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BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology

biotropia
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Published by Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology

ISSN : 02156334 EISSN : 1907770X DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb

Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary

BIOTROPIA, The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, is a scientific publication of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) – Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (BIOTROP). It publishes articles in the broad areas of tropical ecosystems and environmental impacts, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development and biotechnology.

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)

Articles 10 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol. 27 No. 1 (2020): BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 1 April 2020" : 10 Documents clear

Population Structure, Dispersion Pattern and Seedling Growth of Gewang Palm (Corypha utan Lam.) in Timor Island, Indonesia Kusuma, Yayan Wahyu Candra; Witono, Joko Ridho
BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 1 (2020): BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 1 April 2020
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Food insecurity has been reported to be the top most concern in East Nusa Tenggara (Timor Island) compared to that in other provinces in Indonesia. The use of local species as food sources is one possible arm in the fight against food insecurity. Gewang (Corypha utan Lam.) is a palm species which produces starch similar to the true sago palm (Metroxylon sagu). Although it is important to promote the species as a starch crop, information on its current population and seedling growth performance is still lacking. Hence, a one-hectare plot was surveyed and an experimental plot was established for population and regeneration analyses. In the 1 ha plot there were 31 productive trees, 2 post productive trees, 63 immature trees and 2,211 seedlings. The dispersion of the species followed the clumped pattern for immature trees and seedlings, but shifted to random pattern at maturity or productive stage. The seedling survival was stable when weeded, but dropped to 50% when un-weeded. However, in spite of its stem extraction for starch consumption, the population of C. utan in East Nusa Tenggara was stable. This indicated that C. utan in East Nusa Tenggara is a potential alternative food source to help build food security in Indonesia especially in dry lands like Timor Island and its adjacent regions.

Association of Tree Communities With Soil Properties in a Semi Deciduous Forest of Perlis, Peninsular Malaysia Zakaria, Radhiah; Mohd Said, Mohd Nizam; Ibrahim, Faridah Hanum
BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 1 (2020): BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 1 April 2020
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Plant community distribution is associated with environmental factors, particularly the soil properties of habitats. This study was conducted to determine the effect of soil properties on the association of tree communities within three distinct habitats in a semi-deciduous forest in Perlis State Park (PSP), Perlis. Eighteen plots of 40 × 60 m (0.24 ha each) with sampling areas of 1.92 ha (8 plots) in Setul Formation, 0.96 ha (4 plots) in Granite and 1.44 ha (6 plots) in Kubang Pasu Formation (totaling 4.32 ha) were established at the PSP. All trees with 5.0 cm and above diameter at breast height (dbh) were enumerated, while the topsoil samples were collected from each plot for soil analyses. A total of 412 tree species, 207 genera, and 68 families were recorded; 270 tree species from 152 genera and 57 families in the Setul forest; 204 tree species of 130 genera and 50 families in the Granite forest; and 109 tree species from 76 genera and 31 families in the Kubang Pasu forest. Euphorbiaceae was the most represented family at Setul, Granite and Kubang Pasu with 36, 19 and 12 species, respectively. Soil properties significantly varied among the study sites. Setul had loam, Kubang Pasu had clay-loam, and Granite had sandy-loam texture. The soils were acidic and had low to high concentrations of available nutrients. Ordinations using canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the soil factors play an important role in the distribution and diversity of plants in these forest habitats.

Use of Landsat Imagery to Map Spread of the Invasive Alien Species Acacia nilotica in Baluran National Park, Indonesia Sutomo, Sutomo; van Etten, Eddie; Iryadi, Rajif
BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 1 (2020): BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 1 April 2020
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

In the late 1960s, Acacia nilotica was introduced to Baluran National Park to establish fire breaks which would prevent the spread of fire from Baluran Savanna to the adjacent teak forest. However, A. nilotica has spread rapidly and has threatened the existence of Baluran Savanna as it has caused an ecosystem transition from an open savanna to a closed canopy of A. nilotica in some areas. This study is one of the few that examines A. nilotica invasion in Baluran National Park through remote sensing. Land cover dynamics were quantified using a supervised classification approach on Landsat 7 and 8 multi-spectral images. Results showed that savanna and A. nilotica can be recognized using a composite of bands 6, 5 and 3 of the Landsat 8 image. Across a 14-year period (2000-14), A. nilotica has spread far north and south from its originally introduced location, invading not only savannas but also dry forests in the Baluran National Park. The savanna size has decreased by 1,361 ha, meanwhile the A. nilotica stand has increased by 1,886 ha over this period. Spatial distribution of A. nilotica in Baluran National Park showed a clumped pattern. Acacia nilotica which develops into a homogeneous stand in the north-west and eastern parts of the national park occupied an area of 3,628 ha or about 14.5% of the total area. This study has demonstrated that remote sensing technology can be effectively used to estimate the patterns of distribution and amount of A. nilotica cover change over the whole Baluran National Park. This is one advantage of remote sensing and GIS, as it is difficult and expensive to make such direct assessments using the conventional approach of field survey and vegetation analysis.

Regulation of Adipogenesis and Key Adipogenic Gene Expression by Mangosteen Pericarp Extract and Xanthones in 3T3-L1 Cells Widowati, Wahyu; Darsono, Lusiana; Suherman, Jo; Afifah, Ervi; Rizal, Rizal; Arinta, Yukko; Mozef, Tjandrawati; Suciati, Tri
BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 1 (2020): BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 1 April 2020
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Obesity is one of the risk factors for atherosclerosis, and its occurrence and development are associated with fat accumulation and adipocyte differentiation. Thus, the suppression of adipocyte differentiation can be a potential anti-obesity approach. This study examined the effect of mangosteen pericarp extract (MPE) and xanthones (α-Mangostin (AM) and γ-Mangostin (GM)) on the expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, SCD1, LPL, aP2, adipoQ, and FAS in 3T3-L1 cells. Concentrations of MPE and xanthones used were based on cytotoxicity assays on 3T3-L1 cells. Three different MPE concentrations (0, 25, and 50 µg/mL), three AM concentrations (0, 25, and 50 µM), and GM concentrations (0, 50, and 75 µM) were used. The expressions of PPARγ, C/EBPα, SCD1, LPL, aP2, adipoQ, and FAS genes were measured using real-time quantitative PCR. Gene expression was downregulated in cells treated with 50 µg/mL MPE and 50 µM GM. However, 25 µM and 50 µM AM did not suppress PPARγ and SCD1 expression. The 50 µM AM treatment also failed to reduce aP2 gene expression. Overall, MPE and GM demonstrated potential anti-adipogenesis and anti-obesity effects by suppressing the expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, SCD1, LPL, aP2, adipoQ, and FAS in 3T3-L1 cells.

Effects of Dietary Probiotic Bacillus NP5 on the Growth Performances of Catfish (Clarias sp.) Putra, Achmad Noerkhaerin; Mustahal, Mustahal; Syamsunarno, Mas Bayu
BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 1 (2020): BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 1 April 2020
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Probiotics have long been applied in aquaculture and have shown positive effects on fish and shrimp. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotic Bacillus NP5 in promoting the growth of catfish (Clarias sp.). Five doses of Bacillus NP5 with three replicates were used, namely 0% probiotic (control), 0.5% probiotic, 1% probiotic, 1.5% probiotic, and 2% probiotic (g/100 g feed). The results showed that the application of probiotics in catfish feed promoted better growth performance compared to the control. Total digestibility and protease enzyme activities were significantly highest in the 1% probiotic treatment. The specific growth rate was highest in the 1% probiotic treatment (2.67 ± 0.18% day⁻¹), followed by 2% probiotic (2.63 ± 0.02% day⁻¹), 1.5% probiotic (2.42 ± 0.07% day⁻¹), 0.5% probiotic (2.29 ± 0.14% day⁻¹), and the control (1.60 ± 0.01% day⁻¹). The addition of 1% Bacillus NP5 as a probiotic in catfish feed showed the best results for protease enzyme activity, protein digestibility, total digestibility, final weight, specific growth rate, weight gain, feed efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio compared to other probiotic doses.

Invasive Plant Species in the Disturbed Forest of Batukahu Nature Reserve, Bali, Indonesia Mukaromah, Laily; Imron, Muhammad Ali
BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 1 (2020): BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 1 April 2020
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Patterns of invasive plant distribution and their underlying mechanisms are complex and vary with spatial scale. Within the mountainous tropical ecosystems of Bali Island, local-scale patterns of invasive plants are still poorly understood. This paper aimed to detect and investigate the presence of invasive species and to evaluate their relative abundance linked to forest site conditions along an elevation range on Mount Pohen, Batukahu Nature Reserve, Bali, Indonesia. To identify the importance of environmental disturbances on species invasion, disturbance-environmental factors and species-environmental relationships were also measured and examined. Using a stratified random sampling approach, 78 vegetation plots of 2 × 2 m size were established across four forest sites. Ten invasive plant species belonging to ten genera and five families were identified. Of these invasive species, 40% were herbs, while shrubs and grasses each comprised 30%. Austroeupatorium inulaefolium had the highest frequency (45% of plots), followed by Ageratina tipatia and Brachychaeta reptans (40% of plots each), Melastoma malabathricum (37%), and Calliandra calothyrsus (27%). Austroeupatorium inulaefolium was the most abundant invader, followed by Ageratina tipatia, and the remaining invasive species were Pennisetum purpureum, Calliandra calothyrsus, Imperata cylindrica, Brachychaeta reptans, Melastoma malabathricum, Lantana camara, Bidens pilosa, and Blumea lacera. The distribution of invasive plants was strongly linked to the disturbance level of their respective habitats. The largest numbers of invasive plants were present in burnt sites close to forest edges with direct anthropogenic influence, while the undisturbed forest was the least invaded site. Furthermore, most invasive species mainly occurred at low elevations up to 1,600 m a.s.l. and were rarely found at higher elevations. However, a few invasive species, such as Austroeupatorium inulaefolium and Melastoma malabathricum, were able to colonize the highest altitude (2,035 m a.s.l.), and, to a lesser degree, Ageratina tipatia and Brachychaeta reptans were also distributed at high altitudes (1,950 m a.s.l. and 1,972 m a.s.l., respectively). This study provides a fine-scale analysis of invasive species distribution, which will serve as a basis for conservation purposes, especially for strategic planning regarding the detection and management of invasive alien plants.

Influence of Water Stress and Plant Age on the Yield and Chemical Composition of Essential Oil From Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt Abduh, Muhammad Yusuf; Ibarahim, Izni Nur; Atika, Ulya; Manurung, Robert; Suheryadi, Dedi
BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 1 (2020): BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 1 April 2020
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2020.27.1.1152

Citronella oil, which is also known as Java citronella oil, is typically obtained from the leaves of Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt and has been widely used as an antiseptic, fragrance, flavor, and many other applications. However, systematic studies on the factors affecting the yield and composition of citronella oil are limited. Hence, this study was carried out to investigate the influence of water stress (low to high) and plant age (0.5 to 5 years) on the yield and composition of citronella oil. Citronella leaves were dried at room temperature (26–30 °C) with a relative humidity of 62–74% for 3 days before the citronella oil was extracted using a steam distillation unit. Introducing a high water stress condition to the plants increased the yield from 0.80% (control) to 1.4% (high water stress) dry weight. The geraniol content slightly increased from 15% to 17%, whereas the citronellal content considerably increased from 31% to 44% when the plants were subjected to high water stress in comparison to the control. The oil yield increased with plant age before it reached its plateau at 3.5% dry weight at age 4 years. However, the composition of citronella oil did not significantly vary with plant age.

Stemflow, Throughfall and Rainwater Interception of Eight Indonesian Tree Species Sofiah, Siti; Soejono, Soejono
BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 1 (2020): BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 1 April 2020
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2020.27.1.726

Tree architecture affects how rainwater is partitioned into canopy interception, throughfall, and stemflow. The canopy shape and bark/leaf surface morphology influence the plants' ability to intercept and redistribute rainwater. Therefore, tree structure plays a key role in soil and water conservation, particularly in reducing erosion and runoff. This research was conducted to predict the most suitable tree species for soil and water conservation and recorded 32 rainfall events during the rainy season from January 2014 to March 2015 in Purwodadi–LIPI, Indonesia. The stemflow, throughfall, individual tree architectural characteristics, and leaf morphology were measured for eight selected local tree species, namely: Sterculia cordata, Aleurites moluccana, Buchanania arborescens, Calophyllum inophyllum, Dysoxylum gaudichaudianum, Peltophorum pterocarpum, Alstonia scholaris, and Pometia pinnata. The species that showed the greatest interception capacity was Aleurites moluccana, with 68.1% of rainfall intercepted. Special leaf characteristics (such as fine hairs), globose stems, and long, grooved bark likely contributed to a greater relative interception of rainwater compared to other species. The throughfall and stemflow of each species were closely correlated with rainfall amount but not with rainfall intensity.

The Physicochemical Properties of Several Indonesian Rice Varieties Susiyanti, Susiyanti; Rusmana, Rusmana; Maryani, Yeyen; Sjaifuddin, Sjaifuddin; Krisdianto, Nanang; Syabana, Mohamad Ana
BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 1 (2020): BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 1 April 2020
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2020.27.1.1030

Rice has different varieties, with each variety possessing diverse physical and chemical characteristics. The objective of this study was to analyze the physicochemical properties of several Indonesian local rice varieties. The experiment was conducted from March to April 2017 at the Agriculture Applied Technology Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa and at the Laboratory of Food Analysis Services in the Department of Food Technology, IPB University. Nine local rice varieties from several areas in Indonesia were used as samples, namely Jalahawara, Ciherang, Pandan Wangi, Rojolele, Sokan, Bendang Pulau, Batang Piaman, Cisantana and Sidrap. Their physicochemical characteristics were analyzed based on some criteria such as: physical quality (weight, length, width, form and percentage of chalkiness), chemical content, water content, ash content, fat content, protein content, carbohydrate content, crude fiber content, starch, amylose and amylopectin content. Data obtained were analyzed by one-way ANOVA using a Randomized Block Design. Jalahawara has the highest percentage of chalkiness. Based on the ratio of length and width, Sidrap and Ciherang were categorized as medium type and the others were oval/round. The heaviest and lightest based on the 1000-grain weight of rice were Ciherang and Bendang Pulau, respectively. The water content was about 2-4% for all samples. The highest and lowest amount of ash and fat content were found in Sidrap and Sokan, respectively. The highest and lowest amount of protein content were found in Batang Piaman and Sokan, respectively. The highest and lowest starch content were observed in Pandan Wangi and Ciherang. The content of amylose and amylopectin was the highest in Batang Piaman. The rice samples were categorized into two groups of low and medium levels of amylose. The low level of amylose was observed in Cisantana, Ciherang, Pandan Wangi and Sidrap, while the medium level of amylose was observed in Jalahawara, Sokan, Bendang Pulau, Batang Piaman and Rojolele.

Genetics Identification of Sea Holly (Acanthus ilicifolius) Through Dna Barcoding From Coastal Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia Harisam, Taufan; Haryono, Florencius Eko Dwi; Marhaeni, Bintang; Amron, Amron; Prayogo, Norman Arie; Sukardi, Purnama
BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 1 (2020): BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 1 April 2020
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2020.27.1.1105

Sea holly (Acanthus ilicifolius) is an important true mangrove species commonly growing in wetlands at river mouths and coastal areas. Very limited information is available on the molecular taxonomy of sea holly growing along the coasts of Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia. The present study aimed to identify sea holly in coastal Cilacap and to produce a reference library on the molecular characteristics of the species. The recently recorded species were utilized for the barcoding investigation. Genetic identification was evaluated using the rbcL and matK genes. Young leaf samples of A. ilicifolius were collected for DNA extraction, isolation, and amplification using rbcL and matK primers. The length of the rbcL gene was 608 bp and the matK gene was 970 bp. The evolutionary history was constructed using the Neighbor-Joining method. The barcode sequences of rbcL and matK were analyzed using BLAST and MULTALIN. The sequences were also submitted to NCBI. Genus Acanthus (Acanthaceae) and other genera were clustered in the same clade with high bootstrap values. The results indicated that the rbcL and matK loci cannot be used for species differentiation within Acanthus; however, these genes can be used to distinguish the genus level within Acanthaceae.

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Contact Name Knowledge Management Department

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Editorial Address SEAMEO BIOTROP Jl. Raya Tajur Km. 6 Bogor 16134 INDONESIA

Location Kota bogor, Jawa barat INDONESIA

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Contact Name
Knowledge Management Department

Contact Email
kmd@biotrop.org

Phone
+62251-8323848

Journal Mail Official
biotropia@biotrop.org

Editorial Address
SEAMEO BIOTROP Jl. Raya Tajur Km. 6 Bogor 16134 INDONESIA

Location
Kota bogor,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA