kontaminasi bakteri pada keadaan strangulasi hernia. Metode penelitian bersifat potong lintang, data prospektif, penderita dengan hernia inguinalis lateralis strangulata yang datang ke Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung periode Mei 2011–April 2012. Dilakukan pengukuran kadar laktat darah saat penderita datang dan cairan peritoneum yang berasal dari kantung hernia diambil saat operasi. Dilakukan analisis data dengan uji regresi logistik. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 30 orang, terdiri atas 28 lakilaki dan 2 perempuan. Usia rata-rata subjek penelitian 58,5±12,86 tahun. Nilai kadar laktat darah rata-rata 1,76±0,36 mmol/L. Hasil kultur kuman cairan peritoneum terbanyak Escherichia coli. Terdapat hubungan sangat kuat dan sangat bermakna antara kadar laktat darah dan kejadian kontaminasi bakteri, nilai r=0,817 dan p=0,007 (p<0,01). Simpulan, kadar laktat darah dapat dijadikan sebagai alat ukur untuk memperkirakan kontaminasi bakteri pada penderita hernia inguinalis lateralis strangulata. [MKB. 2013;45(1):44–9]Kata kunci: Hernia inguinalis lateralis strangulata, kadar laktat darah, kontaminasi bakteriBlood Lactate Levelas Predictor of Bacterial Contamination in Strangulated Groin HerniaStrangulated groin hernia is one of the acute abdomen and have to be treated immediately. Strangulated hernia will cause damage of cell integrity and barrier of intestinal mucous, which make bacterial contamination occur. Strangulated intestinal cells will have anaerobic metabolism which make the blood lactate level increased. Therefore study was conducted to know the correlation between blood lactate level and bacterial contamination in strangulated groin hernia. The study method was cross-sectional with prospective data, patients with strangulated groin hernia who came to Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung during May 2011–April 2012. Blood lactate level was measured when the patient came to hospital and the peritoneal fluid which came from the hernial sac was taken intraoperatively. The data were analyzed with regression logistic test. There were 30 subjects in this study, 28 males and 2 females. The average age was 58.5±12.86 years old. The average blood lactate level was 1.76±0.36 mmol/L. The most found bacterial culture was Escherichia coli. There was strong and very significance correlation between blood lactate level and bacterial contamination, r=0.817 and p=0.007 (p<0.01). In conclusion, blood lactate level can be a predictor for bacterial contamination occurrence in patient with strangulated groin hernia. [MKB. 2013;45(1):44–9]Key words: Bacterial contamination, blood lactate level, strangulated groin hernia DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v45n1.205
PERBANDINGAN LATIHAN KONTINU INTENSITAS SEDANG DAN LATIHAN INTERVAL INTENSITAS TINGGI TERHADAP KONTROL GLUKOSA DARAH Argarini, Raden; Atsari, Nadhila; Susanto, Hermawan
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 48, No 4 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (297.808 KB) | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v48n4.909

Abstract

Pencegahan diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) dapat dilakukan dengan memperbanyak latihan fisik. Latihan kontinu intensitas sedang (LKIS) dan latihan interval intensitas tinggi (LIIT) diketahui dapat meningkatkan kontrol glukosa pada orang dengan resistensi insulin/DMT2. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan efek LIIT dan LKIS pada orang sehat terhadap kontrol glukosa darah, yaitu glukosa darah puasa (GDP) dan tes toleransi glukosa oral (TTGO). Laki-laki (n=27), usia (20,07±0,62), IMT (23,94±3,59) kg/m2 berpartisipasi dalam kelompok LKIS, LIIT, atau kontrol. Latihan Ergocycle dilakukan 3 sesi/minggu selama 4 minggu; LKIS dengan total durasi 46 menit/sesi (intensitas sedang 50-60% denyut jantung cadangan [HRR] selama 40 menit); LIIT dengan total durasi 24 menit/sesi (6 siklus; 2 menit intensitas tinggi 80?90% HRR + 1 menit intensitas sedang 50?60% HRR). Kontrol tidak mendapat intervensi latihan. GDP dan TTGO (120? setelah beban glukosa) diperiksa 3 hari sebelum dan setelah program latihan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan GDP menurun pada semua kelompok, tetapi hanya LKIS yang menunjukkan penurunan signifikan (p=0,048). TTGO ditemukan tidak berubah di semua kelompok (p>0,05). LKIS memiliki potensi untuk meningkatkan kontrol glukosa darah pada subjek dewasa muda. Penelitian lanjutan dengan modifikasi dosis latihan diperlukan untuk mengetahui efek LIIT lebih lanjut. [MKB. 2016;48(4):194?9]Kata kunci: kontrol glukosa darah, latihan interval intensitas tinggi, latihan kontinu intensitas sedangComparison of Moderate Intensity Continuous Training and High Intensity Interval Training on Blood Glucose ControlAbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can be prevented by intensive physical exercise/training. Moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) are known to improve glucose control in people with insulin resistance and T2DM. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of MICT and HIIT in healthy people on blood glucose levels, which was measured through fasting blood glucose (FBG) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Healthy men (n=27), aged (20.07 ± 0.62), BMI (23.94 ± 3.59) kg/m2 participated in either MICT, HIIT, or Control group (n=9 each group). Ergocycle exercise were performed 3 times/week for 4 weeks; MICT with a total duration of 46 minutes/session (moderate intensity 50-60% heart rate reserve [HRR]) for 40 minutes); HIIT with a total duration of 24 minutes/session (6 cycles; 2 mins high intensity 80-90% HRR + 1 min moderate intensity 50-60% HRR). Controls did not receive any programmed training. FBG and OGTT (120? after glucose load) were checked 3 days before and after the exercise program. This study found that FBG decreased in all groups but only the MICT group showed a significant reduction (p=0.048). OGTT was found unaltered in all groups (p>0.05). MICT has the potential to improve blood glucose control in healthy young adult subjects. However, further research with exercise dose modification is required to elucidate the effects of HIIT. [MKB. 2016;48(4):194?9]Key words: Blood glucose control, high intensity interval training, moderate intensity continuous training
AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROB FRAKSI EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH PINANG (ARECA CATECHU L) PADA BAKTERI METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS Nursidika, Perdina; Saptarini, Opstaria; Rafiqua, Nurul
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 46, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Infeksi merupakan penyakit penyebab kematian di Indonesia. Salah satu penyebab perkembangan penyakit infeksi di Indonesia adalah resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotik standar. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) merupakan penyebab utama infeksi nosokomial dan komunitas.Telah dilakukan uji aktivitas antimikrob fraksi dari ekstrak etanol buah pinang (Areca catechu L) pada bakteri MRSA. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Stikes Jenderal Achmad Yani Cimahi, Laboratorium Farmakologi Institut Teknologi Bandung, dan Laboratorium Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Geologi Kelautan Bandung pada Mei?Juni 2011. Aktivitas antimikrobekstrak dan fraksi diuji menggunakan metode broth microdilution, bioautografi, dan scanning electron microscope (SEM). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa fraksi yang paling efektif ialah fraksi air dengan minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 256 µg/mL. Hasil bioautografi menunjukkan bercak kromatogram kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) yang memberikan hambatan terhadap bakteri uji adalah bercak dengan Rf 0,6. Bercak ini diduga merupakan senyawa fenolat karena memberikan hasil positif dengan penyemprotan FeCl3. Hasil SEM menunjukkan bakteri uji yang telah dipapar dengan tanaman uji diduga mengalami kerusakan pada membran atau bagian yang lebih dalam, sehingga sel bakteri menciut dan bergelembung hingga rusak.Simpulan, ekstrak etanol buah pinang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri MRSA. [MKB. 2014;46(2):94?9]Kata kunci: Aktivitas antimikrob, Areca catechu, microdilution, MRSA, SEM Antimicrobial Activity of Betel Nut Ethanolic Extract Fractions in Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureusInfection is the major cause of death in Indonesia. Antibiotic resistant is responsible for this progression. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is known as the main cause of nosocomial and community infections.The antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract fractions of betel nut (Areca catechu L) was studied on MRSA. The research was performed at the Microbiology Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Jenderal Achmad Yani University, Cimahi, the Pharmacology Laboratory of Bandung Institute of Technology, and Research and Development of Ocean Geology Laboratory in May?June 2011.The antimicrobial activities of the extract and fraction were tested by microdilution broth method, bioautography and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The most effective result showed by water fraction with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 256 µg/mL. Bioautography result showed a spot on thin layer chromatography (TLC) chromatogramof water fraction which inhibited the bacterial growth, which was the spot with Rf 0.6. The spot was suggested as a phenolic substance due to positive result to FeCl3. The electron microscope image showed the breakdown of membrane cell/inner site of bacteria which was exposed by betel nut extract and fractions in which the bacteria was shrinked, bubbled and broken.In conclusion, betel nut ethanolic extract has the ability to inhibit MRSA. [MKB. 2014;46(2):94?9]Key words: Antimicrobial activity, Areca catechu, microdillution, MRSA,SEM DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v46n2.280
PENGARUH PUASA TERHADAP KEJADIAN CONTRAST-MEDIA INDUCED NEPHROPATHY (CIN) PADA PEMERIKSAAN CT-SCAN SETELAH PEMBERIAN KONTRAS INTRAVENA Ruhimat, Undang; Kuntara, Atta; Togatorop, Mariana Rosalinda
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 49, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Pasien puasa sebelum dilakukan prosedur CT-scan dengan kontras untuk mencegah aspirasi yang mungkin terjadi akibat efek samping kontras. Puasa menyebabkan gangguan hidrasi ditambah dengan risiko nefropati yang diinduksi kontras contrast-media induced nephropathy (CIN). Peningkatan kreatinin setelah pemeriksaan dapat memprediksi timbulnya nefropati akibat kontras. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh puasa terhadap kejadian CIN. Penelitian merupakan studi deskriptif analisis dengan rancangan penelitian kasus kontrol. Subjek penelitian diambil melalui teknik consecutive random sampling pasien di Departemen Radiologi Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung dari bulan April?September 2012. Sebanyak 28 pasien dibagi 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok yang mengalami peningkatan kreatinin setelah penyutikan kontras dalam 48?72 jam sebagai kelompok kasus dan kelompok yang tidak mengalami peningkatan kreatinin setelah penyuntikan kontras sebagai kelompok kontrol.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada pasien puasa setelah dilakukan CT-scan dengan media kontras yang mengalami peningkatan kreatinin dan yang tidak mengalami peningkatan kreatinin (p=0,91). Terdapat hubungan usia dengan CIN pada pasien yang menjalani pemeriksaan CT dengan kontras intravena (p=0,008), dan tidak terdapat hubungan antara lama puasa dan CIN (p=0,967). Simpulan, tidak terdapat pengaruh kejadian CIN pada pasien yang menjalani pemeriksaan CT-scan dengan kontras intravena pada usia muda dan terdapat pengaruh pada usia lanjut. [MKB. 2016;49(1):55?60] Kata kunci: CT-scan, CIN, peningkatan kreatinin, puasa Effect of Fasting on the Contrast Media-Induced Nephropathy (CIN) Occurrence in CT Scan Examination after Intravenous Contrast Injection Fasting before contrast enhanced CT-scan procedure is applied to prevent aspiration that may occur as a side effect of intravenous contrast. Fasting causes hydration disruption with the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). Increased creatinine immediately after examination using contrast can predict the incidence of contrast nephropathy. The research subject was taken through consecutive random sampling technique at Department of Radiology Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung from April?September 2012. This descriptive analysis study with case-control study design aimed to determine the effect of fasting on the occurrence of CIN. Subjects were recruited through consecutive random sampling technique. A total of 28 patients were divided into 2 groups: group experienced an increase in creatinine after contrast injection within 48?72 hours as the case group and the group that did not experience an increase in creatinine after intravenous contrast injection as the control group. Results showed no significant differences between fasting patients who experienced increased creatinine and who did not experience increased creatinine (p=0.910) after a CT scan with contrast medium There was a relationship between age and CIN in patients undergoing CT-scan with intravenous contrast (p=0.008) and there was no relationship between long fasting and CIN (p=0.967). It is concluded statistically that fasting in patients undergoing CT-scan with intravenous contrast at a young age does not affect the incidence of CIN; however, effect is seen in elderly patients. [MKB. 2016;49(1):55?60]Key words: CT scan, CIN, fasting, increased creatinine
VALIDITAS PEMERIKSAAN COMPLEX SPECIFIC ANTIGEN MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS REGION OF DIFFERENCE 1‒3 METODE RAPID IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHY PADA SPUTUM PENDERITA TUBERKULOSIS PARU Gustiani, Nenny; Parwati, Ida; Tjandrawati, Anna; Lismayanti, Leni
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 46, No 4 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Tuberkulosis (TB) paru merupakan masalah kesehatan global. Diagnosis tuberkulosis paru saat ini berdasarkan pemeriksaan mikroskopis basil tahan asam (BTA) pada sputum dengan pewarnaan Ziehl Nelseen, namun sensitivitasnya rendah. Pemeriksaan antigen TB metode rapid immunochromatography (ICT) adalah suatu tes yang cepat, mudah, praktis, dan tidak memerlukan keterampilan khusus. Tes ini mendeteksi antigen yang disekresi Mycobacterium tuberculosis yaitu early secretory antigenic target 6 kDa protein (ESAT6), culture filtrate protein (CFP10), dan Mycobacterium protein tuberculosis (MPT64) yang disandi oleh gen region of difference (RD)1, RD2, dan RD3. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui validitas antigen TB ICT dalam mendiagnosis tuberkulosis paru. Penelitian dilaksanakan September 2012?Maret 2013 di Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Bentuk penelitian adalah observasional deskriptif dengan rancangan penelitian potong lintang dan analisis uji diagnostik. Setiap spesimen sputum dilakukan pemeriksaan mikroskopis BTA dan antigen TB rapid ICT. Biakan M. tuberculosis pada medium Ogawa digunakan sebagai standar baku emas. Tes niasin dilakukan pada koloni yang tumbuh. Didapatkan 149 subjek penelitian, kelompok usia terbanyak pada usia 30?39 tahun. Hasil pemeriksaan biakan didapatkan 56 sampel tumbuh, 86 tidak tumbuh, dan 7 terkontaminasi. Sensitivitas dan spesifisitas pemeriksaan antigen TB rapid ICT masing masing adalah 95,7% dan 87,2%. Simpulan, pemeriksaan antigen TB rapid ICT mempunyai validitas yang tinggi, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pemeriksaan laboratorium untuk diagnosis TB paru. Kata kunci: Antigen TB rapid ICT, biakan M. tuberculosis, medium Ogawa, mikroskopis BTAValidity of Complex Specific Antigen Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Region of Difference 1?3 Examination Using Rapid Immunochromatography Method in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patient Sputum AbstractPulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is still a global health problem. The diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is based on sputum smear microscopy for acid fast bacilli (AFB) using Ziehl-Neelsen staining. However, this method has low sensitivity. Tuberculosis antigen immunochromatographyrapid test (ICT) is a quick, easy, and practical test which does not require special skills. This test is used to detect the antigen secretion of early secretory antigenic target 6 kDa protein (ESAT6), culture filtrate protein (CFP10)and Mycobacterium protein tuberculosis (MPT64) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis which are encoded by the region of difference (RD) 1, RD2 and RD3 genes. The aim of this study was to determine the validity of TB antigen for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. The study was conducted during the period of September 2012 to March 2013 in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital (RSHS) Bandung. This study is a descriptive observational study using cross sectional approach and validity analysis. From September 2012 until March 2013 there were 149 subjects, in which the dominant age group was 30?39 years. All the specimens were cultured on Ogawa medium as the gold standard and niasin tests were performed on all positive cultures. The TB antigen rapid ICT and sputum smear microscopy AFB were done on all the samples. From 149 subjects, 56 were positive, 86 were negative and 7 were contaminated. The sensitivity and specificity of TB antigen rapid ICT were 95.7% and 87.2%, respectively. In conclusion, TB antigen rapid ICT has a high validity which can be used as alternative laboratory tests for screening in patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis.Key words: AFB smear, M. tuberculosis culture, Ogawa medium, TB antigen rapid ICT DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v46n4.344

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