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BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology
Published by Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology
ISSN : 02156334     EISSN : 1907770X     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary
BIOTROPIA, The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, is a scientific publication of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) – Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (BIOTROP). It publishes articles in the broad areas of tropical ecosystems and environmental impacts, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development and biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 520 Documents
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The Physicochemical Properties of Several Indonesian Rice Varieties Susiyanti, Susiyanti; Rusmana, Rusmana; Maryani, Yeyen; Sjaifuddin, Sjaifuddin; Krisdianto, Nanang; Syabana, Mohamad Ana
BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 1 (2020): BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 1 April 2020
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2020.27.1.1030

Abstract

Rice has different varieties, with each variety possessing diverse physical and chemical characteristics. The objective of this study was to analyze the physicochemical properties of several Indonesian local rice varieties. The experiment was conducted from March to April 2017 at the Agriculture Applied Technology Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa and at the Laboratory of Food Analysis Services in the Department of Food Technology, IPB University. Nine local rice varieties from several areas in Indonesia were used as samples, namely Jalahawara, Ciherang, Pandan Wangi, Rojolele, Sokan, Bendang Pulau, Batang Piaman, Cisantana and Sidrap. Their physicochemical characteristics were analyzed based on some criteria such as: physical quality (weight, length, width, form and percentage of chalkiness), chemical content, water content, ash content, fat content, protein content, carbohydrate content, crude fiber content, starch, amylose and amylopectin content. Data obtained were analyzed by one-way ANOVA using a Randomized Block Design. Jalahawara has the highest percentage of chalkiness. Based on the ratio of length and width, Sidrap and Ciherang were categorized as medium type and the others were oval/round. The heaviest and lightest based on the 1000-grain weight of rice were Ciherang and Bendang Pulau, respectively. The water content was about 2-4% for all samples. The highest and lowest amount of ash and fat content were found in Sidrap and Sokan, respectively. The highest and lowest amount of protein content were found in Batang Piaman and Sokan, respectively. The highest and lowest starch content were observed in Pandan Wangi and Ciherang. The content of amylose and amylopectin was the highest in Batang Piaman. The rice samples were categorized into two groups of low and medium levels of amylose. The low level of amylose was observed in Cisantana, Ciherang, Pandan Wangi and Sidrap, while the medium level of amylose was observed in Jalahawara, Sokan, Bendang Pulau, Batang Piaman and Rojolele.
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF Fimbristylis miliacea (L.)Vahl Begum, Mahfuza; Juraimi, Abdul Shukor; Amartalingam, Rajan; Bin Syed Rastan, Syed Omar; Bin Man, Azmi
BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 1 (2008): BIOTROPIA Vol. 15 No. 1 June 2008
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2008.15.1.1

Abstract

This experiment was conducted in the glasshouse of Universiti Putra Malaysia, to determine the growth and development of Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl. Twenty F. miliacea seeds were surface sown in ten plastic buckets of 18 cm diameter filled with 3 kg soil. After germination only one plant/bucket was retained. Time of first seedling emergence, time and number of leaves appearing until first tiller formation, time of tiller formation, first inflorescence, the first 10 inflorescences appearance and their maturity were recorded for each plant. Plant height and the number of inflorescence per plant was recorded weekly for up to 4 months after sowing. The first ten inflorescences for each plant were tagged after emergence, subsequently mature inflorescences were collected and the numbers of spikelets/inflorescence, seeds/inflorescence, seeds/ plant and 1000 seed weight were determined. Statistical analysis was performed as complete randomized design on weekly observed plant height and inflorescence number using the SAS statistical software and means were tested using Tukey’s studentized range test at the 5% level of probability. Fimbristylis miliacea seedlings emerged at 3 days after planting of seeds. Approximate times required for the sequential production of 10 leaves, tillers, first 10 inflorescence and their maturity were 28 days after emergence (DAE), 35 DAE, 49 DAE, 63 DAE, respectively. Plant height increased rapidly from 3-8 WAE and maximum plant height (64.05 cm) was attained at 10 WAE. This species had three important growth stages: a slow growth stage during the first 4 week after emergence (WAE); a rapid growth stage from 4-9 WAE; and finally, a maximum growth stage from 9-17 WAE. Within this first 4 weeks after emergence would be the most appropriate time for controlling this species with early post emergence herbicides. Each F. miliacea plant produced on average of 2.3 tillers/plant and a total of 134 inflorescences, with 84 inflorescences/plant ripening within this period. Each inflorescence comprised of 48 spikelets with 511 seeds and matured after 3 weeks of emergence. Total seeds/plant and 1000 seed weight were 42,275 and 0.035 g, respectively. Time required for seed ripening was 76 days after emergence.
CHARACTERIZATION OF XYLANASE FROM A XYLANOLYTIC- THERMOPHILIC BACTERIUM ISOLATED FROM GUNUNG PANCAR HOT SPRING, WEST JAVA ANTONIUS SUWANTO; DWI SURYANTO; ANJA MERYANDINI
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology No. 17 (2001)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2001.0.17.167

Abstract

A xylanolytic-thermophilic bacterium (IT-08) was isolated from Gunung Pancar Hot Spring after two days of enrichment in Modified Thermus Medium (MTM) supplemented with 0.5% oat spelt xylan. 16S-rRNA sequence analysis indicated that IT-08 resembles Bacillus thermoleovorans, a species of thermophilic bacteria. When grown on xylan containing media, IT-08 produces a thermoactive xylanase. Xylanase from IT-08 was active at temperatures between 40 and 100°C, at pH values between 4.0 and 9.0 with optimum values obtained at 80°C and pH 6.0, respectively. SDS-PAGE and zymogram analysis demonstrated that a crude xylanase complex of IT-08 comprised two active bands with molecular masses of 78 and 60 kDa. Keywords: xylanase / xylanolytic-thermophilic bacteria
Diversity of Epiphytic Orchids and Host Trees (Phorophytes) in Secondary Forest of Coban Trisula, Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia Nurfadilah, Siti
BIOTROPIA Vol. 22 No. 2 (2015): BIOTROPIA Vol. 22 No. 2 December 2015
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2015.22.2.450

Abstract

Epiphytic orchids are an integral component of forest ecosystems and contribute significantly to plant diversity. The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity of orchids and their host trees (phorophytes) in a secondary forest at Coban Trisula (the Trisula Waterfall), Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, East Java Province, Indonesia. Two line transects were established, each 150 m long and consisting of ten 10 × 10 m plots, resulting in a total of 30 sampling plots at the study site. The following data were recorded in each plot: species names and number of individuals of epiphytic orchids, species names and number of individuals of phorophytes, and the vertical distribution of orchids on the phorophytes. A total of 15 epiphytic orchid species from 13 genera were recorded in the secondary forest of Coban Trisula. Appendicula angustifolia was the most abundant epiphytic orchid species (relative abundance = 52.4%), followed by Trichotosia annulata (29.9%). All recorded orchids were found growing on 21 individuals belonging to nine phorophyte species. Castanopsis javanica (mean = 589.5 orchid individuals/tree) and Engelhardia spicata (mean = 425.67 orchid individuals/tree) were the phorophytes hosting the highest number of orchid individuals, respectively. The greatest abundance of epiphytic orchids occurred on the basal and middle parts of the phorophyte branches (zone 3 and zone 4). This study indicates that orchid conservation management is required in Coban Trisula to protect orchid populations from potential human disturbances, as the site serves as a tourist destination.
GROWTH OF BLACK SOLDIER FLY LARVAE ( Hermetia illucens ) FED WITH PAK CHOI ( Brassica chinensis ) AND CARP ( Cyprinus carpio ) RESIDUES Agus Dana Permana; Ramadhani Eka Putra; Auliya Nurulfah; Mia Rosmiati; Ida Kinasih
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 28 No. 2 (2021): BIOTROPIA Vol.28 No.2, Agustus 2021
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2021.28.2.1078

Abstract

One main drawback of the local animal industry is the inavailability of affordable and sustainable protein supply for the livestock. Insect larvae, such as the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL), have been considered as a protein source which can be produced at a large scale using low cost organic wastes as feeding material. This study was designed to determine the response of BSFL to various waste combinations of vegetable and animal remains, Pak Choi (Brassica chinensis) residues (S) and carp (Cyprinus caprio) fish offal (I)). A total of 540 BSFL were fed with 100 mg/larvae/day combination of vegetable wastes: animal waste 70%: 30% (S > I), 50%: 50% (S = I), and 30%: 70% (S < I). Among the feed combinations, the S < I group showed the best results as it produced the significantly highest weight of BSFL at 122.8 mg/larvae and approximate digestibility of 62.01%, with the least pupae mortality rate at 4.29%.Keywords: bioconversion, biomass, Brassica chinensis, Cyprinus carpio, Hermetia illucen
GENETIC VARIATIONS AMONG AQUILARIA SPECIES AND GYRINOPS VERSTEEGII USING AMPLIFIED FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM MARKERS TORUAN-MATHIUS, NURITA; RAHMAWATI, DEWI; ANIDAH
BIOTROPIA Vol. 16 No. 2 (2009): BIOTROPIA Vol. 16 No. 2 December 2009
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2009.16.2.59

Abstract

Aquilaria sp Thymelaeaceae is the most valuable non wood production of  forestry plant in Indonesia It produces a fragrant resin when subjected to fungal attack and has been traded internationally  known  as  gaharu Knowledge  of   genetic  diversity  and  relationship  among species and genus is important for breeding purposes and species conservation In this study genetic variability of  six Aquilaria species were analyzed using the AmplifiedFragment Length Polymorphism  AFLP  markers  Ten  AFLP  primer combinations  amplified  1353  DNA fragments ranging  in size from100 to 350 bp of  which 1285 95 of  them were polymorphic Genetic similarities among Aquilaria sp consisted of  A malaccensis A beccariana A microcarpa and A  crassna  ranged  from 6390  to 7200 based on Dice coefficient The dendrogram derived by the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean of  germplasm analysiswere clustered into two main groups Hence a genetic variation among species is quiet high Bootstrap  values for  the  groups  supported  70  of   the  cluster  using  a linear  relationship equation of  r 0724 P 00001 was observedbetween known pedigrees and AFLPderived genetic similarity for 136 pairwise comparisons of  Aquilaria species For example A malacensis and A microcarpa have the highest genetic similarity 7200 compared with another Aquilaria species Primer pairs EACGMCTA produced a specific fragment for A beccariana 850 bp A  crasna 550 bp 180 bp and 140 bp A malaccencis 1500 bp A microcarpa 250 bp and Gyrinops versteegii 150 bp Primer pairs EACGMCAA produced a specific DNA fragment only for A beccariana 1500 bp and 100 bp  Primer pairs EACCMCAC also produced only specific fragment for A crassna 1500 bp Study showed the usefulness of  AFLP analysis in Aquilaria  sp  and  its  potential  application  for  breeding and  species  conservation  Further molecular  diversity  estimated  in  the  present  study  combined  with  the  datasets  on  other morphologicalagronomic  traits will be useful  for  selecting  the appropriate accessions  for plant improvement  through conventional and molecular breeding approaches.Key words Gaharu Aquilaria sp Gyrinops sp genetic diversity molecular marker amplifiedfragment  length polymorphism  AFLP
FISHERIES ASSOCIATED WITH MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM IN INDONESIA: A View from a Mangrove Ecologist SUKRISTIJONO SUKARDJO
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology No. 23 (2004)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2004.0.23.201

Abstract

Blessed with mangrove area of some 9.6 million ha in extent, Indonesia represents an important country with fishery resources being a source of food and nutrients. The fishery resources utilized by man, such as fishes, crustaceans and mollusks that are found in the mangrove ecosystem/swamp area arc enormous. There is a range of species caught in the mangrove and surrounding areas with over 70 species. However, commercially valued species are limited to a few such as rabbit fish, snapper, grouper, marline catfish, fringe-scale sardine, and anchovy. Leaf detritus from mangroves contribute a major energy input into fisheries. But information about the study on the relationship between fishery species and mangroves, ecologically and biologically, arc scanty. The mangrove is a physiographic unit, the principal components of which arc organisms. Therefore, the problems are predominantly of a biological nature (e.g., mangroves - fishery relationship). Positive correlation between the mangrove area and penaeid shrimp catch found in Indonesia, the Philippines, Australia and Mexico. Finally, the most important part of the variance of the MSY (Maximum Sustainable Yield) of penaieds (53% of the variance) could be explained by a combination of area of mangrove habitats and latitude. Keywords  :   Indonesia/Mangrove/Ecosystem/Fisheries/Ecology/Coastal areas/Fishes/Molluscans/ Crustaceans.
Payment for Environmental Services Approach to Reduce Flood in Ciliwung Watershed Saridewi, Tri Ratna; Hadi, Setia; Fauzi, Akhmad; Rusastra, I Wayan
BIOTROPIA Vol. 24 No. 2 (2017): BIOTROPIA Vol. 24 No. 2 August 2017
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2017.24.2.619

Abstract

Spatial planning has already been stipulated in Ciliwung Watershed, but its implementation is often not in line with the rapid development activities. To fulfill space demand, agricultural and forest areas are converted into open or built-up areas because the economic appreciation of forest and agricultural land is lower than that of open or built-up areas. Payment for Environmental Services (PES) is a tool designed to overcome environmental mismanagement, which is beneficial for the lives of rural communities. PES should be considered in the formulation of spatial planning. This study was aimed to develop optimum land use pattern in reducing flood in Ciliwung Watershed, using PES approach. This study used a dynamic system approach, consisting of submodels for land use pattern change, runoff, value of farmland, upstream subsidy policy, population dynamics, and environmental services. The results showed that the PES policy should be able to maintain the existence of paddy fields and dryland farming areas and to reduce runoff if it is implemented in the form of guaranteed access to the market, and held in conjunction with efforts to prevent land conversion and to implement reforestation policies. The optimum land use pattern under this condition shall be reached in 2023, which consisted of 0.82% water bodies, 10.74% forest areas, 70.34% built-up areas, 8.16% dryland farming areas, 4.97% grassland areas, 2.39% paddy field areas, and 2.58% open areas. This land use pattern can reduce runoff in Ciliwung River from 972.04 to 850 cm, and this level is considered to be flood-free. Communities living in the upstream areas are the most effective managers of the watershed.
MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF EGG PARASITOID, TELENOMUS SPP. (HYMENOPTERA: SCELIONIDAE) FROM SEVERAL LOCATIONS IN JAVA USING RAPD-PCR YULIARTI, NETTI; HIDAYAT, PURNAMA; BUCHORI, DAMAYANTI
BIOTROPIA No. 19 (2002)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2002.0.19.226

Abstract

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine the differences of four Telenomus species and five populations of T. rowani from several locations in Java. Amplification of genomic DNA by using primer P2 (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech) indicated that each Telenomus species had a unique set of RAPD bands. Two bands which characterized the genus are estimated to be 300 and 430 bp. Each species had three specific bright bands except T. dignoides which only had two specific bright bands. However, no bands are unique to any of the five populations of T. rowani and all of the bands are less than 500 base-pair. Cluster analysis using UPGMA (Unweighed Pair Group Method With Arithmatic Mean) showed that the four Telenomus species consist of two groups, T. rowani and T. remus  in one cluster and T. dignus with T. dignoides belonging to another cluster. Key words : PCR-RAPD / clustering / Telenomus spp.
Isolation, Characterization and Molecular Identification of Myxobacteria From Two Outermost Islands of Indonesia Meliah, Siti; Lisdiyanti, Puspita
BIOTROPIA Vol. 25 No. 2 (2018): BIOTROPIA Vol. 25 No. 2 August 2018
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2018.25.2.796

Abstract

Myxobacteria are Gram negative bacteria commonly found in soil, tree bark, and decay wood. These bacteria have unique social behaviors by forming fruiting bodies, moving by gliding motility and preying on other microorganisms. The research was conducted to isolate, characterize, and identify indigenous myxobacteria from Sumba and Papua Islands of Indonesia as a preliminary step to utilize their potential in the pharmaceutical industry. Myxobacteria were isolated using filter paper and baiting with Escherichia coli to obtain cellulolytic and bacteriolytic myxobacteria, respectively. Characterization of myxobacteria was performed with Gram staining, observation on pigmentation, morphology of vegetative cells, fruiting bodies, and myxospores. Molecular identification was conducted based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. A total of 10 myxobacterial strains were successfully isolated and purified. All isolates obtained were Gram negative, rod shaped with yellow or orange pigmentation. Fruiting bodies observed contained spherical myxospores. Molecular identification of these bacterial strains showed that they belong to myxobacteria from suborder Cystobacterineae, namely Myxococcus fulvus, Myxococcus stipitatus, and Melittangium lichenicola. To our knowledge, this is the first record of their occurrence in Indonesia.

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