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BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology
Published by Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology
ISSN : 02156334     EISSN : 1907770X     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary
BIOTROPIA, The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, is a scientific publication of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) – Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (BIOTROP). It publishes articles in the broad areas of tropical ecosystems and environmental impacts, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development and biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 520 Documents
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THE GENUS MIMOSA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TOM. QUADRIVALVIS L. VAR. LEPTOCARPA (D.C.) EARNEDY, A NEW SPECIES RECORD FOR THE WEED FLORA IN MALAYSIA*) HAJI MOHAMED, M. A; BAKI,, BAKI; BAKAR, B.; WATI, H. NOORMA
BIOTROPIA No. 9 (1996)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.1996.0.9.124

Abstract

An exploratory floristic survey of the genus Mimosa was conducted in 1993 to ascertain species diversity and their spatial patterns of distribution in Peninsular Malaysia. A new species record of uncertain indigene, M.. quadrivalvis was recorded for the first time in restricted localities along the roadsides in Pekan Darat and Bertam, Seberang Perai, Gurun and Bedong in Kedah in addition to widely distributed and seemingly ubiquitous presence of M. invisa Mart. ex. Colla and M. pudica L. The latter two species were mostly found in open, disturbed and derelict habitats, agricultural areas and ex-mining lands. Both species exhibited largely contagious and overdispersed distribution patterns with positive peaks in pattern intensity values although regularity or underdispersed distribution patterns do manifest in certain localities. The giant mimosa, M. pigra inhabited in clustered thickets, large pockets of lands in the urban and sub-urban localities in the states of Penang, Perak, Kelantan, Kuala Lumpur and Negeri Sembilan. In other states, M. pigra was confined to a few localities in smaller patches. Except for M. quadrivalvis, the other species of Mimosa are serious weeds in the agricultural, recreational and residential and derelict areas. A key to the Mimosa species is constructed along with brief descriptions on their morphology and ecology. Key words: Malaysia/Weed ecology/Mimosa invisa/Mimosa pigra/Mimosa pudica/Mimosa quadrivalvis/ Weeddistribution/Weed anatomy and morphology.
Aspergillus flavus Population and Aflatoxin B1 Content of Processed Peanut Products in Municipality of Bogor, West Java, Indonesia Dharmaputra, Okky Setyawati; Ambarwati, Santi; Retnowati, Ina; Windyarani, Amanda
BIOTROPIA Vol. 20 No. 2 (2013): BIOTROPIA Vol. 20 No. 2 December 2013
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2013.20.2.251

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to get informations on the population of A. flavus and aflatoxin B1 content of five processed peanut products collected from retailers in Kecamatan Bogor Tengah (Subdistrict of Central Bogor), Municipality of Bogor. A total of 129 samples of processed peanut products was collected. They consisted of roasted peanuts with skin pods (33 samples), flour-coated peanuts (33), siomay sauce (18), pecel/gado-gado sauce (33) and satai sauce (12). A sample each of 2 000 g roasted peanuts with skin pods as well as flour-coated peanuts, and a sample each of 1 500 g siomay sauce, pecel/gado-gado sauce as well as satai sauce was mixed homogenously. It was then divided two times manually to obtain working samples to determine A. flavus population, AFB1 content and a reserve sample. Peanut kernels of roasted peanuts with skin pods and flour-coated peanuts were obtained by peeling their skin pods and the batter coat of tapioca flour manually, respectively. Aspergillus flavus in peanut processed products was isolated using a serial dilution method, followed by pour plate method on Aspergillus Flavus and Parasiticus Agar (AFPA). AFB1 content was determined using Thin Layer Chromatography method. Two replicates were used for each sample. The results showed that the population of A. flavus in roasted peanuts with skin pods, flour-coated peanuts, siomay sauce, pecel/gado-gado sauce and satai sauce were 0.3, 0.1, 0.3, 13.2 and 0.4 cfu/g (wet basis), respectively. The highest AFB1 content of  processed peanut products (43.2 ppb) was found in roasted peanuts with skin pods, followed by flour-coated peanuts (34.3 ppb), satai sauce (23.2 ppb), pecel/gado-gado sauce (17.1 ppb) and siomay sauce (4.4 ppb).Key words : Aspergillus flavus, aflatoxin B1, processed peanut products, Municipality of Bogor
Effects of Photoperiods on the Cloned GtH Genes in Hard-Lipped Barb (Osteochillus hasseltii) Prayogo, Norman Arie; Pramono, Taufik Budi; Siregar, Asrul Sahri; Sukardi, Purnama; Kawaichi, Masashi
BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 3 (2019): BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 3 December 2019
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2019.26.3.1100

Abstract

Photoperiod is one of the factors that regulate endocrine gland hormone production necessary for gonadal growth and development, gametogenesis, and reproductive cycles in fish. However, studies on the influence of photoperiod on tropical fishes are still limited. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of photoperiod on the hard-lipped barb, particularly the gene expression of its cloned gonadotropin hormones I (GtH-I) and II (GtH-II). The experiment was designed using three treatments: 14L:10D (control), 8L:16D (short photoperiod), and 18L:6D (long photoperiod). Four aquariums with nine fish per tank were used as replicates. The fish were maintained under these photoperiod treatments for eight weeks. Pituitary activity was observed by measuring GtH gene expression. The length of cDNA GtH-I was 222 bp, and the cDNA GtH-II was 354 bp. The GtH-I precursor encoded by the cDNA consisted of 67 amino acids, including the mature peptide. The level of GtH gene expression significantly increased as longer photoperiods were applied. The results indicated that photoperiod length affects the reproductive performance of the hard-lipped barb.
Northern Mindanao State Institute of Science and Technology 8600 Ampayon, Butuan City, Philippines ANINO, EMILIO .O
BIOTROPIA No. 15 (2000)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2000.0.15.157

Abstract

Selected fungicides were tested to control damping-off affecting bagras  seedlings in the Central Nursery of the Paper Industries Corporation of the Philippines (PICOP), Surigao del Sur, Philippines. The fungicides, at three concentrations each, were applied once before seed sowing to control pre-emergence damping-off and applied again after germination to control post-emergence damping-off. Ajax detergent (2g/l H2O), Benlate (0.5 g/1 H2O), Brassicol (1.5 gv'l H2O), and Fungitox (1.0 g/1 H2O) provided the best level of control against the disease. Ajax detergent is the most practical among the best chemicals because it is cheap, locally available, not a health hazard, and less polluting. Key Words :  Eucalyptus deglupta/ Seeds/Nursery/flWzoctoma so/am'/Fungicides/Application
Spatial Pattern in Beta Diversity of Echinoidea and Asteroidea Communities from the Coastal Area of Tomia Island, Wakatobi Marine National Park, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia Analuddin, Kangkuso; Nasaruddin, Nasaruddin; Septiana, Andi; Sarliyana, Wa Ode; Nurlyati, Agus; Masa, Wa; Rahim, Saban
BIOTROPIA Vol. 22 No. 1 (2015): BIOTROPIA Vol. 22 No. 1 June 2015
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2015.22.1.355

Abstract

The present study was aimed to elucidate the spatial pattern in the beta diversity of marine bentic for Echinoidea and Asteroidea that assemblages the coastal area of Tomia Island, Wakatobi Marine National Park, Indonesia. The two transect lines of 460 and 260 m in length with small quadrats of 1m2 wide were placed at the open and unopen beaches perpendicularly to the coastlines. The important value index and similarity index SI of organisms on these taxa were estimated in each the transect. Echinometra mathaei was the most dominant Echinoidea at open and unpen beaches, while Protoreaster nodusus was the most dominant Asteroidea at both areas. Most of SI values of Echinoidea at open beach were estimated less than 50%, which was lower than SI values that of organisms at unopen beach. On the other hand, most of SI values of Asteroidea at both areas were estimated more than 70% representing high similarity degree of its species composition among sites. The disimilarity index of organisms in the taxa of Echinoidea and Asteroidae was increased significantly as increasing the distance of among stands, which suggested that pettern in beta diversity of these taxa was associated with the spatial heterogenity.
Phytase Production by Enterobacter Cloacae Suliasih, Suliasih; Widawati, Sri
BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 3 (2020): BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 3 December 2020
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.0.0.0.1233

Abstract

This study aims to isolate phytase-producing bacteria (PPB), a type of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), from the Vigna sinensis rhizosphere and to optimize their physicochemical conditions. Phytase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes the phosphoester bonds in organic phosphorus (phytic acid) to release ester phosphate and inorganic phosphate, the bioavailable forms of phosphorus. To test their ability to hydrolyze organic phosphates (calcium phytate), phytase activity was screened using solid and liquid phytase screening medium (PSM). A total of 13 isolates tested positive for phytase production, indicated by clear hydrolysis zones surrounding the colonies. Enterobacter cloacae strain B1 exhibited the highest hydrolysis efficiency (3.43) on solid medium. The phytase produced by E. cloacae strain B1 in liquid PSM reached 0.92 U/mL after 48 hours of incubation. This strain produced optimal phytase levels in the presence of lactose and monoammonium phosphate (NH₄H₂PO₄) as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, at 30 °C and pH 5.0. The PPB obtained in this study are recommended for further research regarding their potential use as biological fertilizers for plants.
INDUCTION OF CALLUS FORMATION FROM DIFFERENT PARTS OF Citrus grandis (OSBECK) FLOWERS Zakaria, Zarina Binti; Zakaria, Suhana Binti; Khalid, Abd Hamid Bin; Mohd Ishak, Mohd Azlan Bin
BIOTROPIA Vol. 17 No. 1 (2010): BIOTROPIA Vol. 17 No. 1 June 2010
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2010.17.1.32

Abstract

            The objectives of the present work were to study the capability of pomelo’s floral tissues to produce callus and to investigate the influence of plant growth regulators on callus induction and development. Various parts of flower namely petal, sepal, style, ovary, pistil and cup base were cultured onto Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with different level of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 6-Furfurylaminopurine (kinetin). It was found that different part of flowers favored different level of hormone for callus induction. The highest formation of callus were obtained from petal and sepal cultured on MS media supplemented with 1.5 mg/l kinetin. For the style and pistil, 50 ± 2.3% of the explants had developed callus when cultured on MS media supplemented with 0.05 mg/l and 0.10 mg/l BAP respectively. On the other hand, sucrose agar (SA) media alone had managed to induce callus formation from almost every part of the flowers with a success rate between 7.69 ± 0.32 to 50 ± 3.18%. Callus formation was preferred from the uncut part of flowers as shown in the study on petal with percentage of formation was 14.6 ± 0.35%.
A STUDY ON WEED CONTROL IN SOYBEAN S. TJITROSEMITO
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology No. 4 (1991)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.1991.0.4.192

Abstract

Two field experiments on weed control in soybeans were carried out at BIOTROP, Bogor, Indonesia from February to June, 1989. The critical period for weed control was found to be between 20 - 40 days after planting of soybean (c. v. Wilis) grown at a planting distance of 40 x 10 cm. It did not coincide with the fastest growth  in  terms of  trifoliate  leaf number. Further studies were suggested  to understand the physiological growth of soybean related to weed control. Pendimethalin at 660- 1320 g a.e./ha applied one day after sowing did not cause any phytotoxic effect to soybean and had good weed control performance.
Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of the Aqueous Leaf Extract of Pogostemon Heyneanus Benth. (Java patchouli) Sheela, Anjana; Thoppil, John Ernest
BIOTROPIA Vol. 24 No. 1 (2017): BIOTROPIA Vol. 24 No. 1 April 2017
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2017.24.1.507

Abstract

Several plants have been recently reported to possess anticancer potential. Allium cepa root tip assay is a preliminary study to assess the cytotoxic effect of plant extracts. The cytotoxic activity of plants can be correlated to their anticancer potential. Cytotoxic potential of Pogostemon heyneanus (Lamiaceae) was evaluated using A. cepa root meristematic cells. This study was aimed at analyzing cytotoxic potential of P. heyneanus using Allium cepa root tip assay. Four different concentrations of the aqueous leaf extracts at three different durations were examined. Distilled water was used as control. The extract was found to be cytotoxic at all tested concentrations, when compared to control. Mitotic index was found to be decreasing with the increase in extract concentrations and treatment durations. The aqueous extract of P. heyneanus was found to be an effective cytotoxic agent, inducing various clastogenic and non-clastogenic aberrations such as chromosome gaps, bridges, multipolar anaphase, fragments, nuclear budding and lesions, hyperchromasia, laggards and mitotic pairing.
STUDIES ON INTERFERENCE AMONG TREES IN A PLANTATION OF ALTINGIA EXCELSA SAKAI, KAN-ICHI
BIOTROPIA Vol. 1 No. 1 (1987)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.1987.1.1.85

Abstract

A  study  was made with  the  use  of  a  50-year  old  Altingia  excelsa Noronha  plantation with  260 standing trees for separating components of density and intraspecific competition. A component of density effect  causes overall decrease  in growth while  that of  competition  results  in a  contrasting  effect  in growth between any pair of neighboring trees. To detect this density effect, it is most appropriate to use an area of ca. 100 m2 irrespective of the experimental area, e.g. circular or quadratic. Competition effect cannot be detected when two individuals are apart more than two meters. An application of the density and competitive ability to tree breeding is briefly mentioned.

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