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INDONESIA
AL KAUNIYAH
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
ISSN : 19783736     EISSN : 25026720     DOI : 10.15408/kauniyah
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi (p-ISSN: 1978-3736, e-ISSN: 2502-6720) is an Open Access Journal published by Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta, and established since 2007. Since 2016 Al-Kauniyah has established a collaboration with the Association of Lecturer in Biology and Biology Education throughout the State Islamic Higher University (PTKIN) in Indonesia. Until 2015, Al-Kauniyah covered environmental biology solely, but since 2016 the journal has been extended to cover the entire field of biological science (bioscience). By publishing biannually, on April and October, Al-Kauniyah is intended to communicate original researches and current issues on the subject of biology. Since volume 9 issue 1 April 2016, Al-Kauniyah had been changes the layout. This journal warmly welcomes contributions from scholars of related disciplines. Manuscripts can be submitted to AL-KAUNIYAH
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 460 Documents
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Species Diversity and Secondary Metabolite Compounds of Orchids in Menoreh Ecotourism Areas, Kulon Progo, Special Region of Yogyakarta Haq, Muhammad Fityatul; Susandarini, Ratna
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v18i2.39999

Abstract

Menoreh Hills is an area with high flora diversity. One of the plants reported as having high species diversity in Menoreh Hills is orchid. Most orchids species are known to be rich in  secondary metabolites. This study aims to explore orchids diversity in Menoreh and to identify their secondary metabolites. Orchid data collection was carried out in Sidoharjo Waterfall and Mudal River, Kulon Progo. Inventory survey was carried out by explorative method without plot, and sample collection was done manually. Secondary metabolite identification was carried out by qualitatively on methanolic extract, and detected using thin layer chromatography (TLC). Identification of orchid species was done by comparing morphological characters with literature. Analysis of TLC was carried out by determining the Rf of sample extract spots. The result showed that there are 12 orchid species in Sidoharjo Waterfall and 11 orchid species in Mudal River Ecotourism. A total of 17 orchid species was found in this study, consisted of Liparis condylobulbon, Peristylus goodyeroides, Nervilia plicata, Dendrobium crumenatum, Cymbidium sp., Acriopsis liliifolia, Eulophia cernua, Crepidium kobi, Spathoglottis plicata, Taeniophyllum sp., Liparis parviflora, Bryobium retusum, Zeuxine, Vanilla planifolia, Malaxis sp., Dienia ophrydis, and Phaius sp. Results of secondary metabolite identification showed that most orchids species contain phenolic, flavonoid, and alkaloid compounds. TLC results indicated that the methanolic extract of orchid samples has high abundance of various secondary metabolites, including flavonoid, phenolic, and alkaloid compounds.
The Ability of ᵝ-Glukan Pleurotus ostreatus in Biosorption of Lead Noverita, Noverita; Widyastuti, Anisa; Sukara, Endang; Ragamustari, Safendrri K.
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v19i1.40371

Abstract

The increase in toxic pollutants, such as the heavy metal lead (Pb²⁺), in aquatic environments is caused by anthropogenic activities and natural factors. Lead is difficult to degrade naturally, necessitating bioremediation methods, one of  involves biosorption agents. Macrofungi, such as Pleurotus ostreatus, have complex cell walls capable of absorbing heavy metals through β-glucan. This study evaluates the effectiveness of β-glucan from P. ostreatus in adsorbing lead. The biosorption mechanism is influenced by functional groups such as  hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), and amine (-NH₂), as well as the coil structure of β-glucan, which affects binding site availability. Results show biosorption efficiency reaches 89–97%, with the highest at 97% at 25.64 mg/L and a contact time of 3 hours. Even after 1 hour, efficiency remains high (96%), indicating rapid and effective adsorption. FTIR analysis reveals changes in functional group structures after lead exposure, confirming the role of active groups in biosorption. Biosorption efficiency is also influenced by metal concentration, biomass amount and surface area, contact time, and biosorbent diffusion. These findings highlight the potential of β-glucan from P. ostreatus as a natural biosorbent for lead remediation in aquatic environments.
Riparian Vegetation and Perception of Ecosystem Services in The Upper Gajahwong River, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Sulistiyowati, Eka; Saputro, Dony Eko; Aisah, Siti
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v18i2.40490

Abstract

Research on riparian vegetation and ecosystem services perception is essential to encourage community involvement in river area management. Therefore, this study aims to examine the composition of riparian vegetation along the upper Gajahwong River and assess local community perceptions of the ecosystem services provided by riparian biodiversity. Vegetation composition was studied through a floristic survey using plots placed along transects at three locations; Hargobinangun, Sardonoharjo, and Minomartani. Community perception was assessed through a survey of 60 randomly selected residents from the three villages studied. Data analysis involved calculating species richness, and species diversity, and analyzing community perceptions based on response percentages. The study identified more than 70 plant species at each site, with a very high diversity index (>4). Species with high Importance Value (IV) included Ficus racemosa (3.11), Dieffenbachia seguine (4.40), and Acalypha indica (3.59). Dominant plant families included Araceae, Fabaceae, and Moraceae, which provide essential provisioning and regulating ecosystem functions. Regarding community perception, the study found that residents recognized ecosystem functions, including provisioning services, regulating services, and socio-cultural services. Their understanding of ecosystem services was influenced by cultural values, particularly Javanese traditions emphasizing the importance of nature conservation.
Management of Pyrrosia Mirb. (Polypodiaceae) Fern Specimens in Herbarium Depokensis (UIDEP) Universitas Indonesia, Depok Atria, Mega; Rahmandika, Ghifari; Salamah, Andi; Saifudin, Saifudin; Putrika, Afiatry
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 18 No. 1 (2025): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v1i1.40499

Abstract

AbstractThe herbarium harbors collections of preserved plants used for scientific purposes. It is important to keep information about plants in a valid herbarium collection. This study aims to establish a valid collection and database of Pyrrosia stored in Herbarium Depokensis (UIDEP) through herbarium management. The management process includes taxonomic validation, specimen revitalization, and digitization. Taxonomic validation results showed there were 3 species of Pyrrosia namely P. piloselloides, P. lanceolata, and P. longifolia. These three species can be distinguished by rhizome scales, the shape of the lamina, and soral position. Physical examination throughout specimens showed several problems including loose specimen parts and specimen damage due to insects. Almost all collections (49 out of 59 specimens) did not include fertile lamina which is an important identifying character in Pyrrosia. To complete the herbarium data, 10 new Pyrrosia samples were collected at Green Spaces (RTHK) in Universitas Indonesia. All valid data and pictures undergo a digitization process. Those digitized data were then uploaded to the Herbarium UIDEP website (ruangkoleksibiotaui.id). This resulted in a Pyrrosia database that can be widely accessed by the public.AbstrakHerbarium menyimpan koleksi tanaman yang diawetkan yang digunakan untuk tujuan ilmiah. Penting untuk menyimpan informasi tentang tanaman dalam koleksi herbarium yang valid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun koleksi dan database valid Pyrrosia yang disimpan di Herbarium Depokensis (UIDEP) melalui pengelolaan herbarium. Proses pengelolaannya meliputi validasi taksonomi, revitalisasi spesimen, dan digitalisasi. Hasil validasi taksonomi Pyrrosia menunjukkan terdapat 3 spesies, yaitu P. piloselloides, P. lanceolata, dan P. longifolia. Ketiga spesies ini dapat dibedakan berdasarkan sisik rimpang, bentuk lamina, dan letak soral. Pemeriksaan fisik pada seluruh spesimen menunjukkan beberapa permasalahan antara lain bagian spesimen yang lepas dan kerusakan spesimen akibat serangga. Hampir semua koleksi (49 dari 59 spesimen) tidak mencantumkan lamina subur yang merupakan karakter pengidentifikasi penting pada Pyrrosia. Untuk melengkapi data herbarium, dilakukan pengumpulan 10 sampel Pyrrosia baru di Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTHK) Universitas Indonesia. Semua data dan gambar yang valid menjalani proses digitalisasi. Data digital tersebut kemudian diunggah ke website Herbarium UIDEP (ruangkoleksibiotaui.id). Hal ini menghasilkan database Pyrrosia yang dapat diakses secara luas oleh masyarakat. 
Leukocyte Profile of Broiler Chickens (Gallus domesticus) After Consumption of Feed With Spirulina (Spirulina sp.) Feed Additives and Liquid Nano Chitosan Gunawan, Rida Arwanda; Sunarno, Sunarno; Djaelani, Muhammad Anwar; Kasiyati, Kasiyati
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v18i2.40513

Abstract

Broilers (Gallus domesticus) are prone to stress and immune suppression due to inadequate environmental conditions and feed quality. Spirulina, known for its antioxidant and immunostimulant properties, and liquid nano chitosan, which has antibacterial activity, are considered promising feed additives for broiler health. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Spirulina flour, liquid nano chitosan, and their interaction on broiler leukocyte profiles. A factorial completely randomized design was used, with six treatment groups and four replications. Treatments included a control and diets supplemented with 0; 3; or 6% Spirulina powder, combined with 0 or 5% liquid nanochitosan. The treatments were applied for 26 days. Leukocyte observations were performed using Giemsa-stained blood smears at 400× magnification. Data were analyzed using Two-Way ANOVA (α= 0.05) and the Friedman Test. Results showed normal leukocyte morphology. Spirulina supplementation had no significant effect (P >0.05) on leukocyte, heterophil, or lymphocyte counts. In contrast, 5% liquid nano chitosan significantly affected (P <0.05) leukocyte and lymphocyte numbers. No interaction between the two additives was observed. In conclusion, Spirulina (3–6%) showed potential as a feed additive, while 5% liquid nano chitosan reduced leukocyte and lymphocyte counts. These natural additives may support broiler health without altering leukocyte profiles.
Study of The Ecological Populations and Nesting Oecophylla smaragdina FABR. on Oil Palm Plantations as A Biological Control Indicator Falahudin, Irham; Alfarabi, Thoriq
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v18i2.40544

Abstract

Weaver ants (Oecophylla smaragdina Fabr.) are social insects that have an ecological role in ecosystems of oil palm plantations. Oecophylla is a predator that prevents ant prey and influences interspecies competition. The study of the ecological population of Oecophylla smaragdina Fabr. Has not been reported, focusing on measuring nest and population density in plantations with varying ages. Important research in understanding the role of Oecophylla as a potential biological control agent in plantations. The purpose of the study was to determine the population density and nest as indicators of biological control. The study was conducted in Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra, with a purposive sampling method, collecting ant nest data based on variations in plant age. The results of our study found that the number of individuals was 4,782 from various nests. The nests found were round and oval with an area ranging from 4.19–24.19 cm². The nests found were at a height of between 1 m and 3.4 m. Population and the formation of nests are also influenced by abiotic and biotic factors. The formation of nests is an indication of interactions between species and is an important factor in the study of the population ecology of Oecophylla as a biological control.
Effect of Ethanol Extract of Wijaya Kusuma Leaves (Epiphyllum oxypetalum) as An Inhibitor of Salmonella typhi Bacteria Ahada, M Tegar Suhitar; Nazip, Khoiron; Anggraini, Nike
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v18i2.40587

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of ethanol extract of wijaya kusuma leaves (Epiphyllum oxypetalum) as an inhibitor and determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) against Salmonella typhi bacteria. Quantitative research method with an experimental research design using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and the results were analyzed using One Way ANOVA test and continued with the Tukey test. Test method with disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) in antibacterial test with extract concentration 0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4; 0.5; and 0.6% (g/v) and liquid dilution method in Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test with extract concentration 0; 0.02; 0.04; 0.06; 0.08; and 0.1% (g/v). The results showed that ethanol extract of wijaya kusuma leaves (Epiphyllum oxypetalum) had a significant effect on Salmonella typhi bacteria with the best concentration of 0.6% which had a mean inhibition zone area of 45.05 ± 4.80 mm2 and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was in the concentration range of 0 to 0.02% (g/v). The ethanol extract of wijaya kusuma leaves (Epiphyllum oxypetalum) has an effect as a growth inhibitor of Salmonella typhi bacteria.
Nutritional Status of Elementary School-Age Children in Oransbari About Cognitive and Motoric Ability Pratiwi, Yeni Aulia; Bedjo, Muhammad Ramadhan; Hazwia, Hazwia; Ijie, Daniela; Kawulur, Elda Irma Jeanne Joice
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v18i2.40608

Abstract

One of the phenotypic variations in humans to adapt to environmental conditions is physical growth. One of the impacts of environmental pressure on children's growth is malnutrition. This research aims to assess the association of nutritional status with cognitive abilities and motor skills in elementary school-age children in Oransbari, South Manokwari, West Papua. Cross-sectional design research was carried out on children aged 6–12 years from two primary schools in January- June 2023. Semistructured interviews guided by a questionnaire were carried out to collect data on cognitive and motoric abilities. Body height and body weight were measured to assess the nutritional status. Our research showed that nutritional status was mostly a normal category, while stunting, severe stunting, and thinness which refers to undernutrition were quite low. Undernutrition tendency in Papuan children was higher than in non-Papuan children, with the severely stunted 2.44%:0.83% between Papuan and non-Papuan and thinness at 7.32%:5.83%. Expectably stunted category non-Papuan showed quite high than Papuan (3.33%:2.44%). In contrast, the percentages of thinness and obesity which refer to overnutrition were quite high in non-Papuan with values of 14.0% and 16.6% respectively. The chi-square test showed that the malnutrition category was not related to cognitive and motor skills (P-value <0.05).
Multiplikasi Tunas Tembakau Secara In Vitro Menggunakan Benzyl Amino Purine Dan Furfuryl Amino Purine Melalui Metode Thin Cell Layer Khozin, Mohammad Nur; Mona, Muhammad Dima Say; Dewanti, Parawita; Putri, Widya Kristyanti; Soeparjono, Sigit; Restanto, Didik Pudji
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v18i2.40649

Abstract

Tembakau sebagai bahan baku pembuatan rokok mempunyai nilai ekonomi dan ekspor yang tinggi, namun permasalahan perbanyakan secara konvensional sering menghasilkan keturunan yang heterogen dan beberapa komoditas introduksi seringkali mengalami pertumbuhan yang tidak normal pada fase pembibitan sehingga pemenuhan kebutuhan bahan tanam yang seragam sering menjadi kendala. Kultur in vitro dapat menjadi alternatif dalam perbanyakan bahan tanam yang relatif seragam dan tahan terhadap perubahan lingkungan. Penggunaan zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) utamanya golongan sitokinin seperti benzyl amino purine (BAP) dan kinetin sangat mendukung pada multiplikasi tunas tembakau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi BAP dan kinetin yang optimal pada multiplikasi tunas tembakau. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan faktor BAP (0, 2, 3, dan 4 ppm) dan faktor kinetin (0, 3, dan 4 ppm). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan interaksi BAP dan kinetin berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap kedinian eksplan bertunas, jumlah tunas, dan daun dengan perlakuan terbaik. Konsentrasi BAP 3 ppm + kinetin 4 ppm yang menginduksi tunas pada 8,3 HST; jumlah tunas 81,3; dan jumlah daun 142,3 helai. Penggunaan BAP berpengaruh nyata terhadap kedinian eksplan berkalus dengan perlakuan terbaik pada konsentrasi 3 ppm BAP yang menginduksi kalus pada 10,78 HST. Kinetin berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap kedinian eksplan bertunas dengan perlakuan terbaik P2M2 yaitu 4 ppm, yang menginduksi tunas pada 8,3 HST. Kesimpulannya perlakuan BAP 3 ppm + 4 ppm kinetin merupakan perlakuan terbaik.
Root Induction of Borneo Prima Tangerine (Citrus Reticulata) By In Vitro Method Using Natural Plant Growth Regulator Raja Banana (Musa Paradisiaca Var. Raja) and Synthetic Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) Muhammadiyah, Muhammadiyah; Sari, Yanti Puspita; Susanto, Dwi
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 18 No. 2 (2025): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v18i2.40714

Abstract

Borneo prima tangerine (Citrus reticulata) is a plant species from East Kalimantan, which is expected to become one of the leading citrus in the country. The obstacle to developing this citrus is that cultivation is still limited, so efforts are needed to cultivate plants using in vitro techniques. The process of plant multiplication has been done, the next step is rooting. The purpose of this research is to know the type and concentration of plant growth regulators (PGR) that are optimal in stimulating root growth in Borneo prima tangerine plants. This study used a completely randomized design consisting of 9 treatments, namely control (without the addition of PGR), the addition of natural PGR raja banana extract with concentrations of 25; 50; 75; and 100 g/L, synthetic PGR Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) concentrations of 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; and 2.0 mg/L, each treatment with 3 replicates. The results showed the addition of raja banana extract 75 g/L produced the fastest root emergence time of 3.33 days, the addition of NAA 0.5 mg/L produced the highest number of roots, namely 4.67 roots, and plantain extract 50 g/L produced the longest roots, namely 4.50 cm. This means that the addition of raja banana extract gives the best results in inducing root formation.

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