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INDONESIA
AL KAUNIYAH
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
ISSN : 19783736     EISSN : 25026720     DOI : 10.15408/kauniyah
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi (p-ISSN: 1978-3736, e-ISSN: 2502-6720) is an Open Access Journal published by Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta, and established since 2007. Since 2016 Al-Kauniyah has established a collaboration with the Association of Lecturer in Biology and Biology Education throughout the State Islamic Higher University (PTKIN) in Indonesia. Until 2015, Al-Kauniyah covered environmental biology solely, but since 2016 the journal has been extended to cover the entire field of biological science (bioscience). By publishing biannually, on April and October, Al-Kauniyah is intended to communicate original researches and current issues on the subject of biology. Since volume 9 issue 1 April 2016, Al-Kauniyah had been changes the layout. This journal warmly welcomes contributions from scholars of related disciplines. Manuscripts can be submitted to AL-KAUNIYAH
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Articles 481 Documents
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Manajemen Konservasi Iktiofauna di Kawasan Cagar Budaya Nasional Muaro Jambi Tedjo Sukmono; Yoppie Wulanda; Lauura Hermala Yunita; Rizky Janatul Magwa; Tri Syukria Putra; Pradita Eko Prasetyo Utomo
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 19 No. 2 (2026): AL-KAUNIYAH: JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v19i2.42701

Abstract

Penurunan kualitas perairan Sungai Batanghari akibat aktivitas pencemaran antropogenik telah mengurangi keanekaragaman ikan secara signifikan dari 297 spesies menjadi ±134 spesies dalam dua dekade terakhir. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kawasan Cagar Budaya Nasional (KCBN) Muaro Jambi untuk mengidentifikasi spesies ikan langka dan terancam punah, menilai karakteristik habitatnya, serta menyusun rancangan konservasi berbasis zonasi. Data diperoleh pada musim hujan 2023 dan musim kemarau 2024 melalui survei, pemetaan habitat, studi populasi ikan, dan wawancara dengan masyarakat setempat. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di berbagai stasiun di KCBN Muaro Jambi, ditemukan 38 spesies ikan dengan status konservasi menurut International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), seperti Betta rubra dan Betta picta (EN), Hemibagrus planiceps (VU), dan Trichopodus leerii (NT). Rancangan zonasi konservasi meliputi zona inti (Danau Klari, Sungai Melayu) untuk perlindungan habitat dan populasi ikan langka, zona pemanfaatan Terbatas (Sungai Jambi, Parit Johor) untuk kegiatan restocking dan penangkapan ikan terbatas, serta zona penyangga (Hilir Sungai Berembang, Danau Tebat Patah, Kolam Telago Rajo) untuk pemulihan habitat oleh masyarakat. Zonasi ini diharapkan dapat melestarikan keanekaragaman hayati perairan Sungai Batanghari dan mendukung pengelolaan sumber daya secara berkelanjutan.
The Effectiveness Assay of Healing Incutions of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCS) Ethanol Extract of Moringa Leaf (Moringa oleifera) on White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Bambang Wijianto; Liza Pratiwi
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 19 No. 2 (2026): AL-KAUNIYAH: JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v19i2.43051

Abstract

Wounds are disruptions of tissue integrity that impair normal physiological function. Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) are lipid-based nanosystems that enhance the delivery of bioactive compounds. Moringa oleifera leaves contain bioactive constituents, including isothiocyanates and cytokinins (zeatin), which exhibit antibacterial activity and promote cell proliferation, potentially accelerating wound healing. This study aimed to evaluate the wound-healing effectiveness of NLCs containing Moringa oleifera leaf ethanol extract. An acute open-incision wound model was established in rats, divided into five groups: normal control, betadine ointment (positive control), NLC base (negative control), extract gel, and NLCs containing 5% Moringa oleifera leaf ethanol extract. Treatments were applied topically, and wound healing was monitored by measuring wound area reduction with ImageJ. The percentage of wound closure and area under the curve (AUC) values were calculated and analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Both the extract gel and NLC formulations accelerated wound healing compared with the positive and negative controls. Complete wound closure was achieved on day 8 in the treatment groups, whereas the positive and negative controls reached complete closure on days 10 and 14, respectively. These findings indicate that NLCs containing Moringa oleifera leaf ethanol extract have potential as an effective topical formulation for promoting wound healing.
Epifaunal Gastropods Diversity in Small Island Waters of Batam City Border Region Raja Indra Saputra; Ramses Ramses; Fauziah Syamsi; Dahrul Aman Harahap; Romie Jhonnerie
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 19 No. 2 (2026): AL-KAUNIYAH: JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v19i2.43637

Abstract

This research examines gastropod epifauna diversity across ten small islands in Batam City, which directly borders international shipping lanes. Data collection was occurred in rocky intertidal zones using sweep sampling. The inventory revealed 12 gastropod species from 8 families, with a total abundance of 7,913 individuals. Nerita undata, Trochus marmoratus, and Euchelus atratus species dominated, contributing 56.80% to the total individuals found. The Shannon-Wiener index (H') values ranged from 1.458 to 2.103, indicating moderate diversity with moderate ecological pressure. The relatively high evenness index (E) (0.762–0.921) shows an even distribution of individuals between islands, while the low dominance index (C) (0.147–0.371) confirms the absence of genuinely dominant species. Pearson correlation analysis reveals that water clarity significantly correlated with diversity (P <0.05), whereas salinity and current velocity influence species distribution. Anthropogenic activities manifest through TDS and pH value variations affecting gastropod community stability, particularly in shipping and shipbuilding industries. These results emphasize the importance of environmental quality monitoring and implementation of sustainable conservation programs in Batam City's border areas. Future research should highlight population genetic dynamics and adaptive responses of gastropods to habitat changes. A holistic approach involving stakeholders becomes necessary to maintain biodiversity conservation and ecosystem sustainability.
Immunoglobulin M Response Post DBL2Β-PFEMP1 Recombinant Protein Injection in Wistar Rats: Study for Malaria Vaccine Development Erma Sulistyaningsih; Achmad Faza Abdillah; Rosita Dewi; Sheilla Rachmania
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 19 No. 2 (2026): AL-KAUNIYAH: JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v19i2.44265

Abstract

Vaccination is vital in malaria prevention strategies. The DBL2β-PfEMP1 recombinant protein is a malaria vaccine candidate due to its essential role in severe pathogenesis. This study analyzed the IgM levels after DBL2β-PfEMP1 recombinant protein injection. This study used nineteen male Wistar rats, aged 2–3 months, and was divided into a control group, which was injected with NaCl 0.9%, and four treatment groups, which were injected with DBL2β-PfEMP1 protein in doses of 150 μg without adjuvant, and 150, 300, and 450 μg with adjuvant. Rats were injected subcutaneously twice at a 6-week interval. Blood samples were collected two weeks after injection. IgM was measured using the ELISA. There was an increasing trend in IgM levels after the DBL2β-PfEMP1 protein injection with a dose-dependent effect in the primary injection. The One-way ANOVA test showed a significant difference between groups (p = 0.037), and the post-hoc Bonferroni test showed a significant difference only between a control and treatment group of 450 μg + adjuvant (p= 0.046). A trend of increasing IgM in secondary injection was only observed in the 150 μg + adjuvant group, which is suggested as an optimum dose. Further analysis of other immune indicators is needed to draw a comprehensive immune response in developing a malaria vaccine candidate.
In Vitro Evaluation of Antifungal of Ungu Leaf (Graptophyllum Pictum L. Griff) Extract and Actinomycetes Isolates Against Candida albicans Desya Rizqia Putri Khairani; Meiskha Bahar; Yuni Setyaningsih; Fajriati Zulfa
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 19 No. 2 (2026): AL-KAUNIYAH: JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v19i2.44425

Abstract

The high prevalence of infections caused by the opportunistic fungus Candida albicans encourages research to find alternative antifungals that are safer and more effective than synthetic drugs, which can cause side effects and resistance. This study aims to compare the antifungal potential of purple leaf extract (Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff) and Actinomycetes isolates against the growth of C. albicans using the Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) method and tested by the well diffusion method at concentrations of 30; 40; and 50%. The results showed that purple leaf extract inhibited the growth of C. albicans with an average inhibition zone diameter between 16.475 mm to 18.2 mm, while Actinomycetes isolates showed a smaller inhibition zone, which was between 10.875 mm to 12.05 mm. Statistical analysis using the independent T-test and Mann-Whitney test confirmed a significant difference in inhibition between purple leaf extract and the Actinomycetes isolate at each concentration tested. The mechanism of action of both is by binding to ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane, forming complex compounds that result in increased permeability and ultimately inhibit fungal growth. Especially at 30% concentration, purple leaf extract showed the highest effectiveness with an average inhibition zone of 18.2 mm.
Chromium Bioremediation Using a Combination of Two Indigenous Rhizobacteria In Vitro Wahyu Surakusumah; Nurul Ilma Apriliani; Diah Kusumawaty; Wijanarka Wijanarka; Achmad Dinoto; Restu Utari Dewina
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 19 No. 2 (2026): AL-KAUNIYAH: JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v19i2.44529

Abstract

Sukaregang, known for its leathercraft industry, faces chromium pollution from poorly managed tannery waste, affecting soil and water resources. The dynamic soil area influenced by plant roots, known as the rhizosphere, becomes a habitat for various microorganisms with unique metabolic capabilities that have significant potential as bioremediation agents for heavy-metal-contaminated environments. This study aims to evaluate the potential of indigenous bacterial consortia from the chromium-contaminated rhizosphere as bioremediation agents. Five bacterial genera: Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Bacillus, Azotobacter, and Micrococcus, were identified as chromium-resistant in vitro. Compatibility tests showed that these bacterial combinations exhibited synergies without growth inhibition. Among the five consortia combinations tested (AB, BC, CD, DE, EA), consortium DE (Azotobacter and Micrococcus), exhibiting the most stable growth dynamics, characterized by a sustained stationary phase, suggesting a superior adaptive response to chromium-induced stress. Under chromium stress, the consortium EA (Micrococcus and Pseudomonas) achieved the highest chromium removal percentage at 30.78%. This study suggests that indigenous rhizobacterial consortia could be a practical approach to remediate chromium pollution in areas like Sukaregang.
Identification of Endoparasites in Javan Banteng (Bos javanicus javanicus) in Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP) Handayani; Marini Agustin; Arifin Budiman Nugraha; Tiara Primayanti
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 19 No. 2 (2026): AL-KAUNIYAH: JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v19i2.46487

Abstract

Research on parasitic infections in the Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus) and banteng (Bos javanicus javanicus) in Ujung Kulon National Park has been reported before. This study not only identifies the types of endoparasites but also measures the infection levels using eggs per gram of feces (EPG) and oocysts per gram of feces (OPG). This research aims to determine the impact of endoparasite infection on the health of the banteng (Bos javanicus javanicus) in its natural habitat at Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP), through identifying the types of endoparasites that infect, prevalence analysis, and the level of infection. The sample identification was carried out at the Protozoology Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) University. Identification process using the flotation method, sedimentation method, native method, and the McMaster.The results of this research found five types of parasite eggs: Ascarid, Strongyloides, strongyloid, Paramphistomum, and Eimeria. The infection levels of each parasite, based on the calculation of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) and oocysts per gram (OPG), are as follows: ascarid at 1,050 EPG, Strongyloides at 1,600 EPG, Strongloides at 1,600 EPG, Paramphistomum at 50 EPG, and Eimeria at 550 OPG.
The Effect of NaFeEDTA as an Iron Fortificant an Hematocrit and Blood Platelet Levels of Rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) Sprague-dawley Strain Nova Anita; Agustino Zulys; Amelia Rosvita; Aisyah Safrina
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 19 No. 2 (2026): AL-KAUNIYAH: JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v19i2.46512

Abstract

The potential of NaFeEDTA as an iron fortificant can be assessed by identifying hemoglobin and red blood cell levels and their relationship to hematocrit levels. High hematocrit values can affect blood circulation. Iron can also affect platelet levels, excessive platelet aggregation can inhibit blood flow.  This study aims to identify hematocrit and blood platelet levels of rats after NaFeEDTA in soy milk (SM). The method is RAL with 25 male rats in 5 treatment groups: KK1 (without SM); KK2 (SM 10 mL/kgBW); KP1 (SM + NaFeEDTA 2.7 mg Fe/kgBW); KP2 (SM + NaFeEDTA 5.4 mg Fe/kgBW); KP3 (SM + NaFeEDTA 10.8 mg Fe/kgBW) for 14 days. Hematocrit was measured using a hematology analyzer (t0 and t14). ANOVA-LSD test (P <0.05) showed hematocrit increases in KK2, KP1, KP2, and KP3 compared to KK1, highest in KP2 (6.22%). NaFeEDTA significantly reduced platelet levels, highest decrease in KP2 (3.06% compared to KK1 and 2.81% compared to KK2). Despite the decrease, platelet levels remained normal. Thus, NaFeEDTA has the potential to fortify iron absorption at an optimal dose of 5.4 mg Fe/kgBW.
Molecular Characteristics of The Mercury Reductase Gene Pseudomonas putida from The Lebong Gold Mine Raul Fadillon; Rahma Adelia; Waris Rahman; Gita Panny Nababan; Sipriyadi
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 19 No. 2 (2026): AL-KAUNIYAH: JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v19i2.46513

Abstract

Mercury contamination in Lebong Regency has caused serious impacts on public health and environmental quality. Bacteria living in contaminated environments can adapt and develop resistance to mercury through the presence of the merA gene, which plays an important role in converting mercury into a less toxic form. This study aimed to identify and characterize the merA gene in Pseudomonas putida. Molecular identification was carried out using 16S rDNA gene analysis and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The obtained DNA sequences were further analyzed to determine gene similarity and phylogenetic relationships. The results showed that the bacterial isolate shared 99% homology with Pseudomonas putida strain CRSD9. The merA gene was 820 bp in length and encoded a mercury reductase enzyme consisting of 310 amino acids. This gene showed 97.78% homology with previously reported mercury reductase genes and contained two important domains, namely Pyridine Nucleotide-Disulfide Oxidoreductase (Pyr Redox) and FAD-linked domains. These findings indicate that Pseudomonas putida has strong potential as a bioremediation agent for reducing mercury pollution in the environment.
A Modern Survey of Tetralunata (Rhopalodiales, Bacillariophyta) Species and Their Distribution in Lake Toba, Indonesia Ni Made Desi Swastiki; John Patrick Kociolek; Dian Hendrayanti
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 19 No. 2 (2026): AL-KAUNIYAH: JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v19i2.46515

Abstract

Tetralunata is a genus of canal-bearing raphid diatoms (ordo Rhopalodiales) with the unique feature of cyanobacterial symbionts. A species assigned to the genus was originally reported and described from Lake Toba by Brun in 1891, and several species described by Hustedt in 1935 and 1937 under the name Denticula Kützing (1844) have also been transferred to Tetralunata. According to Hustedt, 14 species now in Tetralunata were originally found alive or as fossil forms. Firstly, this study aimed to reconfirm the presence of Tetralunata in Lake Toba after its first description more than 130 years ago. The second purpose was to examine Tetralunata habitats in Lake Toba, which were not described by Hustedt in his 1935 and 1937 reports. Samples were collected from various sites around the lake and observed using light microscopy after cleaning with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇). As a result, 9 species of Tetralunata were found: T. amphicephala, T. angusta, T. costata, T. elongata, T. lanceolata, T. obtusa, T. pelagica, T. cf. robusta, and T. vanheurckii, indicating Tetralunata biodiversity in Lake Toba. Six species previously reported by Hustedt were not found in this study, while four species that had been reported as fossil forms were found alive in this study.

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