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Majalah Kedokteran Bandung
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : 0126074X     EISSN : 23386223     DOI : 10.15395/mkb
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung (MKB)/Bandung Medical Journal publishes peer-reviewed original articles and case reports in basic medical research, clinical research, and applied medical science. This journal is published quarterly (March, June, September, and December) by Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran. Articles are original research that needs to be disseminated and written in English. All submitted manuscripts will go through the double-blind peer review and editorial review before being granted with acceptance for publication.
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Articles 651 Documents
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Comparison of Interpretation between Pyrosequencing and Xpert MTB/RIF Assay in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Linda Choerunnisa; Coriejati Rita; Anna Tjandrawati; Lidya Chaidir; Ida Parwati
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 52, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v52n4.2141

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases in the world. Rapid molecular test using the Xpert MTB/RIF assay is one of the detection methods for MDR-TB. Early detection of MDR-TB is crucial for early initiation of treatment. However, Xpert MTB/RIF assay only detects the rpoB gene mutations associated with Rifampicin resistance. Recently, WHO recommends the use of Pyrosequencing, a DNA sequencing method that can detect not only the rpoB gene but also katG and/or inhA gene mutations associated with Isoniazid resistance. The aims of this study were to compare the interpretation between the two methods  and to determine the differences in codon mutation position detection of the rpoB gene and mutation detection of the katG and/or inhA gene. This was a cross-sectional comparative observational study on patients ≥18 years old interpreted as RR-TB patients based on Xpert MTB/RIF assay results who had not received MDR-TB drugs at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia. Results showed there were 40 Rifampicin-resistant TB subjects interpreted by Xpert MTB/RIF assay while Pyrosequencing interpreted 30 MDR-TB, 9 RR-TB and one Isoniazid-resistant TB subjects in January - February 2020. The detection of rpoB gene codon mutation position between Xpert MTB/RIF assay and Pyrosequencing methods was not significantly different (p=0.389). Pyrosequencing had detected 27 katG gene mutations, 3 inhA gene mutations, one katG and inhA gene mutation. To conclude, Pyrosequencing can be used for accurate detection of Rifampicin and Isoniazid resistance in MDR-TB. Perbandingan Hasil Interpretasi antara Pyrosequencing dengan Xpert MTB/RIF Assay pada Multidrug-Resistant TuberculosisIndonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan kasus multidrug-resistant tuberculosis terbanyak. Penegakan diagnosis MDR-TB saat ini menggunakan tes cepat molekular Xpert MTB/RIF assay sehingga pasien segera mendapatkan pengobatan. Namun Xpert MTB/RIF assay hanya mendeteksi mutasi gen rpoB penyandi resistansi Rifampisin. World Health Organization merekomendasikan Pyrosequencing, metode sequencing nukleotida yang dapat mendeteksi mutasi gen rpoB, gen katG dan/atau inhA penyandi resistansi Isoniazid. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan apakah kedua alat ini memberikan hasil interpretasi yang sama, apakah ada perbedaan deteksi posisi mutasi kodon gen rpoB dan apakah ditemukan mutasi gen katG dan/atau inhA. Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional komparatif dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien usia ≥18 tahun yang diinterpretasi RR-TB berdasarkan Xpert MTB/RIF assay di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung dan belum mendapat pengobatan. Xpert MTB/RIF assay menginterpretasi 40 subjek Rifampicin-resistant TB sedangkan Pyrosequencing menginterpretasi 30 subjek MDR-TB, 9 subjek RR-TB dan satu subjek Isoniazid-resistant TB pada bulan Januari-Februari 2020. Deteksi posisi mutasi kodon gen rpoB antara Xpert MTB/RIF assay dan Pyrosequencing tidak berbeda bermakna (p=0,389). Pyrosequencing mendeteksi 27 mutasi gen katG, 3 mutasi gen inhA, satu mutasi gen katG dan inhA. Kesimpulan, Pyrosequencing dapat digunakan untuk deteksi resistansi Rifampisin dan Isoniazid pada MDR-TB secara lebih akurat.
Relationship between Maternal Vitamin D Level and Small for Gestational Age Infant in West Java, Indonesia Setyorini Irianti; Raden Tina Dewi Judistiani; Sylvia Rachmayati; Jusuf Sulaeman Effendi; Budi Setiabudiawan
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 52, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Small for gestational age (SGA) infants is one of the unfavorable outcomes of pregnancy that needs to be prevented. There are not many studies available on the association of maternal vitamin D levels during pregnancy and SGA infants. This study aimed to discover the association between maternal vitamin D level and SGA infants in West Java. A cohort study was performed from February 2018 to January 2019 by recruiting 304 pregnant women in Bandung, Cimahi, Waled, and Sukabumi, West Java Province, Indonesia. Of that number, 203 women were followed until the delivery date. Data were collected from the results of serial ultrasonography examinations and maternal vitamin D level measurements. Bivariate analysis and logistic regression were then performed to determine the relationship between variables. This study showed that 30 of 203 (14.78%) infants were born as SGA infants. The mothers of these SGA infants had a lower maternal vitamin D level at the beginning of the second trimester and smaller anthropometric measurements at the beginning of the third trimester. However, no significant difference was found between normal infants and SGA infants when the overall values for all trimesters were compared. It can be inferred that the maternal vitamin D level has a negative relationship with SGA infants in West Java, Indonesia. Further studies are required to prove the relationship between maternal vitamin Dl level and SGA infants.Hubungan Kadar Vitamin D Ibu dan Bayi Kecil Masa Kehamilan di Jawa BaratBayi kecil masa kehamilan (KMK) adalah luaran kehamilan yang perlu dicegah. Informasi tentang hubungan kadar vitamin D ibu dengan kejadian bayi KMK di Indonesia masih terbatas. Kadar vitamin D dan karakteristik ibu diduga berpengaruh dalam kejadian bayi KMK. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan kadar vitamin D ibu dengan kejadian KMK pada bayi. Studi kohort dilakukan dari Februari 2018 hingga Januari 2019 dengan merekrut 304 ibu hamil di Bandung, Cimahi, Waled, dan Sukabumi, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Indonesia.  Dari jumlah 203 orang diantaranya berhasil diikuti sejak trimester satu hingga persalinan dan terpilih menjadi  subjek penelitian kasus kontrol. Pemeriksaan ultrasonografi, kadar vitamin D dan hemoglobin ibu dilakukan serial tiap trimester. Dilakukan analisis bivariat dan regresi logistik untuk menentukan hubungan antar variabel yang diteliti. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan sebanyak 30 dari 203 (14,78%) persalinan  dengan luaran bayi KMK.  Bayi KMK cenderung  mempunyai riwayat kadar vitamin  D yang lebih rendah pada awal trimester kedua dan hasil antropometri yang lebih rendah pada awal trimester tiga, namun secara statistik tidak berbeda signifikan. Simpulan penelitian ini bahwa kadar vitamin D ibu hamil memiliki korelasi negatif dengan bayi KMK. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk membuktikan hubungan antara kadar vitamin D ibu dan bayi KMK. 
Correlation Between Blood Glucose and Estradiol Levels in Women in Reproductive Age David Lionardi; Chrismis Novalinda Ginting; Linda Chiuman
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 52, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v52n3.2079

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by an increase in blood sugar caused by decreased insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells and/or impaired insulin function (insulin resistance). This study aimed to determine the specific levels of estradiol hormone in reproductive age women with diabetes mellitus in different age groups. This was an analytical study in  September at Royal Prima Hospital, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Twenty women participated in this study after informed consent and were divided into two age groups: 40–45 years old and 46–50 years old.  Blood samples were collected after 10-12 hours of fasting to assess blood sugar and estradiol hormone levels. Data were then analyzed using the dependent t-test dependent and compared. No significant difference in blood sugar level was found between the two age groups (p-value=0.113, p-value> 0.05) that there were no significant differences in blood sugar levels between the two age groups. The estradiol hormone level in the age group 40-45 years was lower than in the age group 46–50 years, and the difference was significant (p-value =0.000, p-value<0.05). No significant correlation was seen between type 2 DM and estradiol hormone level in this study. In conclusion, age is not the main contributing factor for the increase and decrease in blood sugar level, and type 2 DM does not correlate with estradiol hormone. Hubungan Antara Kadar Glukosa Darah dengan Kadar Estradiol Pada Masa ReproduktifDiabetes mellitus (DM) Tipe 2 adalah penyakit gangguan metabolik yang ditandai oleh kenaikan gula darah akibat penurunan sekresi insulin oleh sel beta pankreas dan atau ganguan fungsi insulin (resistensi insulin). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kadar hormon estradiol wanita reproduktif yang menderita diabetes mellitus pada kelompok usia yang berbeda. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik yang dilakukan di bulan September di Rumah Sakit Royal Prima, North Sumatera, Indonesia. Sebanyak 20 wanita berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini setelah mendapat persetujuan dan dibagi atas dua kelompok usia, 40–45 tahun dan 46–50 tahun. Sampel darah diambil setelah 10-12 jam puasa untuk menilai kadar gula darah dan hormon estradiol. Data kemudian dianalisis menggunakan t-test dependent dan dibandingkan. Tidak ada perbedaan kadar gula darah yang signifikan antara kedua kelompok usia (p=0.113; p>0.05) sehingga tidak ada perbedaan kadar gula darah yang bermakna antara kedua kelompok tersebut. Kadar hormon estradiol pada kelompok usia 40–45 tahun memiliki kadar estadiol lebih rendah dibanding dengan kelompok usia 46–50 tahun. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara DM tipe 2 dan hormon estradiol yang bermakna pada  penelitian ini.. Simpulam, bahwa usia bukan merupakan faktor penyebab utama peningkatan dan penurunan kadar gula darah dan DM tipe 2 tidak berhubungan dengan hormon estradiol.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Fungsi Paru Pada Pekerja Pabrik Pupuk X Di Palembang Raden Ayu Tanzila; Ernes Putra Gunawan; Aisyah Khairani
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 53, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v53n1.2219

Abstract

Fertilizer industry workers are at risk of developing lung function disorders, especially from exposure to ammonia and urea dust. This study aimed to determine the vital lung capacity of workers at Fertilizer Factory X, Indonesia, and the influencing factors. This was a cross-sectional analytic observational study on 78 workers who work as an ammonia unit operators in the factory area who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sampling was done consecutively from December 2019 to January 2020. Data were collected using a questionnaire while the pulmonary function measurement was performed using spirometry. Research variables included age, length of work, smoking habits, nutritional status, use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), and assessment of vital lung capacity. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test and the results showed that the vital lung capacity of most respondents was classified as normal (55.1%). There were significant relationships between vital capacity and risk factors for age (p=0.001), length of work (p=0.009), use of PPE (p=0.012), and smoking habits (p=0.020). It is concluded that there is a relationship between vital capacity and age, length of work, use of PPE, and smoking habits in workers of Fertilizer Factory X, Indonesia.
Gallic Acid Content and Antioxidant Activity of Pomegranate Peel Ethanol Extract Diah Dhianawaty; Latifah Rahman Nurfazriah; Andri Rezano
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 52, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v52n4.2108

Abstract

Ethanol extract of Pomegranate peel is proven to have the ability to inhibit the proliferation of cervical cancer HeLa cells. It was reported that this extract contains ellagic acid, gallic acid, and punicalagin which are identified as major effectors of antitumor activity. Gallic acid has been demonstrated to have an antioxidant activity that can influence cancer cell proliferation. The aim of the study was to identify the gallic acid content in pomegranate peel ethanol extract and to measure its antioxidant. This study was an experimental study performed at the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory and Central Laboratory of Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung, Indonesia during September-December 2019. Gallic acid concentration was measured by using a high-performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC) and the antioxidant activity was measured by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The extract contained 616.97 mg/kg of gallic acid with an antioxidant activity of IC50 6.1 µg/mL. In conclusion, gallic acid has cytotoxic and antitumor effects from its ability to modulate antioxidant/pro-oxidant balance and inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, both gallic acid content and antioxidant activity parameters can be used as markers in pomegranate peel extract which shows activities that inhibit HeLa cell proliferation. Kandungan Asam Galat dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Kulit DelimaEkstrak etanol kulit buah delima terbukti dapat menghambat proliferasi sel kanker serviks (sel HeLa). Ekstrak ini telah dilaporkan mengandung asam ellagat, asam galat, dan punicalagin yang diidentifikasi sebagai  efektor utama dari aktivitas anti-tumor. Berdasarkan pernyataan sebelumnya, pemeriksaan ekstrak akan dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi salah satu senyawa tersebut yaitu asam galat. Aktivitas antioksidan dapat mempengaruhi proliferasi sel kanker, oleh karena itu, akan ditentukan pada ekstrak. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Biokimia dan Biologi Molekuler dan Laboratorium Sentral Universitas Padjadjaran periode September-Desember 2019. Kandungan asam galat diukur dengan metode kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi (KCKT) dan aktivitas antioksidan diukur dengan metode 1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH). Ekstrak mengandung asam galat 616,97 mg/kg dan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan IC50 6,1 μg/mL. Berdasarkan aktivitasnya, asam galat mempunyai efek sitotoksik dan antitumor yang dihasilkan oleh kemampuannya untuk memodulasi keseimbangan antioksidan/pro-oksidan dan menghambat spesies oksigen reaktif. Aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat dari ekstrak juga disebabkan oleh adanya asam galat; asam galat dikenal sebagai antioksidan kuat. Antioksidan mampu melindungi sel normal dengan menurunkan level ROS, sehingga memproteksi sel dari kerusakan. Dengan demikian, kedua parameter tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai bagian dari penanda untuk ekstrak kulit delima yang mempunyai aktivitas menghambat proliferasi sel HeLa.
Effect of Exercise Duration on Klotho and GluN2B Gene Expressions in Hippocampus of Wistar Rats with Moderate Intensity Exercise Hanna Goenawan; Bela Ita Karina; Titing Nurhayati; Julia Windi Gunadi; Setiawan Setiawan; Ronny Lesmana
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 52, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v52n3.2026

Abstract

Exercise could delay the degeneration process by increasing Klotho, which is an endogen antioxidant. Klotho protects against oxidative damages, regulates hippocampal synaptic plasticity, and enhances GluN2B expression. This study aimed to analyze the effect of 14-day and 8-week moderate-intensity exercise on Klotho and GluN2B mRNA expressions in rat hippocampus. This study was an animal experimental study using Wistar rats that was performed from June to September 2019 at the Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia. Rats were divided into 4 groups: control (14-day control and 8-week control) and exercise group (14-day exercise and 8-week exercise).  The exercise groups ran at a moderate intensity (20m/min) for 30min/day, 5x/week. Hippocampus was then subjected to klotho and GluN2B gene expression analysis. The exercise groups showed a higher Klotho expression, both in 14 days (0.844±0.124 vs. 1.057±0.013) and 8 weeks (0.897±0.072 vs. 1.380±0.168) although statistically insignificant (p=0.24). No difference in GluN2B gene expression was observed between control and exercise groups on 14 days (1±0.09 vs. 1.22±0.09) and 8 weeks (1.24±0.03 vs. 1.38±0.05; p=0.11). In conclusion, 14-day and 8-week moderate-intensity exercise did not alter Klotho and GluN2B expressions in rat hippocampus. Pengaruh Durasi Olahraga terhadap Perubahan Ekspresi Gen Klotho dan GluN2B di Hipokampus Tikus Galur Wistar yang Mendapatkan Perlakuan Lari Intensitas SedangOlahraga dapat menghambat proses degenerasi saraf dengan meningkatkan salah satu antioksidan endogen, yaitu Klotho. Klotho dapat melindungi sel neuron dari kerusakan oksidatif dan meningkatkan sinaptik plasticity pada hipokampus.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh olahraga lari pada hewan coba pada 14 hari dan 8 minggu terhadap perubahan ekspresi gen Klotho and GluN2B di hipokampus. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni hingga September 2019 di Laboratorium Sentral Universitas Padjadjaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan tikus jantan galur wistar. Tikus dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol. Olahraga dilakukan dengan treadmill tikus, kecepatan 20m/min, 30 menit perhari selama 5 kali perminggu. Kemudian, mRNA otak digunakan untuk PCR dengan menggunakan primer klotho dan GluN2B. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p=0.24) pada ekspresi gen Klotho pada 14 hari (0.844±0.124 vs 1.057±0.013) dan 8 minggu (0.897±0.072 vs 1.380±0.168) antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok lari. Ekspresi gen dari GluN2B juga tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan (p=0.11) pada 14 hari (1±0.09 vs 1.22±0.09)  dan 8 minggu (1.24±0.03 vs 1.38 ± 0.05). Simpulan, bahwa 8 minggu olahraga tidak meningkatan ekspresi Klotho dan GluN2B yang signifikan
White Turmeric Rhizome Protection Effect of against Lung Tissue Damage in Copper Sulfate-Induced Wistar Rats Linda Chiuman; Fahrul Azmi Tanjung; Djamin Djamin
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 53, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v53n1.2211

Abstract

One of common heavy metals that pollute rivers in Indonesia is copper, which can damage various organs, including the lungs. As a potential natural herbal medicine, white turmeric rhizome has antioxidant properties that potentially protect the body from copper pollution. This study aimed to explore the potential of the white turmeric rhizome (Curcuma zedoaria) to provide a protective effect on the lungs against copper contamination. This study was an experimental study performed in June 2020 on 25 copper-induced Wistar rats which were divided into five groups: negative group that received 1 ml of copper sulfate suspension at the 12th to 14th day; positive group that received 10 mg/200 g BW of ethanol extract from white turmeric without copper sulfate suspension; and three experimental groups that received 10 mg/200 gBW, 20 mg/200 gBW, and 40 mg/200 gBW of ethanol extract from white turmeric every day, respectively, followed by copper sulfate suspension at the 12th–14th day. After 14 days, the rats were sacrificed by chloroform inhalation and the lung was excised and processed for histopathology preparation. The edema, hemorrhage, leukocyte infiltration, and alveolar septal thickness were evaluated from the lung tissue perparation. The score of tissue damage was express as median (Range) and analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The result of this study shows that there was a significant difference in lung tissue score among all groups of treatment (p-Value=0.001). The experimental group with highest dosage extract presented a good protection effect as well as the positive group. Hence, white turmeric has a good protective property for the lung against damages caused by copper contamination.
Nuclei DNA Damage Due to Extreme High-Temperature Exposure during Forensic Identification Examination Ahmad Yudianto; Masniari Novita; Ariyanto Wibowo; Fery Setiawan
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 52, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v52n4.2143

Abstract

Accurate personal identification is important in investigations because an error in the identification process may bring fatal consequences during trial. The most common identification process is the Deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA] analysis. Degraded DNA sample due to extremely high-temperature exposure may limit DNA analysis. This study aimed to analyze DNA damage patterns caused by an extremely high temperature using STR (short tandem repeat) CODIS marker. This study was conducted at the Forensic and Medicolegal Department, Laboratorium Balai Besar Kesehatan Surabaya, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, Human Genetic Study Group of Universitas Airlangga, and Faculty of Science and Technology of Universitas Brawijaya Malang from July until October 2009. Results of PCR visualization using STR CODIS for costae demonstrated that the THO1 detection (+) in 1,2500C - 40’: 25% and the TPOX detection (+) in 1,0000C - 30’: 50% whereas the results from molar teeth showed that the THOI locus detection (+) in 1,2500C - 30’: 25% and TPOX in 1,0000C - 40’: 50%. Results for PCR visualization using mini-STR CODIS for the costae presented that the mini-THOI in 1,2500C - 20’: 50% (+) while for the molar tooth the mini-THOI in 1,2500C - 30’ : 25% (+) and mini-TPOX in 1,0000C - 40’ : 50% (+). All loci were detected on costae and second molar teeth samples of the control group. Thus, extreme high-temperature exposure significantly decreased the DNA level of second costae and second molar tooth. Sequence patterns of STR loci successfully detected were TPOX, THO1, and CSF1PO.Kerusakan DNA Inti Karena Paparan Suhu Tinggi Selama Proses Identifikasi ForensikIdentifikasi melalui DNA secara tepat penting dalam penyelidikan karena kesalahan akan berakibat fatal selama proses persidangan. Salah satu keterbatasan adalah DNA yang terdegradasi karena paparan suhu yang sangat tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pola kerusakan DNA akibat suhu sangat tinggi menggunakan penanda CODIS STR (short tandem repeat). Penelitian dilakukan di Instalasi Kedokteran Forensik, Laboratorium Kemenkes, Human Genetic Study Group, dan Universitas Brawijaya Malang pada periode Juli sampai Oktober 2009. Visualisasi PCR menggunakan STR CODIS untuk costae adalah sebagai berikut: deteksi THO1 (+) pada 12500C - 40’: 25%, deteksi TPOX (+) pada 10000C - 30’: 50%, sedangkan hasil dari gigi molar adalah sebagai berikut: THOI locus detection (+) di 12500C - 30’: 25% dan TPOX di 10000C - 40’: 50%. Hasil visualisasi PCR menggunakan mini-STR CODIS untuk costae adalah sebagai berikut: mini-THOI pada 12500C - 20’: 50% (+) dan untuk gigi molar: mini-THOI pada 12500C-30': 25% (+ ) dan mini-TPOX di 10000C - 40’ : 50%  (+). Semua lokus terdeteksi pada kelompok kontrol pada sampel costae dan gigi molar kedua. Kesimpulannya, paparan suhu tinggi yang ekstrim secara signifikan menurunkan tingkat DNA kosta dan gigi molar kedua. 
Hubungan Persentase Sel Leukosit Polimorfonuklear dalam Cairan Serebrospinal dan Luaran Pasien Meningitis Tuberkulosis di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung Amanda Widayanti; Ahmad Rizal Ganiem; Ida Parwati
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 52, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v52n4.1563

Abstract

Tuberculous (TB) meningitis is the most severe type of extrapulmonary TB with high morbidity and mortality rates. Many factors affect patient outcome, including the intracranial inflammation process. In acute inflammation, recruitment of a high number of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells can cause edema which may eventually increase the intracranial pressure. This increase in intracranial pressure may lead to functional decline, disability, and even death. This study aimed to explore the association between the PMN percentage in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and TB meningitis patient outcome as measured by the Glasgow Outcome Scale at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, which is a tertiary hospital in Indonesia. This was a retrospective cohort study using patient medical record data from 2017. All TB meningitis patients over 18 years old were included. Patients with missing PMN results in medical record were excluded, which led to a total 88 subjects participating in this study. Variables analyzed were PMN percentage in CSF and patient outcome that were categorized as poor, moderate, and good. Analysis were performed using theKruskal-wallis test. An increase in PMN median as the patient outcome declined were observed, but the association between the PMN percentage in CSF and patient outcome was insignificant (p=0.186). Hence,  no association between PMN percentage in CSF and TB meningitis patient outcome was identified in this study. Hubungan Persentase Sel Leukosit Polimorfonuklear dalam Cairan Serebrospinal dan Luaran Pasien Meningitis Tuberkulosis di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin BandungMeningitis tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan merupakan jenis TB ekstraparu paling berat dengan morbiditas dan mortalitas tinggi. Berbagai faktor memengaruhi luaran pasien, salah satunya proses inflamasi intrakranial. Pada inflamasi akut, terjadi peningkatan sel polimorfonuklear (PMN) dan bila dalam jumlah tinggi dapat menimbulkan efek edema yang meningkatkan tekanan intrakranial. Peningkatan tekanan intrakranial ini menyebabkan penurunan fungsi otak, disabilitas, bahkan kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan persentase PMN dalam cairan serebrospinal (CSS) dan luaran Glasgow Outcome Scale pada pasien meningitis TB di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Penelitian ini merupakan studi retrospektif cohort menggunakan data rekam medik tahun 2017. Kriteria inklusi adalah pasien terdiagnosis meningitis TB dan berusia ≥18 tahun. Kriteria eksklusi adalah data rekam medik yang tidak lengkap untuk hasil PMN. Variabel yang diteliti adalah persentase PMN dan luaran pasien yang dikategorikan menjadi GOS buruk, sedang, dan baik kemudian dianalisis dengan uji Kruskal-wallis. Didapatkan 88 subjek yang memenuhi syarat. Terdapat peningkatan median PMN seiring derajat perburukan luaran namun hasil analisis menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara PMN dan luaran GOS pasien (p=0,186). Simpulan, tidak terdapat hubungan antara persentase PMN dalam CSS dengan luaran GOS pasien meningitis TB.
Correlation Between HbA1c and Albuminuria in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Jesika Merlin; Pusparini Pusparini
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 52, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v52n3.2013

Abstract

In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM), glycemic control plays an essential role in reducing macro- and microvascular complications. The earliest marker for diabetic nephropathy is the presence of albuminuria. Meanwhile, HbA1c  has been recognized as a marker of glycemic control in the blood. This study aimed to identify the correlation between HbA1c and albuminuria in type 2 DM. This was a cross-sectional study involving 100 patients with type 2 DM aged 40–70 years visiting Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Secondary data from medical records of type 2 DM patients undergoing HbA1c and albuminuria examinations from January to December 2015 were used. The mean age of subjects was 55.4 ±8.7 years, with the majority (55%) being of female gender. The mean HbA1c concentration was 9.8±2.4%. Most subjects (83%) had an HbA1c level of ≥7 %. Albuminuria was found in the majority of the subjects (78%), where 33% of them had positive  1 albuminuria. The Spearman correlation test showed a positive strong significant correlation between HbA1c and albuminuria, with r=0.865 and p<0.001. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant correlation between HbA1c and albuminuria in type 2 DM.Korelasi HbA1c dan Albuminuria pada Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Pada penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DM tipe 2), kontrol glikemik memegang peranan penting untuk menurunkan komplikasi makrovaskular dan mikrovaskular. Petanda awal terjadinya nefropati diabetik adalah adanya albuminuria. HBA1c merupakan petanda untuk mengetahui kontrol glikemik didalam darah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui korelasi antara HbA1c dengan albuminuria pada  DM tipe 2. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang, mengikutsertakan 100 penderita DM tipe 2 berusia 40–70 tahun di Rumah Sakit Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dari rekam medis penderita DM tipe 2 yang melakukan pemeriksaan HbA1c dan albuminuria pada bulan Januari 2015 sampai dengan Desember 2015. Rerata usia subjek adalah 55,47±8,7 tahun dengan subjek terbanyak berjenis kelamin perempuan (55%). Rerata kadar HbA1c berkisar 9,8±2,4 %. Sebagian besar subjek mempunyai kadar HbA1c ≥7 % yaitu 83%. Albuminuria dijumpai pada sebagian besar subjek yaitu 78% dan sebagian besar subjek mempunyai albuminuria positif 1, yaitu 33 %. Hasil uji korelasi Spearman menunjukkan terdapat korelasi positif kuat yang bermakna antara HbA1c dengan albuminuria dengan nilai r=0,865 dan p<0,001. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan terdapat korelasi yang bermakna antara HbA1c dan albuminuria pada DM tipe 2.

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