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INDONESIA
AL KAUNIYAH
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
ISSN : 19783736     EISSN : 25026720     DOI : 10.15408/kauniyah
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi (p-ISSN: 1978-3736, e-ISSN: 2502-6720) is an Open Access Journal published by Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta, and established since 2007. Since 2016 Al-Kauniyah has established a collaboration with the Association of Lecturer in Biology and Biology Education throughout the State Islamic Higher University (PTKIN) in Indonesia. Until 2015, Al-Kauniyah covered environmental biology solely, but since 2016 the journal has been extended to cover the entire field of biological science (bioscience). By publishing biannually, on April and October, Al-Kauniyah is intended to communicate original researches and current issues on the subject of biology. Since volume 9 issue 1 April 2016, Al-Kauniyah had been changes the layout. This journal warmly welcomes contributions from scholars of related disciplines. Manuscripts can be submitted to AL-KAUNIYAH
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Articles 460 Documents
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DNA Barcoding Primer Design for Species Identification of Skipjack Tuna, Yellowfin Tuna, and Mackerel: Development and Validation of Primers for Genetic Research Iranawati, Feni; Martilla, Denisa Amevia Putri Ananda; Aliviyanti, Dian; Arifin, Sunanto
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v19i1.42706

Abstract

The DNA barcoding technique is primarily utilized to rapidly identify species, particularly when samples are damaged and cannot be identified accurately through morphological methods. This approach utilizes polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology to amplify DNA fragments from the targeted species, with its success largely due to the design of the primers employed. The cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, a mitochondrial gene, is frequently targeted in DNA barcoding and has been proven effective in distinguishing species. At Pondokdadap Port, over 90% of the fish caught consist of skipjack tuna, yellowfin tuna, and mackerel (T2C). This study aimed at designing silico DNA barcoding primers for these three species. The successful development of these primers may facilitate the documentation and understanding of the genetic diversity of the species under study, which is crucial for efficient and effective fisheries management. The primer design process applied Primer-BLAST software from the NCBI website, followed by additional testing with OligoAnalyzer. The selected primer pairs were the forward primer 5'-GGCCCATGCCTTCGTAATGA-3' and the reverse primer 5'-GCAGGGTCGAAGAAGGTTGT-3'. These primers successfully amplified the DNA of T2C fish, with PCR results indicating that the optimal annealing temperature for these primers was 55 °C
Biodiversity of Tree Species: Composition and Structure in Raden Soerjo Grand Forest Park, Batu, East Java, Indonesia Khoirunnisa, Khoirunnisa; Wisanti, Wisanti; Indah, Novita Kartika; Iman, Muhamad Hilmi Ihsanul; Ullah, Lisa Rohmatul
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v19i1.43321

Abstract

Raden Soerjo Grand Forest Park is a conservation area in East Java with moderate tree diversity. This study analyzed the diversity, composition, and structure of trees in three vegetation types: open forest, closed forest, and post-fire forest. Data collection used a systematic sampling method with random start. Data in the form of tree species names and numbers of individuals were analyzed to determine the ecological index and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). A total of 25 species from 21 families were identified, with Fagaceae and Lauraceae dominating in open and closed forests, and Casuarinaceae in post-fire forest. Lithocarpus sundaicus showed the highest Importance Value Index in open and closed forests, while Casuarina junghuhniana dominated the post-fire forest. Pioneer species such as Homalanthus populneus, Ficus hispida, and C. junghuhniana were present in all vegetation types. The diversity index showed moderate diversity (1.79 and 2.09), low species richness (2.22 and 3.45), and high evenness (0.69 and 0.71) in open and closed forests. Tree distribution is dominated by the 61–80 cm diameter class in open and closed forests, and 41–60 cm in post-fire forests. CCA showed that light intensity, soil moisture, air temperature, and soil pH influence species distribution. Four species are endemic to Indonesia, with three species of conservation concern: Lithocarpus korthalsii and Canthiumera glabra (near threatened), and Saurauia bracteosa (vulnerable).
Stability of Morphophysiological Characters, Tuber Yield, and FBPase Gene Expression in Transgenic Potato Cultivar IPB-CP3 Suaidi, Malik Nuris; Tjahjoleksono, Aris; Miftahudin, M
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v19i1.43558

Abstract

Potatoes are an essential agricultural commodity that needs to be genetically improved to increase productivity and meet industrial needs. The research aimed to evaluate the stability of the morpho-physiological characters, tuber yield, and transgene expression of transgenic potato cultivar IPB-CP3 harboring the FBPase gene in the G0 and G1 generations. The study was conducted by growing transgenic plants in a greenhouse and analyzing plant morpho-physiological characters, tuber yield, and gene expression. The results showed that transgenic plants had higher values in stem diameter (32.7–50.8%), number of leaves (33.9–41.2%), biomass dry weight (14.4–36.2%), photosynthetic rate (25.2–28.25%), and tuber weight (42.6–196.0%) than non-transgenic plants. However, there was no significant difference in plant height characters between the transgenic and non-transgenic plants. Transgenic plants consistently expressed the FBPase gene at higher level than the non-transgenic plants in the G0 and G1 generations. The research results suggest that overexpression of the FBPase gene increases plant growth and tuber yield. This finding implies agricultural practices, particularly in the context of crop improvement through genetic engineering.
Anatomical and Physiological Appearances of Seagrass (Enhalus acoroides) in The Polluted Environment of Kayeli Bay, Maluku Province Natsir, Nur Alim; T, Rosmawati; AF, Asyik Nur Allifah
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v19i1.43605

Abstract

Pollution in Kayeli Bay is from the Marlosso and Nametek rivers. This area forces full adaptation of biota, including the seagrass Enhalus acoroides. This study aimed to compare changes in the anatomical  structure and physiological response of the seagrass Enhalus acoroides. The preparation method uses a modification of the Ruzin method. Measurements are made using a microscope equipped with a micrometer and a spectrophotometer. The results showed that the thickness of the root epidermis and endodermis in the Marlosso area was 5.77 μm and 2.3 μm; and in Nametek, epidermis 5.58 μm and endodermis 1.54 μm. The epidermis and endodermis of the Marlosso rhizomes are 9.98 μm and 3.5 μm. Nametek rhizomes are 6.62 μm and 3 μm. The leaf tissue in Marlosso, namely the adaxial and abaxial cuticle, is 0.57 μm, the adaxial and abaxial epidermis is 2.84 μm and 2.78 μm, the thickness of the epidermis and cuticle is 10.2 μm and 1.81 μm. Nametek Waters are 0.45 μm and 0.54 μm, and the adaxial and abaxial epidermis are 1.62 μm and 2.29 μm. It was concluded that there was thickening of the cell walls in all tissues in the Marlosso River, and showed lower chlorophyll content compared to Nametek.
Isolation, Screening, and Characterization of Carbonatogenic Bacteria From Bukit Bulan Lime Soil as Alternative Biocement Agents for Self-Healing Concrete Cracks Kurniawan, Hafiz Muchti; Yulianto, Didik; Bestnissa, Nadya; Satria, Darma; Pratomo, Soni
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v19i1.43636

Abstract

Eight carbonatogenic bacterial isolates have been successfully isolated from the limestone soils of Bukit Bulan, Jambi Province, Indonesia. This research aims to obtain superior bacteria as biocement agents that can help the self-healing process of concrete cracks. The eight carbonatogenic bacteria are isolates coded BB1, BB2, BB3, BB4, BB5, BB6, BB7, and BB8. Qualitative screening revealed that all isolates were capable of forming calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) precipitation in the test medium. Quantitative tests revealed that all isolates were capable of producing precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). CaCO₃ crystals produced by carbonatogenic bacteria exhibit properties of both calcite and vaterite phases, which can potentially enhance the strength of concrete structures. Seventy-five % of the isolates are gram-positive, and 25% are gram-negative. All isolates can produce the enzyme cytochrome oxidase C, which enhances the natural self-healing ability of bacteria in repairing concrete. All isolates can decompose urea, suggesting that they may contribute to the formation of CaCO₃ minerals. The motility test revealed that 50% of carbonatogenic bacteria are motile, which can enhance the efficiency in self-healing concrete. When applied to concrete mixtures, it is known that the carbonatogenic bacteria BB1, BB2, BB3, and BB4 can aid in repairing concrete cracks. The BB3 isolate can close concrete cracks faster than other isolates, indicating that it has the potential to be further developed as a biocement agent.
The Effect of Muntingia calabura L. Leaf Extract Administration on Blood Glucose Levels and Sperm Motility and Viability in Streptozotocin-Induced Mice Pritasari, Ilham Arzy Diana; Hasanah, Uswatun; Harfiani, Erna; Nurcita, Boenga
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v19i1.43915

Abstract

Increased reactive oxygen species levels, a result of antioxidant imbalance in diabetic, can affect metabolism and cellular respiration, especially spermatogenesis that affects sperm quality. Muntingia calabura has proven to be effective as an antidiabetic and rich antioxidant through several studies. This study aims to analyse the effectiveness of Muntingia leaf extract on blood sugar levels, sperm motility, and viability in mice induced by streptozotocin. A diabetic animal model was developed with repeated low doses of streptozotocin. The group  was divided into 5 groups, which are the negative control, positive control, and three extract groups (100, 150, 200 mg/kg). Blood sugar tests showed that the positive control group, mice induced with streptozotocin without Muntingia leaf extract, had the highest blood sugar levels. Treatment groups with Muntingia leaf extract had different results, those groups successfully reduced blood sugar levels to normal levels. The highest dose, 200 mg/kg, of Muntingia leaf extract reached 85.9% normal sperm motility and 82.9% sperm viability. The ANOVA test result showed a significant relationship between blood sugar levels with sperm motility and viability in streptozotocin-induced mice after Muntingia leaf extract administration. Muntingia leaf extract has the potential to reduce blood sugar levels in hypergly-cemic conditions and to improve sperm motility and viability.
Bacteriophage-Based Wound Care Formulation for Diabetic Ulcers as A Growth Inhibitor of Alcaligenes faecalis Kiswara, Nur Hanifah Alim; Ludfillah, Rayyan Zhafir; Febrianti, Riska Ayu; Narulita, Erlia; Winarti, Lina
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v19i1.44082

Abstract

Diabetic ulcers are frequently complicated by infections from multidrug-resistant bacteria such as Alcaligenes faecalis, necessitating the development of alternative therapeutic strategies. Bacteriophage therapy presents a promising approach due to its specificity and efficacy against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a bacteriophage-based topical cleanser using the phage ϕAFaV1 for treating A. faecalis infections, focusing on high antibacterial efficacy and low dermal toxicity. Three suspension formulas (F1, F2, F3) were prepared with varying chitosan concentrations (0.5; 0.75, and 1.0%) as a suspending agent. These formulations underwent physical stability testing over 28 days, including assessments of viscosity, pH, zeta potential, and homogeneity. Antibacterial efficacy was determined through inhibition zone assays. All three formulations effectively inhibited bacterial growth, forming clear zones. The F2 formula (0.75% chitosan), containing 200 µL of active phage ingredient, was identified as the optimum formulation. It demonstrated superior physical stability and the most effective bactericidal activity against A. faecalis, as confirmed by statistical analysis. These results indicate that a bacteriophage suspension stabilized with 0.75% chitosan is a highly promising and stable topical agent for combating multidrug-resistant A. faecalis in diabetic wound care.
Spatial Analysis of Vegetation Density in Langsa City Using NDVI Index Unsha, Fuji Attariq; Rasnovi, Saida; Dahlan
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v19i1.44468

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the distribution of vegetation density in Langsa City using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The research was conducted from June to October 2024, covering a study area of ​​21,881.41 ha. The method used is remote sensing, using Sentinel-2A satellite imagery, along with Geographic Information System (GIS) software, specifically ArcGIS, for mapping and spatial analysis. The NDVI classification results show five land cover categories based on NDVI value ranges. NDVI Class 1 (-0.38 to -0.02) includes non-vegetated land and water bodies. NDVI Class 2 (-0.02–0.20) indicates very low greenness, typically consisting of bare land. NDVI Class 3 (0.20–0.38) represents low greenness, which includes built-up areas. NDVI Class 4 (0.38–0.54) includes moderate greenness, typically found in plantations or fields, while NDVI Class 5 (0.54–0.83) represents high greenness, covering areas such as shrubs, forests, and mangroves. This analysis provides valuable information for land use planning and environmental management based on spatial vegetation data. The results of this study are expected to serve as a basis for policy-making that supports the sustainable management and conservation of vegetation in Langsa City.
Populasi dan Intensitas Serangan Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith Pada Tanaman Jagung di Kecamatan Pacet dan Cimaung, Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat Aulia, Nurul; Priyanti, Priyanti; Bagariang, Willing
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v18i2.44893

Abstract

Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith merupakan hama penting yang mengganggu produktivitas tanaman jagung di seluruh dunia. Serangan S. frugiperda dilaporkan pertama kali ditemukan di Jawa Barat pada tahun 2019. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui populasi dan intensitas serangan S. frugiperda pada sentra tanaman jagung di Kecamatan Pacet dan Kecamatan Cimaung, Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat. Pengamatan dilakukan pada tanaman jagung berumur 2, 4, 6, dan 8 minggu setelah tanam (MST). Rataan populasi kelompok telur (0,036 ± 0,01), larva (0,29 ± 0,03), dan intensitas serangan (22,47%) S. frugiperda di Kecamatan Pacet lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan Kecamatan Cimaung (rataan populasi telur sebesar 0,004 ± 0,00, larva 0,10 ± 0,01, intensitas serangan 14,87%). Tingkat serangan S. frugiperda dipengaruhi oleh umur tanaman dan jenis varietas jagung. Intensitas serangan S. frugiperda akan mengalami peningkatan mulai dari fase vegetatf (2 MST) dan akan menurun saat memasuki fase generatif (8 MST). Rataan intensitas serangan S. frugiperda lebih rendah pada jagung varietas Scada (14,76 ± 1,82%) dibandingkan varietas Paragon (30,40 ± 2,89%). Spodoptera frugiperda merupakan hama pada pertanaman jagung yang perlu dikendalikan populasinya.
Microplastics Desorption From Green Mussels (Perna viridis L., 1758) Using Oxidizing Agent Ca(OH)2 Putri, Lily Surayya Eka; Mardiansyah, Mardiansyah; Yulia, Anis
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v18i2.44931

Abstract

Microplastics (MPs) are currently one of the main pollutants in the aquatic environment and translocation to the human body will cause health problems. This study aims to find the desorption formula for MPs from green mussels (Perna viridis) with the oxidizing agent Ca(OH)2 or whiting lime. The results will be compared with the use of HNO3 which is commonly used for MPs analysis. There were 2 variations of Ca(OH)2, namely 10 and 15 mL, and soaking for 15; 30; and 60 minutes. The abundance and characteristics of MPs (shape, size, and color) were observed in 30 samples with 3 repetitions. The results of this research indicate that all samples have been contaminated with MPs. The highest number of MPs was found in the immersion of Ca(OH)2 for 30 minutes at a concentration of 15 mL of 1% Ca(OH)2. The oxidizing agent Ca(OH)2 was able to remove MPs much higher than HNO3 with an effectiveness of 72.98–1,120% or 2–12 times, which was supported by statistical results that showed significant differences (P <0.05). Thus, the conclusion is that the use of Ca(OH)2 is effective in removing MPs from green mussels with an optimal ratio of 1:3.8 (g/mL).

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