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Majalah Kedokteran Bandung
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : 0126074X     EISSN : 23386223     DOI : 10.15395/mkb
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung (MKB)/Bandung Medical Journal publishes peer-reviewed original articles and case reports in basic medical research, clinical research, and applied medical science. This journal is published quarterly (March, June, September, and December) by Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran. Articles are original research that needs to be disseminated and written in English. All submitted manuscripts will go through the double-blind peer review and editorial review before being granted with acceptance for publication.
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Articles 651 Documents
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Efikasi Terapi Kombinasi Salep Kalsipotriol 0,005% dan Klobetasol Propionat 0,05% Dibanding Klobetasol Propionat 0,05% pada Psoriasis Vulgaris Indriyani, Dian; Sutedja, Endang; Suwarsa, Oki
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 42, No 1
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Psoriasis adalah penyakit eritropapuloskuamosa kronik residif. Obat yang paling sering digunakan untuk terapi penyakit ini adalah kortikosteroid topikal, tetapi penggunaan jangka panjang dapat menyebabkan berbagai efek samping. Kalsipotriol merupakan obat topikal selain kortikosteroid yang memiliki efek samping yang lebih ringan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan skor psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) sebelum dan sesudah pengobatan dengan kombinasi salep kalsipotriol 0,005% dengan salep klobetasol propionat 0,05% dan monoterapi salep klobetasol propionat 0,05% pada penderita psoriasis vulgaris. Skor psoriasis area severity index (PASI), digunakan untuk mengukur berat ringannya psoriasis dan mengevaluasi perbaikan lesi. Desain penelitian adalah uji klinik dengan rancangan acak secara double blind. Uji Mann-Whitney dan Wilcoxon digunakan untuk menganalisis data skor PASI sebelum dan sesudah pengobatan. Penelitian dilakukan di poliklinik I.K. Kulit danKelamin RS. Hasan Sadikin Bandung dari bulan November 2007- Januari 2008 dengan subjek penelitian sebanyak 44 orang yang dibagi dalam dua kelompok. Derajat keparahan penyakit dinilai dengan skor PASI yang dinilai sebelum, satu minggu, dan dua minggu setelah pengobatan. Kesimpulan: Penggunaan terapi kombinasi salep kalsipotriol 0,005% dan klobetasol propionat 0,05% selama dua minggu memiliki efikasi yang lebih baik dibandingkan monoterapi salep klobetasol propionat 0,05%, secara statistik sangat bermakna (p<0,001).Efficacy Combination Therapy of 0.005% Calcipotriol and 0.05% Clobetasol Propionat Compared to 0.05% Clobetasol Propionat Ointment in Psoriasis VulgarisPsoriasis is a chronic relapsing erythropapulosquamous skin disease. Topical corticosteroid is the most common treatment for psoriasis, but it can cause many side effect on longterm used. Calcipotriol ointment is the other topical treatment for psoriasis and has minimal side effect. The study was a double blind randomized clinical trial, compared psoriasis area and severity index score before and after treatment combination therapy of 0.005% calcipotriol ointment 0.05% and clobetasol propionat ointment with 0.05% clobetasol propionat alone. Psoriasis area severity index (PASI) score was used to evaluate severity degree and imprvoment of psoriasis. Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon test were used for statistical analysis of PASI score before and after treatment. Study was conducted at Dermatology and Venereology outpatient Department of Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung period November 2007 to January 2008 with fourty four psoriasis vulgaris patients were enrolled in this study, divided into two groups. The assesment of the severity of skin lesions psoriasis area and severity index was performed at baseline, after one week and two weeks treatment. Conclusion: the use of daily 0.005% calcipotriol ointment combined with 0.05% clobetasol propionate. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v42n1.4
PENCEGAHAN DAN PENATALAKSANAAN INFEKSI HIV/AIDS PADA KEHAMILAN Suhaimi, Donel; Savira, Maya; Krisnadi, Sofie R.
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 41, No 2
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh infeksi virus human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). AIDS dikarakteristikkan sebagai penyakit imunosupresif berat yang sering dikaitkan dengan infeksi oportunistik dan tumor ganas serta degenerasi susunan saraf pusat. Penyebaran HIV ini berkembang dengan cepat dan mengenai wanita dan anak-anak. AIDS menyebabkan kematian lebih dari 20 juta orang setahun. Tahun 2003 diperkirakan 700.000 bayi baru lahir terinfeksi HIV di seluruh dunia. Angka morbiditas dan mortalitas yang disebabkan oleh HIV semakin meningkat dan merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang paling penting di semua negara. Penggunaan obat antivirus seperti highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) dan persalinan berencana dengan seksio sesaria telah menurunkan angka transmisi perinatal mother to child trasmission (MTCT) penyakit ini dari 30% menjadi 20%. Manejemen antenatal, persalinan, dan perawatan pascasalin yang terkontrol dengan baik pada ibu hamil dengan HIV dapat mencegah transmisi perinatal.Kata kunci : AIDS, HAART, MTCTPREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF HIV INFECTION (AIDS) IN PREGNANCYAcquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease which caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Characteristic of AIDS is due to severe immunosupresive disease which related to opportunistic infection, malignant tumour and central nervous system degeneration. HIV spread widely and mostly infect women and children. Mortality rate of AIDS are more than 20 million people per year. In 2003, 700,000 newborn were infected by HIV in the world. Morbidity and mortality rate of HIV are highly increase dan become an important public health problem in all around the world. Using of antiviral drugs like highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and ceasarean labor has decreased the perinatal transmission (mother-to-child trasmission=MTCT) rate of this disease from 30% to 20%. The intensive control in management of antenatal care, labor and delivery for the pregnant women with HIV can prevent the perinatal transmission.Key words: AIDS, HAART, MTCT DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v41n2.184
Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion pada Bayi Kurang Bulan dan Cukup Bulan Rahayuningsih, Sri Endah; Garna, Herry
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 43, No 4
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Bayi kurang bulan adalah bayi yang lahir dengan usia kehamilan kurang dari 37 minggu. Dibandingkan dengan bayi yang lahir normal, bayi kurang bulan memang cenderung bermasalah. Dengan prematurnya masa gestasi, maka dapat menyebabkan ketidakmatangan pada semua sistem organ, termasuk organ kardiovaskular. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui fungsi ventrikel kanan yang diukur dengan metode tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) serta fungsi ventrikel kiri dengan metode fraksi ejeksi dan fraksi pemendekan yang dilakukan dengan ekokardiografi pada bayi kurang bulan. Subjek penelitian ini bayi cukup bulan dan kurang bulan yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, yaitu bayi sesuai masa kehamilan berusia 3–30 hari. Penelitian merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan rancangan potong lintang yang dilakukan di Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RS Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung, selama Juli–Oktober 2010 dengan analisis statistik menggunakan perhitungan uji t, korelasi rank Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan antara fungsi ventrikel kanan yang diukur dengan metode TAPSE bayi kurang bulan dan bayi cukup bulan (p=0,006). Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara fraksi ejeksi bayi kurang bulan dan cukup bulan (p=0,22) dan fraksi pemendekan rata-rata pada bayi kurang bulan dan bayi cukup (p=0,20). Simpulan penelitian ini, ditemukan perbedaan fungsi ventrikel kanan yang diukur dengan TAPSE pada bayi kurang bulan lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan bayi cukup bulan. [MKB.2011;43(4):178–82].Kata kunci: Bayi cukup bulan, bayi kurang bulan, ekokardiografi, fungsi ventrikel kanan, TAPSETricuspidAnnular Plane Systolic Excursion in Preterm and Term BabiesA preterm infant is a baby born with gestational age less than 37 weeks. Preterm babies tend to have problems compared to normal ones. Premature gestational age might result in immaturity of all organ systems of the body including cardiovascular organs. The aim of this study was to find out the right ventricle function by tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and left ventricle by ejection fraction and shortening fraction using echocardiography on preterm babies. The subject of this study were term and preterm babies who fulfilled the inclusion criteria: appropiate gestational age babies 3–30 days old. This was an analytic descriptive study with cross-sectional method held in Department of Child Health Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung during July–October 2010, and statistical analysis using t–test Spearman rank correlation test. The result of the study showed that the right ventricle function examined by TAPSE method was different on preterm compared to term babies(p=0.006). No significant difference was found in the ejection fraction between preterm and term babies (p=0.22) and so did the shortening fraction (p=0.20). It was concluded that there is a difference in the right ventricle function by TAPSE method between preterm (lower) and term babies. [MKB. 2011;43(4):178–82].Key words: Echocardiography, preterm baby, right ventricle function, TAPSE, term baby DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v43n4.66
PREVALENSI KECACINGAN PADA MURID SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI DI DESA CIHANJUANG RAHAYU PARONGPONG BANDUNG BARAT Silitonga, Mettison M.; Sudharmono, Untung; Hutasoit, Masta
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 41, No 2
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Penyakit infeksi akibat cacing usus di Indonesia masih cukup tinggi. Hal ini berhubungan dengan kurang diperhatikannya pola perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat. Penyakit cacing dapat mengganggu pertumbuhan anak dan menghambat prestasi belajar murid sekolah dasar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh data prevalensi kecacingan pada murid Sekolah Dasar Negeri di Desa Cihanjuang Rahayu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode epidemiologik observasional dengan bentuk dan rancangan prevalensi selektif. Objek penelitian ini adalah sampel tinja murid-murid SD Kelas III hingga Kelas V dari empat SD yang berbeda selama 25-27 juni 2008. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan purposive sampling design. Sampel tinja diperiksa menggunakan teknik sediaan tebal atau teknik Kato. Dari 142 sampel yang diperiksa, ditemukan 22 sampel yang positif mengandung telur atau larva cacing, yaitu: >12 sampel mengandung cacing A. lumbricoides, 7 sampel mengandung cacing T. trichiura, 1 sampel mengandung E. vermicularis, dan 2 sampel mengandung cacing tambang. Prevalensi kecacingan pada murid SDN di Desa Cihanjuang Rahayu adalah 15,5%. Angka ini menunjukkan bahwa ada sebanyak 15,5% murid-murid SDN terinfeksi atau mengidap penyakit cacing.Kata kunci: Prevalensi, cacing usus, SDN, Cihanjuang RahayuPREVALENCE OF HELMINTHIC DISEASE AMONG GOVERNMENT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS AT CIHANJUANG RAHAYU VILLAGE PARONGPONG, WEST BANDUNGThe prevalence of helminthic disease in Indonesia is still high. This is due to the negligence of healthy life style. Helminthic disease may disrupt physical growth and development of a child and even lowers his intellectual ability. The purpose of this research was to measure the prevalence rate of helminthic disease among Government Elementary School Students in Cihanjuang Rahayu Village. The research was conducted by using observational epidemiologic method. The object of the research was the stool of third to fifth grade pupils from four different elementary schools during 25-27 june 2008. The sample was chose by using purposive sampling design and the stool was observed with Kato technique. From 142 samples, it was found out that 22 samples were positive with egg and larva of helminth, which further classification as follows: A. limbriocoides, T. trichiura, E. Vermicularis, and N. americanus/A. duododenale were found in 12, 7, 1, and 2 samples, respectively. The prevalence of helminthic disease among government elementary students in Cihanjuang Rahayu village was 15.5 percent. This number shows that there are 15,5 percent students infected by helminthic disease.Key words: Prevalence, helminthes, elementary school, Cihanjuang Rahayu DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v41n2.260
Hubungan Cedera Servikal dengan Fraktur Depresi Tulang Frontal pada Cedera Kepala Ringan Arifin, Muhammad Zafrullah; Gunawan, Wienorman
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 43, No 3
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Pemahaman mekanisme cedera kepala penting dalam menentukan pola cedera secara anatomis. Fraktur depresi tulang frontal terjadi bila terdapat gaya mekanis yang cukup kuat pada kepala. Dalam hal ini pada aksis fleksi dan ekstensi. Gerakan fleksi ekstensi berlebihan dilaporkan berhubungan dengan cedera servikal. Penelitian analitik retrospektif di Departemen Bedah Saraf RS Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung periode Januari 2008–Desember 2009 ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan cedera servikal dengan fraktur depresi tulang frontal pada penderita cedera kepala ringan. Uji statistik menggunakan chi-kuadrat dan Pearson correlation. Didapatkan 354 kasus cedera kepala ringan dengan 17 (4,8%) kasus fraktur depresi tulang frontal, 14 (3,9%) kasus cedera servikal termasuk satu kasus dengan keduanya. Mekanisme cedera kepala terbanyak adalah kecelakaan bermotor, terjatuh dari ketinggian, dan benturan benda tumpul di bagian kepala. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan hubungan signifikan fraktur depresi tulang frontal dengan cedera servikal (p=0,000). Tidak didapatkan hubungan penggunaan helm dengan risiko cedera servikal (p=0,157). Simpulan, fraktur depresi tulang frontal pada kasus cedera kepala ringan merupakan indikator adanya cedera servikal. [MKB. 2011;43(3):122–7].Kata kunci: Cedera kepala ringan, cedera servikal, fraktur depresi tulang frontalCorrelation of Cervical Injury to Frontal Depressed Fracture in Mild Head InjuryAn understanding of head injury mechanism has a major role in predicting the anatomical injury. Frontal depressed fracture occurs if a substantial force is applied to the head. In this case, the flexion and extension axis. Overflexion and over-extension movement was reported to have correlation with cervical injury. This study was to find out the correlation cervical injury and frontal depresses fracture in mild head injury cases. A retrospective analytic study was carried out, chi-square and Pearson correlation test were performed using records of patients consulted to Neurosurgery Department of Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital in January 2008–December 2009. There were 354 cases of mild head injury with 17 (4.8%) cases of frontal depressed fracture, 14 (3.9%) cervical injuries, included one with both. The cause of the trauma were riding motorcycle, fell from height, and blunt trauma to the head. The statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between cervical injury and frontal depressed fracture (p=0.000). There was no correlation between helmet utilization and risk of cervical injury (p=0.157). In conclusion, fracture in mild head injury cases is an indicator of cervical injury. [MKB. 2011;43(3):122–7].Key words: Cervical injury, mild head injury, frontal depressed fracture DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v43n3.57
Kualitas Spermatozoa Tikus Jantan yang Diberi Tepung Kedelai Kaya Isoflavon Astuti, Sussi
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 41, No 4
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Spesies oksigen reaktif (ROS) adalah radikal bebas yang berperan penting pada beberapa proses fisiologis spermatozoa. Spermatozoa membutuhkan ROS pada level rendah untuk menginduksi proses tersebut sehingga fertilisasi dapat berlangsung. Komponen bioaktif isoflavon yang terkandung dalam kedelai berperan sebagai penangkap radikal bebas, menghambat pembentukan peroksida lipid, serta mencegah kondisi stres oksidatif pada jaringan yang memproduksi spermatozoa. Dua puluh lima ekor tikus jantan strain Sprague Dawley umur 21 hari dibagi dalam lima kelompok dan mendapat perlakuan tepung kedelai kaya isoflavon secara oral dengan berbagai tingkatan dosis isoflavon selama dua bulan. Tikus betina strain Sprague Dawley umur 21 hari digunakan untuk mengobservasi fertilitas tikus jantan. Ransum basal kasein tikus jantan dan betina disusun isonitrogen dan isokalori dengan kadar protein 10%. Angka konsepsi dan jumlah fetus dievaluasi pada tikus betina yang dikawinkan dengan tikus jantan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian tepung kedelai kaya isoflavon pada berbagai tingkatan dosis tidak berpengaruh terhadap abnormalitas spermatozoa. Pemberian tepung kedelai kaya isoflavon dengan dosis isoflavon tertinggi (6 mg/ekor/hari) mengakibatkan kasus infertilitas tikus jantan. Dosis isoflavon 1.5 mg/ekor/hari merupakan dosis optimum, mengakibatkan: meningkatnya berat testis, motilitas spermatozoa dan konsentrasi spermatozoa. Kesimpulan: Pemberian tepung kedelai kaya isoflavon pada dosis isoflavon 1.5 mg/ekor/hari dapat meningkatkan kualitas spermatozoa tikus jantan. [ .Kata kunci: Tepung kedelai kaya isoflavon, kualitas spermatozoa The Effects of Isoflavone-riched Soybean Flour on The Quality of Spermatozoa of Male RatsReactive oxygen species (ROS) are free radicals that play a significant role in many of the sperm physiological processes. Spermatozoa need low amounts of endogenous ROS to inducing that processes for acquisition of spermfertilizing ability. Isoflavone as the active compound in soybean can act as scavenger free radicals, prevent formation of lipid peroxide, and prevent of oxidative stress condition on the tissue that produce spermatozoa. Twenty five males of Sprague Dawley weaning rats (21 days old) were divided into five groups and treated with isoflavone-riched soybean flour by oral administration with different levels (dosage) for 2 months. Conception rate and the number of fetus were evaluated on the mated-female rats. Diet was given as isonitrogen and isocaloric with 10% of dietary protein from casein for male and female rats. Result indicated that the treatment didn't affect significantly on spermatozoa abnormality. The treatment of isoflavone-riched soybean flour on male rats with highest dosage (6 mg isoflavone/day) resulted in infertility. The optimum dosage of isoflavone was 1.5 mg/day and resulted in increase of relative of weight testes, higher motility rate and sperm concentration of rat testes. Conclusion : Isoflavone-riched soybean flour treatment with 1.5 mg/day dosage of isoflavone improved the quality of spermatozoa of male rats.Key words: Isoflavone-riched soybean flour, quality of spermatozoa DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v41n4.251
Radiasi Eksternal Karsinoma Nasofaring sebagai Penyebab Gangguan Dengar Sensorineural Haryanto, Rakhmat; Saefuddin, Ongka M.; Boesoirie, Thaufiq S.
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 42, No 3
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Radiasi berperan penting pada pengobatan kanker kepala leher karena reseksi bedah sering tidak memungkinkan, tetapi menimbulkan efek samping gangguan dengar sensorineural. Penelitian observasional rancangan longitudinal ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh radiasi terhadap gangguan dengar sensorineural penderita karsinoma nasofaring di Bagian THT-KL Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin Bandung periode Februari–Agustus 2006. Didapatkan 28 laki-laki dan 7 perempuan, yang satu atau kedua telinganya tidak terganggu pendengaran sensorineural, usia 12–72 tahun, dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Seluruh penderita mendapat radiasi dan pemeriksaan audiometri serta timpanometri sebelum, durante 2.000 cGy, 6.600 cGy, dan satu bulan pascaradiasi. Data dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji Chi-kuadrat, Mc-Nemar, dan eksak Fisher. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kejadian gangguan dengar sensorineural durante 2.000 cGy adalah 7 kasus (10%), 6.600 cGy 22 kasus (31,4%), dan pascaradiasi 24 kasus (34,3%). Hubungan antara durante 6.600 cGy dan 2.000 cGy pada kelompok preradiasi normal sangat bermakna (p=0,001), sedangkan antara pascaradiasi dan durante 6.600 cGy tidak bermakna (p= 0,5). Pada usia >30 tahun gangguan dengar sensorineural 37,0% durante 6.600 cGy (p=0,031) dan 40,7% pascaradiasi (p=0,018). Simpulan, radiasi karsinoma nasofaring dapat menyebabkan gangguan dengar sensorineural selama dan pascaradiasi, serta usia >30 tahun merupakan faktor prognosis gangguan dengar sensorineural. [MKB. 2010;42(3):108-14].Kata kunci: Gangguan dengar sensorineural, karsinoma nasofaring, radiasiNasopharyngeal Carcinoma External Radiation As Causal of Sensorineural Hearing LossRadiation has an important role on nasopharyngeal carcinoma therapy because surgery is often difficult, however it cause sensorineural hearing loss as side effect. Longitudinal observational study was conducted to know the effect of radiation on sensorineural hearing loss of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients at Ear, Nose, and Throat Department, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, February-August 2006. Twenty eight male and 7 female, with no sensorineural hearing loss in one or both ears, age 12–72 years, and met inclusion criteria, were included in this study. All patients received >radiation and underwent audiometry and tympanometry prior-,during-radiation with a 2.000 cGy and 6,600 cGy, and one month postradiation. Data was analyzed using Chi-square, Mc-Nemar, and exact Fisher test. The results showed that incidence of sensorineural hearing loss were 7 cases (10%) on 2,000 cGy, 22 cases (31.4%) on 6,600 cGy, and 24 cases (34.3%) on postradiation. The relationship between duration 6,600 cGy and 2,000 cGy in the normal preradiation group were significant (p= 0.001), whereas postradiation and duration with 6,600 cGy was not significant (p= 0.5). Sensorineural hearing loss on >30 years was 37.0% on duration 6,600 cGy (p=0.031) and 40.7% postradiation (p=0.018). In conclusion, radiation on nasopharyngeal carcinoma can induce sensorineural hearing loss during- or postradiation and age >30 years is prognostic factor for sensorineural hearing loss. [MKB. 2010;42(3):108-14].Key words: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, radiation, sensorineural hearing loss
Pengaruh Hiperglikemia dan Vitamin E pada Kadar Malonaldehida dan Enzim Antioksidan Intrasel Jaringan Pankreas Tikus Suarsana, I Nyoman; Utama, Iwan H.; Agung, I Gusti; Suartini, Ayu
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 43, No 2
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Pencegahan kerusakan jaringan pankreas akibat radikal bebas pada kondisi hiperglikemia kronik sangat penting dan vitamin E dapat bertindak sebagai pemusnah radikal bebas dalam mencegah perkembangan diabetes melitus. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengamati pengaruh vitamin E pada kondisi hiperglikemia pada aktivititas enzim superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), dan kadar malondialdehyde (MDA) pada jaringan pankreas tikus. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Biokimia Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana, tahun 2010. Sebanyak 15 ekor tikus putih jantan strain Spraque Dawley umur 3 bulan digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Tikus percobaan dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok kontrol negatif (K0), kelompok tikus hiperglikemia (K1), serta kelompok tikus hiperglikemia dan diberi vitamin E dosis 7 mg/200 g bb/hari (K2). Kelompok hiperglikemia diberi larutan 50% glukosa, dosis 1,5 cc/ekor per oral dua kali sehari. Perlakuan diberikan selama 1 bulan. Kadar glukosa darah diperiksa menggunakan metode biosensor glukosa oksidase. Enzim SOD, GPx, dan MDA dianalisis menggunakan metode spektrofotometri. Kadar glukosa darah perlakuan K2 sebesar 153,5±8,2 mg/dL tidak berbeda (p>0,05) bila dibandingkan dengan perlakuan K1 sebesar 154,1±5,7 mg/dL. Aktivitas SOD perlakuan K2 sebesar 43,21±3,32 U/g lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan K1 sebesar 31,99±3,55 U/g (p<0,05). Aktivitas GPx perlakuan K2 sebesar 10,44±0,54 U/g tidak berbeda bermakna (p>0,05) bila dibandingkan dengan perlakuan K1 sebesar 9,39±0,59 U/g. Kadar MDA perlakuan K2 sebesar 20,27±0,87 pmol/g lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan perlakuan K1 sebesar 25,24±0,82 pmol/g (p<0,05). Simpulan, kadar SOD dan GPx rendah, sedangkan kadar MDA tinggi pada pankreas tikus dalam kondisi hiperglikemia. Pada tikus hiperglikemia yang diberi vitamin E, aktivitas SOD dan GPx tinggi, sedangkan kadar MDA rendah. [MKB. 2011;43(2):72–6].Kata kunci: Enzim antioksidan, hiperglikemia, pankreas tikus, vitamin EHiperglycemic and Vitamin E Effect on Malondialdehyde and Antioxidant Intracellular Enzyme in Rat Pancreatic TissuePrevention of pancreatic tissue damage by free radicals under conditions of hyperglycemia chronic would be important and vitamin E can act as scavengers of these oxygen radicals in preventing the development of diabetes mellitus. This study aims was to evaluate the effect of vitamin E on the hyperglycemia conditions on the blood glucose, enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in rat pancreatic tissue. Research conducted at the Laboratory of Biochemistry Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Udayana University, in 2010. A total of 15 male rats white of strains Spraque Dawley old 3 months used in this study. All of rats were divided into three groups. Negative control group (K0), group of rats hyperglycemia (K1), and group of hyperglycemia and given vitamin E dose of 7 mg/200 g bw/day (K2). Hyperglycemia group was given 50% glucose solution doses of 1.5 cc/head orally twice daily. Treatment was conducted for 1 month. Blood glucose level was measured by using glucose oxidase biosensor method. Pancreatic SOD, GPx activities, and MDA levels were measured by using spectrophotometric methods. Blood glucose levels in the K2 treatment of 153.5±8.2 mg/dL was not significantly different (p>0.05) when compared with the K1 treatment of 154.1±5.7 mg/dL. Activities of SOD enzymes in the K2 treatment of 43.21±3.32 U/g higher than the K1 treatment of 31.99±3.55 U/g (p<0.05). Activities of GPx enzymes in the K2 treatment of 10.44±0.54 U/g was not significantly different (p>0.05) when compared with K1 treatment of 9.39±0.59 U/g. MDA level in the K2 treatment of 20.27±0.87 pmol/g lower than the K1 treatment of 25.24±0.82 pmol/g (p <0.05). In conclusion, SOD and GPx enzymes levels are low whereas MDA level is high in the rat pancreatic under conditions of hyperglycemia. The hyperglycemic rat by treatment with vitamin E shows high SOD and GPx levels and low MDA levels. [MKB. 2011;43(2):72–6].Key words: Enzyme antioxidant, hyperglycemia, pancreatic rat, vitamin E DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v43n2.46
NONTHYROIDAL ILLNESS (NTIs) Nanny Natalia Mulyani Soetedjo
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 41, No 3
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Nonthyroidal Illness (NTIs) didefinisikan sebagai keadaan didapatkan fungsi tiroid yang abnormal tanpa ditemukan gangguan pada aksis hipotalamus-hipofise, juga tidak ada gangguan pada kelenjar tiroidnya. NTIs ditemukan pada penderita dengan sakit berat, dan biasanya fungsi tiroid akan membaik sejalan dengan kesembuhan penyakit dasarnya. Macam-macam gangguan fungsi tiroid sangat bervariasi, mulai dari rendahnya kadar triiodotironin serum (T3) dan meningkatnya reverse T3 (rT3). Sejalan dengan beratnya penyakit dasarnya maka sering juga mengakibatkan gangguan pada thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), tiroksin (T4), dan free T4 (fT4). NTIs semakin berat terjadi saat kedua hormon T3 dan T4 ditemukan menurun dan secara perlahan-lahan akan meningkat sejalan dengan kesembuhan penyakitnya. Sampai saat ini masih menjadi perdebatan apakah perlu atau tidak diberikan hormon pengganti tiroid. Masih diperlukan studi prospektif dengan jumlah pasien yang besar mengenai penggunaan hormon pengganti ini. Oleh karena itu perlu untuk memahami fisiologi dan patofisiologi NTIs sehingga kita dapat memahami kapan menggunakan hormon pengganti tiroid.Kata kunci: NTIs, fungsi tiroid, hormon pengganti tiroidNONTHYROIDAL ILLNESS (NTIs)Nonthyroidal illness (NTIs) can be described as abnormal findings on thyroid function tests that occur in the setting of a nonthyroidal illness (NTI) without preexisting hypothalamic-pituitary and thyroid gland dysfunction. After recovery from an NTI, these thyroid function test result abnormalities should be completely reversible. Multiple alterations in serum thyroid function test findings have been recognized in patients with a wide variety of NTI without evidence of preexisting thyroid or hypothalamic-pituitary disease. The most prominent alterations are low serum triiodothyronine (T3) and elevated reverse T3 (rT3), leading to the general term low T3 syndrome. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), and free T4 also are affected in variable degrees based on the severity and duration of the NTI. It cannot diagnosed NTIs only by measure one thyroid hormone. As the severity of the NTI increases, both serum T3 and T4 levels drop and gradually normalize as the patient recovers. It's still be an argument for administration of replacement T3 and T4 hormone in patients with NTIS. However, it is impossible to be certain at this time that it is beneficial to replace hormone, or whether this could be harmful. Only a prospective study will be adequate to prove this point, and probably this would need to involve hundreds of patients. Ongoing studies document the beneficial effects of replacement of other hormones in these acutely and severely ill patients.Key words: NTIs, thyroid function, hormone replacement DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v41n3.246
Karakteristik dan Faktor Risiko Obstetrical Brachial Plexus Palsy pada Bayi Baru Lahir Handoyo, Andreas Vincent; Ismiarto, Yoyos Dias
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 42, No 2
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Obstetrical brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) merupakan cedera sebagian/seluruh plexus brachialis akibat proses kelahiran. Insidensi di negara berkembang berkisar 0,15%. Faktor risiko meliputi intrapartum dan intrauterin. Dibedakan tiga jenis OBPP yaitu Duchenne Erb, Klumpke, dan whole arm palsy. Penelitian bersifat retrospektif, melihat karakteristik dan faktor risiko terjadinya OBPP di RS. Hasan Sadikin, Bandung, periode Januari 2002-April 2007. Data diperoleh dari catatan medik bagian perinatologi, kemudian dilakukan analisis binary logistic regression. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan insidensi OBPP 0,141%, seluruhnya Erb palsy dan kehamilan tunggal. Sebanyak 68,75% presentasi belakang kepala, 50% lahir spontan, 18,75% disertai meconeal staining, 62,5% berat lahir ≥3.500 g, 56,25% laki-laki, 68,75% asfiksia, 12,5% distosia bahu, dan 6,25% fraktur klavikula. Faktor risiko yang bermakna adalah presentasi kaki (OR 9,357; 95%CI), letak lintang (OR 5,136; 95%CI), ekstraksi vakum (OR 5,240;95%CI), ekstraksi forseps (OR 4,320; 95%CI), ekstraksi bokong/kaki (OR 14,411; 95%CI), berat lahir 3.500- 3.999 g (OR 4,571; 95%CI), berat lahir ≥ 4.500 g (OR 57,759; 95%CI), asfiksia (OR 5,992; 95%CI) dan asfiksia berat (OR 6,094; 95%CI). Sectio Cesarea cenderung protektif {OR 0,244; 95%CI; p=0,062 (>0,05)}. Pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa faktor risiko yang terutama berperan adalah presentasi kaki, ekstraksi bokong, dan berat lahir >4.500 g.Characteristics and Risk Factors of Obstetrical Brachial Plexus Palsy in Newborn BabyObstetrical brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) is an injury of entire or part of brachial plexus correlated with delivery process. Incidence in developing countries is around 0.15%. Risk factors include intrapartum and intrauterine. Three types of OBPP are Duchenne Erb, Klumpke, and whole arm palsy. This was a retrospective study of characteristic and risk factors of OBPP in Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, period January 2002-April 2007. Data were collected from perinatology ward medical records, and analyzed using binary logistic regression. OBPP incidence was 0.141%. All were Erb palsy and single pregnancy, 68.75% were head-occiput posterior presentation, 50% were spontaneous birth, 18.75% had meconeal staining, 62.5% had birth weight ≥3,500 g, 56.25% were male, 68.75% asphyxia, 12.5% shoulder dystocia, and 6.25% clavicle fracture. Risk factors significantly correlated were foot presentation (OR 9.357; 95%CI), transverse fetal position (OR 5.136; 95%CI), vacuum, forceps, breech/foot extraction (OR 5.240;95%CI, 4.320; 95%CI, 14.411; 95%CI, respectively), birth weight 3,500-3,999 g (OR 4.571;95%CI), birth weight ≥4,500 g (OR 57.759; 95%CI), asphyxia (ORs 5.992; 95%CI), and severe asphyxia (OR 6.094; 95%CI). Sectio cesarea tend to have protective effect {OR 0.244; 95%CI; p=0.062 (>0.05)}. The important risk factors of OBPP are foot presentation, breech/foot extraction, and birth weight >4,500 g.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v42n2.9

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