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INDONESIA
AL KAUNIYAH
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
ISSN : 19783736     EISSN : 25026720     DOI : 10.15408/kauniyah
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi (p-ISSN: 1978-3736, e-ISSN: 2502-6720) is an Open Access Journal published by Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta, and established since 2007. Since 2016 Al-Kauniyah has established a collaboration with the Association of Lecturer in Biology and Biology Education throughout the State Islamic Higher University (PTKIN) in Indonesia. Until 2015, Al-Kauniyah covered environmental biology solely, but since 2016 the journal has been extended to cover the entire field of biological science (bioscience). By publishing biannually, on April and October, Al-Kauniyah is intended to communicate original researches and current issues on the subject of biology. Since volume 9 issue 1 April 2016, Al-Kauniyah had been changes the layout. This journal warmly welcomes contributions from scholars of related disciplines. Manuscripts can be submitted to AL-KAUNIYAH
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 460 Documents
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The Composition of The Foraging Habitat of Bats (Pteropodidae) in Three Urban Open Spaces in South Tangerang City Hidayah, Khohirul; Meidiyanto, Meidiyanto; Wijayanti, Fahma; Handayani, Nurul
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v18i2.40872

Abstract

Pteropodidae bats play an important role in seed dispersal and plant pollination in urban areas. This study aims to identify microclimate factors and forage plant phenology that influence the selection of foraging habitats of Pteropodidae bats in three Green Open Spaces of South Tangerang City. Bat captures were conducted using mist nets placed purposively, for 3 nights with 2 mist nets each in 3 different habitat types. The analysis used was Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) using Canoco software version 4.5. The results found 4 types of Pteropodidae bats, namely Cynopterus brachyotis, Cynopterus horsfieldii, Cynopterus titthaecheilus, and Macroglossus sobrinus. A total of 28 species from 18 plant families were identified that have the potential to be used as food for Pteropodidae bats in South Tangerang City. Based on the results of the analysis using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), the microclimate factors that influence foraging preferences are the level of disturbance and 3 groups have different tendencies in choosing foraging habitats.
Sesquiterpene Content Analysis of Agarwood Inoculated Using The Simpori Technique Pratiwi, Dian; Wahyuni, Resti
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v18i2.40877

Abstract

Agarwood is a resin formed in plants that belong to the Thymelaeaceae family, including Gyrinops Versteeg, as a result of damage or microbial infection. The content of sesquiterpenes in both the wild and cultivated agarwood indicates its quality. Nevertheless, information regarding the comparison between the content has not been provided. This study aimed at identifying the sesquiterpenes in G. versteegii inoculated using the simpori technique with various dosages of inoculants (3; 9; and 18 mL/porous nail) and harvested at 18 months after inoculation. The harvested agarwood was extracted using n-hexane solvent. The chemical compositions were subsequently analyzed using the GC-MS. Compounds with a similarity index above 80% were analyzed, including their presence and percentage in the agarwood. The statistical significance test was carried out with a 5% level of significance. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed a P-value <0.05, indicating the significant differences between the inoculant dosages on the percentage of sesquiterpenes. Agarwood with F. solani at a dosage of 9 mL/porous nail shows the best result with a Mean Rank of 16 and 23.69% of sesquiterpenes. It contains aromadendrene; α-selinene; (1aS,4aS,8aR)-4a,8,8-trimethyl-2-methylene-1,1a,2,4a,5,6,7,8-ctahydrocyclopropa[d]naphthalene; 6-Methyl-2-(4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl)hepta-1,5-dien-4-ol; alloaromadendrene; and eremophilene. Therefore, this dosage is recommended for optimizing agarwood production.
Methane Gas Production In Buffalo Rumen Fluid Containing Citronella Residue (Cymbopogon nardus L.) by In Vitro Method Sari, Arina Findo; Mangunwardoyo, Wibowo; Setiawan, Fery Hadi; Sugoro, Irawan
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v18i2.40935

Abstract

Methane is one of the greenhouse gases produced by ruminants. One way to reduce methane is by feeding development strategies. Concentrates or forage are two possible forms of animal feed. Forage can be replaced with citronella (Cymbopogon nardus L.) residue, which has not been fully consumed as feed. The purpose of the study was to decide the production of methane gas that has residual citronella to concentrate in buffalo rumen fluid in vitro, for 48 hours. The treatments in this research were 0.4 g citronella residue (A); 0.4 g citronella residue + 0.01 g concentrate (B); 0.4 g citronella residue + 0.02 g concentrate (C); 0.01 g concentrate (D); and 0.02 g concentrate (E). For the 48-hour measurements, the highest methane gas production was treatment 98.2% (D); followed by 92.06% (E); 17.71% (C); 15.33% (A); and 13.54% (B). It can be concluded that methane gas can be reduced by residue citronella. This shows that citronella residue can lower methane gas. The study's findings are anticipated to be among the references for using agricultural product residues, particularly citronella as animal feed to reduce the methane produced by the livestock industry
Detection and Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria in Monomorium sp. Ant in The Environment of Kendari City Hospital, Southeast Sulawesi Amirullah, Amirullah; Yanti, Nur Arfa; Surachma, Wahyuni Nurul; Suriana, Suriana
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v18i2.41032

Abstract

Monomorium sp. ant is one of the insects that are considered pests in the hospital environment and potential to be mechanical vectors that can carry and spread pathogenic bacteria and cause nosocomial infections. This study aims to detect and identify pathogenic bacteria found in Monomorium sp. ants originating from the environment of Kendari City Hospital, Southeast Sulawesi. Sampling of Monomorium sp. was carried out by the bait/sugar trap method in 3 locations of Kendari City Hospital, namely internal inpatient rooms, nutrition installations, and laboratory installations. Detection of pathogenic bacteria was carried out by the pour plate method on selective media, namely MacConkey Agar and Mannitol Salt Agar. The identification of bacteria was carried out by numerical-phenetic analysis based on phenotypic characters using the MVSP 3.1 application. The results of the study identified 5 species of pathogenic bacteria found in Monomorium sp. ants from the Kendari City Hospital environment. Three species of bacteria were found in ants from the internal inpatient room, namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Brevundimonas vesicularis, and two species found in ants from nutrition installations, namely Pseudomonas luteola and Staphylococcus auricularis. No pathogenic bacteria were found in ants from the laboratory installation.
Diversity and Distribution Patterns of Understory Invasive Plant Species in The Cisorog Block, Mount Tilu Nature Reserve Supriatna, Ateng; Amalia, Risqi; Akbar, Rahmat Mustahiq Taufiq; Efendi, Muhammad
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v19i1.41327

Abstract

Invasive plants can reduce biodiversity, particularly in understory vegetation, by altering ecosystem composition and dynamics. Conservation areas, such as the Mount Tilu Nature Reserve (NR) in Bandung Regency, play a vital role in maintaining ecological balance. One of its blocks, Cisorog Block, consists of open areas directly adjacent to public activities, which support the growth and spread of invasive species. This study aims to analyze the diversity, distribution patterns, and environmental factors influencing invasive understory species in Cisorog Block. Vegetation analysis and principal component analysis were conducted within a 47- hectare area at three sampling points. A total of 39 invasive species from 21 families were identified. Species with the highest Important Value Index (IVI) included Cyrtandra grandis (93.714%) at station 1, Cyperus odoratus (33.927%) at station 2, and Commelina benghalensis (15.353%) at station 3. The invasive evenness index was relatively high (0.65–0.85), while the diversity index was moderate (1.05–2.96). All species exhibited clumped distribution patterns.The environmental factors most strongly associated with invasive species distribution were light intensity and air humidity. These results emphasize the importance of developing management strategies based on environmental factors to control invasive plants and conserve biodiversity in the Mount Tilu Nature Reserve.
Significance of Nitrogen Limited Medium (NLM) Components on Lipid Production Lipomyces starkeyi Y853 Khairani, Aqila Raihana; Ilmi, Miftahul
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v18i2.41575

Abstract

Oleaginous yeasts, such as Lipomyces starkeyi, can convert carbon and nitrogen sources into lipids up to 50% of the cell's dry weight. A high lipid percentage was achieved (53.5%) using Nitrogen Limited Medium (NLM), which indicates that the components of NLM play a role in the production of biomass and lipids. Nevertheless, the statistical analysis of the role of NLM components on lipid production has not yet been conducted. Thus, this research was designed and carried out to determine the role of NLM components in lipid production using Plackett-Burman Design. The results show that the variables had an insignificant impact on lipid production based on the ANOVA test (P >0.05). Additionally, main effect plots were generated to identify the negative and positive effects of the components. The graph indicates that peptone and yeast extract (YE) are essential components in high concentrations to increase lipid production. This result was due to the insufficient concentration used in this experiment (YE= 0.5 g/L; peptone= 0.3 g/L) compared to the optimal conditions (YE= 8 g/L; peptone= 3 g/L). Therefore, further research should be conducted with the addition of external factors (pH, temperature, shaker speed) to acquire more significant results on biomass lipid production.
Efficacy of Salak Seed and Pomelo Peel Extracts on HeLa Cell Apoptosis and Proliferation Azis, Aditya Latiful; Ceria, Asy Syifa Paras; Tsany, Shabrina Farras; Saffana, Rahmalia Diani; Nuryanto, Faqih Fikri; Tunjung, Woro Anindito Sri
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v18i2.41782

Abstract

The development of adjuvant therapies is vital for reducing cancer recurrence and minimizing the adverse effects of conventional treatments. Salak seeds (Salacca zalacca) and pomelo peels (Citrus maxima) are rich in bioactive compounds such as terpenoids, flavonoids, lycopene, and polyphenols, making them promising candidates for adjuvant cancer therapy. This study evaluated the anticancer effects of their individual and combined extracts. Bioactive compounds in salak seed (S) and pomelo peel (J) extracts were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and analyzed in silico to assess their binding affinities to key target proteins: COX-2 (anti-inflammatory), caspase-3 (apoptosis induction), and PI3K (cell proliferation). The extracts were tested in vitro on cervical cancer HeLa cells at varying treatment groups: S; J; 1S3J; 1S1J; and 3S1J. Assays evaluated anti-inflammatory activity, cytotoxicity, cell migration inhibition, and apoptosis induction. Both in silico and in vitro analyses consistently demonstrated that the extracts significantly reduced cell viability exhibited anti-inflammatory effects, inhibited cell proliferation, and enhanced apoptosis. Among the tested treatments, the 1S1J combination showed the most pronounced effects across all parameters, highlighting its synergistic interaction, and superior therapeutic potential. These findings position the 1S1J combination as an optimal candidate for adjuvant cervical cancer therapy, warranting further investigation.
The Utilization of Cosmetic Plants: An Ethnobotanical Study in Indonesia Peniwidiyanti, Peniwidiyanti; Hasanah, Ida Farida; Rahayu, Mulyati
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v19i1.41864

Abstract

Indonesia has a long history and development of plant utilization for cosmetics; until now, various cosmetic products have been mass-produced and can slowly eliminate the traditional knowledge of local communities on plants that have potential as cosmetics. This study aims to provide information about the types of potential cosmetic plants used by people from several regions in Indonesia. The methods used were open-ended, non-structured interviews and direct observation in the field. The research was conducted in five locations from four provinces (Banten, West Java, West Nusa Tenggara, and Southeast Sulawesi), and 34 plant species from 24 families were recorded. The Zingiberaceae family is the group with the highest number of species, at four. Fruit was the most utilized plant part at 35.2%, followed by flowers and leaves. Most recorded plants were used in skin care (40.38%). Santalum album is one of the plant species that is utilized and is now included as one of the threatened plant species, and there is a need for conservation efforts for this species.
Abundance, Diversity, and Water Quality Assessment of Epilithic Diatoms as Bioindicator in The Dem River, Glothak Waterfall, Wagir District, Malang Regency Punjungsari, Tyas Nyonita; Ghurry, Muhammad Ainul
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v19i1.42143

Abstract

The Dem River, originating from the Coban Glothak Waterfall, is an important water source for local communities. However, the rapid growth of tourism in the Coban Glothak area raises concerns regarding potential water pollution. To evaluate the river’s ecological condition, this study analyzed biological, physical, and chemical parameters with a focus on epilithic diatoms as bioindicators. An exploratory design was applied across three representative stations, each subdivided into three sampling points. Biological analysis involved measuring abundance, diversity, and dominance of diatoms using PAST software. Physical and chemical parameters included temperature, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate (NO₃), and phosphate (PO₄). Results showed that epilithic diatom abundance was relatively high at all stations, but a decreasing trend was observed from station 1 to station 3, reflecting spatial variations in environmental conditions. The diversity index consistently exceeded 1.5, indicating a fairly diverse diatom community and suggesting supportive water conditions for aquatic organisms. Low dominance values at all stations revealed no species over-dominance, reflecting balanced ecological conditions. Furthermore, the physical and chemical measurements aligned with class 2 and 3 water quality standards, confirming that the Dem River remains suitable for sustaining aquatic life with reasonable diversity.
Potential Combination of Cermai (Phyllanthus acidus) and Mulberry (Morus alba) Fruit Extract as a Candidate For Tyrosinase Inhibitor Susanti, Erna; AS, Nour Athiroh; Ramadhan, Majida; Mardhiyah, Mardhiyah; Noor, Mahanem Mat
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v18i2.42571

Abstract

Melanin, a pigment derived from UV radiation, is crucial in preventing skin damage and can cause aesthetic and dermatological problems such as hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation. Melanogenesis is a complex process involving enzymes and cytokines, with UV being a primary contributor. Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in melanin synthesis. This study aims to test the potential of combining cermai fruit extract (CE) and mulberry fruit (ME) as a tyrosinase inhibitor. The tests included antioxidant activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, total phenolic content using the Folin Ciocalteu method, flavonoid content using the AlCl3 colorimetric method, and sun protection factor (SPF) value using UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. The results showed that the highest total phenolic content was observed in (CE), followed by the combination of ME: CE in the ratio of 1:3, 1:1, 3:1, and then ME. The same pattern was seen in the flavonoid content assay results. The antioxidant activity, as indicated by the IC50 values, followed the following order CE 418.30%; ME: CE (1:3) 400.49%; ME: CE (1:1) 367.73%; ME: CE (3:1) 358.04%; and ME 344.43%. The highest SPF value was observed in ME. It can be concluded that this study shows that the combination of CE and ME extracts has potential as a tyrosinase inhibitor and skin protective agent from hyperpigmentation due to UV exposure.

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