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BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology
Published by Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology
ISSN : 02156334     EISSN : 1907770X     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary
BIOTROPIA, The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, is a scientific publication of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) – Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (BIOTROP). It publishes articles in the broad areas of tropical ecosystems and environmental impacts, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development and biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 520 Documents
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An SNP Marker Potentially Linked to Somatic Embryogenesis of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) Wahyunanto, Irang; Waturangi, Diana E; Toruan-Mathius, Nurita; Yulandi, Adi
BIOTROPIA Vol. 24 No. 2 (2017): BIOTROPIA Vol. 24 No. 2 August 2017
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2017.24.2.678

Abstract

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is one of the most important oil-bearing crops in the world. This crop can be vegetatively propagated only using tissue culture technique. Oil palm tissue culture technique has low efficiency, with callogenesis and embryogenesis stages as the limiting factors. Genetic factor has a major role in determining the success rate of these two stages. The use of molecular markers which represent the rate of embryogenesis or callogenesis has the potential to improve the efficiency of oil palm tissue culture process. In this study, SNP mining was conducted on embryogenesis transcriptome data, oil palm cDNA database, oil palm genome database, and oil palm SNP marker database in NCBI. The objective of this study was to obtain SNP marker which represents the embryogenesis potential, to be further used in marker-assisted selection of oil palm ortets. One SNP (EMB6) showed significant association with embryogenesis rate. This SNP was found in one of Auxin Response Factor (ARF) family genes. The nucleotide replacement from adenine to guanine changed the 307ⁿᵈ amino acid from isoleucine to methionine. Oil palms with adenine homozygote (A/A) pattern on EMB6 showed an 8-fold higher chance to produce significantly higher embryogenesis rate than adenine–guanine heterozygote (A/G).
Secondary Pollen Presentation, Psychophily and Anemochory in Lagascea mollis Cav. (Asteraceae) Rao, M. Mallikarjuna; Raju, Aluri Jacob Solomon
BIOTROPIA Vol. 24 No. 3 (2017): BIOTROPIA Vol. 24 No. 3 December 2017
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2017.24.3.696

Abstract

Information on pollination ecology and seed dispersal aspects is essential to understand sexual reproduction in Lagascea mollis Cav. The study was aimed at providing details of pollen presentation system, pollination syndrome, pollinators and seed dispersal mode for L. mollis based mostly on field study. Paper chromatography technique was used for recording sugar and amino acid types in the nectar, since they are important to evaluate the pollination syndrome. The study indicated that L. mollis flowers during August-November. The plant produces synflorescences consisting of several capitula. Each capitulum produces a single disc floret. The plant is protandrous, temporally dioecious and exhibits secondary pollen presentation using brush mechanism to prevent autonomous selfing. The floral characteristics such as having synflorescence, narrow tubular corolla, production of sucrose-rich nectar with essential and non-essential amino acids and pollen charactersistics such as having spherical shape, tri-colpate apertures and strongly spinulose exine suggested that the plant is adapted for insect pollination. The plant is principally psychophilous. Other insects also visited the florets opportunistically and acted as supplementary pollinators. Further, thrips used this plant as breeding and feeding sites; their effect mostly geitonogamy. The fruit is an achene, anemochorous and also anthropochorous. Regeneration occurred from seeds and perennial root stock during rainy season.
The Growth Strategies Analysis of Ten Woody Plant Species for Effective Revegetation Rindyastuti, Ridesti; Sancayaningsih, Retno Peni
BIOTROPIA Vol. 25 No. 1 (2018): BIOTROPIA Vol. 25 No. 1 April 2018
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2018.25.1.705

Abstract

The growth strategies of plant species show the ecological role which is reflexed by their adaptation to environments and competitiveness. Those are essential in the study of the revegetation effectiveness. However, the growth strategies of plant species in various types of habitats have not yet been fully investigated. The objective of this study was to investigate the growth strategies of ten woody plant species which were naturalized from mangrove to lowland habitats in relation to their effectiveness for revegetation program. The seedling’s growth was recorded during 4 months in Purwodadi Botanic Garden-LIPI from October 2014 to February 2015. Complete randomized design with plant species as a treatment using 3 replications was carried out to examine the plant’s Relative Growth Rates (RGRs), their components, leaf nitrogen productivity and growth strategies.The study showed that RGRs of ten woody plants species varied across species. Based on the Pearson correlations, the plant’s Net Assimilation Rates (NAR) and two ecological traits related to the root trait i.e. Nitrogen productivity and Specific Root Length (SRL) were strongly correlated with the RGRs. Heritiera littoralis, Diospyros discolor, Antidesma bunius, Schleichera oleosa, Madhuca longifolia and Syzygium cumini have high RGRs but low Specific Leaf Area (SLA). B. asiatica has relatively low RGRs and SLA, while Dracontomelon dao have high RGRs and SLA. It showed that most of plant species studied, except D. dao achieve growth rates and competitiveness by developing strategies through forming fine roots to maximize its ecological function in nutrients uptake. Most of woody plant species are adaptive to dry lowland habitat and only D. dao potentially occupy the ecosystem. Furthermore, D. discolor and S. oleosa are highly recommended for revegetation in degraded tropical lowland areas.
BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF INDONESIAN GAYO HORSE Juli Melia; Amrozi Amrozi; Muhammad Agil; Iman Supriatna
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 29 No. 1 (2022): BIOTROPIA Vol. 29 No. 1 April 2022
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2022.29.1.834

Abstract

This study aims to find out the characteristic of gayo horse and to identify the population of gayo horse. Data collection was conducted through selection process over 100 local horse distributed in Central Aceh Sub-districts, Gayo Lues and Bener Meriah. The result was 30 gayo horses with varying age distribution. Detail observation was performed on six gayo horses of male (n=3) and female (n=3). The observation consisted of morphological observation and morphometry. Data collection of gayo horse population was based on annual report from local Animal Husbandry and Fishery Official over the last 5 years. Result showed that gayo horse has straight cranial shape similar to thoroughbred with smaller size, thick and stiff mane, and ears akin to donkey. Gayo horse body height ranges between 113-120 with body weight ranging around 215-280 kg. Gayo horse is agile despite living in mountain and able to carry heavy weight. There has been drastic decline of population in year 2010-2014. In conclusion, gayo horse is included as large pony category, and without any rescue effort, gayo horse is predicted to be extinct in 2037.
Growth Performance and Enzyme Activities in Catfish [Pangasianodon hypophthalmus] Fed With Water Hyacinth-Based Diet Yuniati, Dewi; Utomo, Nur Bambang Priyo; Setiawati, Mia; Alimuddin, Alimuddin
BIOTROPIA Vol. 25 No. 2 (2018): BIOTROPIA Vol. 25 No. 2 August 2018
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2018.25.2.840

Abstract

An alternative substitution of pollard as an imported feed ingredient is a necessity, and one of the potential ingredients is water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). This study was conducted to evaluate growth performance and enzyme activity in catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Diet with five different levels of water hyacinth substitute of pollard (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) were fed to catfish for 60 days. Seventy (70) catfish fry with average initial body weight of 2.45 ± 0.15 g were maintained in 100 cm × 80 cm × 60 cm aquaria. Fish fed at satiation level three times daily at 8 am, 12 pm, and 4 pm. With dietary 25% water hyacinth, growth performance and protease activity similar to 0% treatment. Feed intake, protein digestibility, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, and protease and amylase enzyme activities decreased (p<0.05) in those fed with more than 25% water hyacinth. Catfish fed 25% water hyacinth showed significantly (p<0.05) higher daily growth rate, feed efficiency and protein digestibility than those with other treatments. Based on the growth performance and enzyme activity, we can conclude that the optimum dietary level of water hyacinth substitute pollard for fry catfish is 25%.
Cytotoxic Activity of Anredera cordifolia Leaf Extract on Hela Cells Virginia, Dita Maria; Saputra, Roni Permana; Setiawati, Agustina
BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 1 (2019): BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 1 April 2019
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2019.26.1.863

Abstract

Cervical cancer is the second most frequently occurring cancer among females worldwide. Since the best strategy against cancer is to kill cancer cells without endangering normal cells, discovering a potentially selective anticancer agent from plants has become a major focus for researchers globally. A previous study on Anredera cordifolia, known as binahong in Indonesia, revealed its cytotoxic activity on HeLa cervical cancer cells with an IC₅₀ value of 75 µg/mL. However, the selectivity of the chemical agent and its molecular target was not investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the selectivity of ethanolic extract of Anredera cordifolia leaf (EAC) on Vero cells and its molecular target on HeLa cells. The extract was prepared by macerating A. cordifolia leaf powder in 70% ethanol. The viability of Vero cells was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, while the cell cycle of HeLa cells was analyzed using flow cytometry. The molecular target of the extract was further investigated using immunocytochemical staining. The results demonstrated the selective cytotoxicity of EAC against HeLa cells compared to Vero cells, with a Selectivity Index (SI) of 17.36. The extract induced cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase and suppressed Bcl-2 expression, an anti-apoptotic protein that also regulates cell cycle progression. These findings support the potential use of A. cordifolia leaf extract as a promising anticancer agent against cervical cancer, particularly HeLa cells.
Fungal Infection of Stored Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica) Beans in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia Dharmaputra, Okky Setyawati; Ambarwati, Santi; Retnowati, Ina; Nurfadila, Nijma
BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 2 (2019): BIOTROPIA Vol. 26 No. 2 August 2019
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2019.26.2.900

Abstract

Indonesia is the world's fourth-largest coffee producer after Brazil, Vietnam, and Colombia, in which one of its well-known coffee originates from the Toraja region, South Sulawesi. As such, Indonesia has to compete with these countries in producing good quality coffee beans. Consequently, this research aimed (a) to obtain information on the postharvest handling methods of Arabica coffee (C. arabica) beans in Tana Toraja Regency, North Toraja Regency, and Makassar Municipality, Indonesia, and (b) to investigate the occurrence of fungi (including ochratoxin A producing fungi) in stored Arabica coffee beans collected from various stages of the delivery chain. The data collection process included surveys, interviews, and sample collections conducted in May and July 2016 at each level of the delivery chain. The moisture content (MC) and the physical quality of the beans were also measured to determine its quality. Sixty-four (64) coffee bean samples were collected, consisting of 27 samples from the farmers, 15 samples from the collectors, 13 samples from the traders, and 9 samples from the exporters. The results showed that the moisture contents of coffee beans collected from the farmers and bean collectors (42.5%) were significantly higher than the maximum tolerable limit determined by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) (13%), while the MC of the beans from the traders and exporters (9.7–10.9%) was significantly lower. Based on the total defective values, coffee beans from the farmers had more diverse grades (1–6) than those at other levels. Penicillium citrinum was the dominant fungus found in those beans collected from the farmers, collectors, and traders, while Aspergillus niger was the dominant fungus found in those beans from the exporters. At trader level, 46% of the samples were infected by Aspergillus ochraceus and A. niger, which are known as ochratoxin A (OTA) producing fungi. At exporter level, 44% of the samples were infected by A. ochraceus, while 78% of the samples were infected by A. niger. Thus, the postharvest handling methods conducted especially by farmers and collectors of Arabica coffee beans should be improved to reduce the moisture content and to increase the grade quality of the coffee beans.
Water Pollution Levels in the Suwung Estuary, Bali, Based on Biological Oxygen Demand Saraswati, Ni Luh Gede Rai Ayu; Arthana, I Wayan; Risuana, I Gede Surya; Hendrawan, I Gede
BIOTROPIA Vol. 25 No. 3 (2018): BIOTROPIA Vol. 25 No. 3 December 2018
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2018.25.3.1001

Abstract

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) is generally used for determining water pollution levels in bodies of water. An estuary is a semi-enclosed body of water that can be polluted via land areas or rivers. This study was conducted to determine the spatial distribution of water pollution levels in the Suwung Estuary in Bali based on BOD₅ analyses conducted in January and February 2016. Samples were taken at 20 points (19 points in the Suwung Estuary and 1 outside the Suwung Estuary as a control). BOD₅ samples were then analyzed in the laboratory. Our BOD₅ analyses used the amperometric method based on the National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data, Chapter A7. BOD₅ samples were taken during all tidal cycles, from low to high tide and high to low tide. BOD₅ values ranged from 0.84 mg/L to 9.47 mg/L during low to high tide and from 0.96 mg/L to 8.75 mg/L during high to low tide. The BOD₅ concentration in the Suwung Estuary indicated slight contamination during both tidal conditions. The spatial distribution of BOD₅ concentration was higher around cage aquacultures, rivers, the Suwung Landfill, and near the Benoa Harbour.
OMEGA-3 CONTENT OF BLACK SOLDIER FLY PREPUPA (Hermetia illucens) FED WITH MARINE FISH OFFAL AND TOFU DREG Ramadhani Eka Putra; Yenyen Fatmalasari; Agus Dana Permana; Ida Kinasih; Mia Rosmiati
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 28 No. 1 (2021): BIOTROPIA Vol. 28 No. 1 April 2021
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2021.28.1.1082

Abstract

One of the materials with great potency for future nutrition source for animal feed is prepupae of black soldier fly larvae (BSFP) (Hermetia illucens) which is fed on organic wastes. This study was designed to observe the accumulation of specific substance (omega-3) of organic wastes (marine fish offal and tofu dregs) inside harvested biomass of BSFP. A total of 150 gram food consist of marine fish offal and tofu dreg with different proportion (10:90, 25:75, 50:50, and 100% tofu dregs) was fed to black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) for 21 days.At the end of feeding trial, all BSFL were harvested, weighed, and then analyzed for omega-3 fatty acids content. Fatty acid content was analyzed using Gas Cromatography with Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). Result of the experiment showed BSFL reared with 25% marine fish offal produced highest biomass (8.1 g / 50 larvae) with least development time (19 days). The total of omega-3 recorded from application of 0%, 10%, 25%, and 50% of marine fish offal was 0.02%, 0.87%, 2.16% and 2.61% in 100 g of dry weight, respectively. This result showed the possibility of transferring specific nutrient from organic wastes biomass of BSFP which provides base knowledgement for further application in design of specific animal feed from BSFP.
Genetics Identification of Sea Holly (Acanthus ilicifolius) Through Dna Barcoding From Coastal Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia Harisam, Taufan; Haryono, Florencius Eko Dwi; Marhaeni, Bintang; Amron, Amron; Prayogo, Norman Arie; Sukardi, Purnama
BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 1 (2020): BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 1 April 2020
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2020.27.1.1105

Abstract

Sea holly (Acanthus ilicifolius) is an important true mangrove species commonly growing in wetlands at river mouths and coastal areas. Very limited information is available on the molecular taxonomy of sea holly growing along the coasts of Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia. The present study aimed to identify sea holly in coastal Cilacap and to produce a reference library on the molecular characteristics of the species. The recently recorded species were utilized for the barcoding investigation. Genetic identification was evaluated using the rbcL and matK genes. Young leaf samples of A. ilicifolius were collected for DNA extraction, isolation, and amplification using rbcL and matK primers. The length of the rbcL gene was 608 bp and the matK gene was 970 bp. The evolutionary history was constructed using the Neighbor-Joining method. The barcode sequences of rbcL and matK were analyzed using BLAST and MULTALIN. The sequences were also submitted to NCBI. Genus Acanthus (Acanthaceae) and other genera were clustered in the same clade with high bootstrap values. The results indicated that the rbcL and matK loci cannot be used for species differentiation within Acanthus; however, these genes can be used to distinguish the genus level within Acanthaceae.

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