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Insignia: Journal of International Relations
ISSN : 20891962     EISSN : 25979868     DOI : -
Core Subject : Humanities, Art,
Insignia Journal of International Relations is published biannually (April & November) by Laboratorium of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University. This journal contains articles or publications from all issues of International Relations such as: International Politics, Foreign Policy, Security Studies, International Political Economy, Transnational Studies, Area Studies & Non-traditional Issues.
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Articles 206 Documents
Desa E-Commerce Taobao sebagai Kekuatan Ekonomi Tiongkok dalam Mentransformasikan Perekonomian dan Kesenjangan Sosial di Pedesaan Hendrini Renolafitri
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 7 No 1 (2020): April 2020
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (943.258 KB) | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2020.7.1.2234

Abstract

Abstract This study examines the Taobao e-commerce village as China’s economic strategis to reduce poverty amd social inequality. The Taobao generated RMB 3 trillion (more than USD 430 billion) in just one year in 2013. The success of Taobao not only profound effect for the villages registered in e-commerce area, but also for the villages surrounding the areas. The development of the Taobao village has also been able to transform the rural economy, and its livelihood, especially providing economic opportunities for people living in rural and remote areas in China to contribute to local, regional, and international markets through unlimited e-commerce systems. The purpose of this study is to review the development of rural Chinese e-commerce with examples of Taobao villages, and evaluate the extent of Taobao villages transformative impact on the Chinese rural economy. Another purpose of this study is to show the opportunity of developing the rural e-commerce system to developing countries, expecially Indonesia which composed with diversity of distinctive industrial of rural communities that can be a distinct competitive advantage in international market. This study uses qualitative methods, with library data analysis techniques, by collecting data from books and website. The result of this study indicate a comparison of the two generations of e-commerce development in China, proove that the success of this strategy is the agregationand full support from the government’s, by producing many policies in order to develop the village. Kata Kunci: China E-Commerce, Taobao Villages, China Poverty Reduction, China’s Urban – Rural Disparity. Abstract This study examines the Taobao e-commerce village as China’s economic strategis to reduce poverty amd social inequality. The Taobao generated RMB 3 trillion (more than USD 430 billion) in just one year in 2013. The success of Taobao not only profound effect for the villages registered in e-commerce area, but also for the villages surrounding the areas. The development of the Taobao village has also been able to transform the rural economy, and its livelihood, especially providing economic opportunities for people living in rural and remote areas in China to contribute to local, regional, and international markets through unlimited e-commerce systems. The purpose of this study is to review the development of rural Chinese e-commerce with examples of Taobao villages, and evaluate the extent of Taobao villages transformative impact on the Chinese rural economy. Another purpose of this study is to show the opportunity of developing the rural e-commerce system to developing countries, expecially Indonesia which composed with diversity of distinctive industrial of rural communities that can be a distinct competitive advantage in international market. This study uses qualitative methods, with library data analysis techniques, by collecting data from books and website. The result of this study indicate a comparison of the two generations of e-commerce development in China, proove that the success of this strategy is the agregationand full support from the government’s, by producing many policies in order to develop the village. Keywords: China E-Commerce, Taobao Villages, China Poverty Reduction, China’s Urban – Rural Disparity.
Pengaruh Keterlibatan Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) dalam Upaya Peningkatan Produktivitas Pertanian Pasca-Konflik Krisis Pangan Etnis Rohingya di Myanmar Dzikiara Pesona Sadewa; Dudy Heryadi; Taufik Hidayat
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 7 No 1 (2020): April 2020
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (842.302 KB) | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2020.7.1.2243

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Artikel ini membahas bagaimana pengaruh keterlibatan Food and Agriculture Oganization (FAO) dalam upaya peningkatan produktivitas pertanian pasca konflik krisis pangan etnis Rohingya di Myanmar, dimana ketika adanya konflik yang terjadi antara etnis Rohingya dan Rakhine di tahun 2012. Konflik tersebut pada akhirnya berdampak terhadap krisis pangan khususnya di wilayah Rakhine yang di tinggali oleh etnis Rohingya, padahal pada kenyataanya wilayah tersebut menjadi salah satu wilayah yang potensial dalam peningkatan sektor pertanian di Myanmar namun di sisi lain wilayah tersebut juga bukan hanya wilayah yang rawan konflik namun juga wilayah yang rawan akan bencana Metode di dalam penulisan artikel ini menggunakan metode kualitatif kemudian di analisis secara deskriptif selain itu juga Dalam teknik pengumpulan data,, peneliti menggunakan cara melalui penelusuran studi pustaka (Library Research), baik dari berita online maupun berita resmi dari pemerintah Myanmar dan berita resmi yang dikeluarkan dari FAO hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dengan adanya keterlibatan FAO dengan cara melakukan kerjasama dengan pemerintah Myanmar dalam mengoptimalisasi sektor pertanian di wilayah Rakhine menjadi cara yang efektif dalam memberikan pengaruhnya terhadap etnis Rohingya yang tinggal di wilayah Rakhine dimana dengan upaya peningkatan produktivitas pertanian di wilayah konflik tersebut dapat mengurangi ketergantungan bantuan dan dapat meningkatkan ketersediaan pangan sehingga dapat mengurangi korban yang kelaparan dan krisis pangan yang di alami oleh etnis Rohingya di Myanmar
Diplomasi Indonesia Berbasis Program Cross Border Tourism dalam Meningkatkan Kunjungan Wisatawan Mancanegara Elyta Elyta; Ully Nuzulian
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 7 No 1 (2020): April 2020
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1137.463 KB) | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2020.7.1.2026

Abstract

Aruk Sajingan Indonesia telah menghadapi tantangan tentang minimnya kunjungan wisatawan mancanegara, hal ini dikarenakan aruk termasuk pintu masuk darat yang hanya mendapatkan no urut keempat dari lima pintu masuk darat yang ada di Indonesia., sebagai upaya meningkatkan kunjungan wisatawan manca negara melalui pintu masuk darat maka Indonesia melakukan diplomasi melalui program cross border tourism. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa implementasi diplomasi Indonesia berbasis program cross border tourism dalam meningkatkan kunjungan wisatawan mancanegara batas di wilayah border Aruk Sajingan Kabupaten Sambas Kalimantan Barat Indonesia. Peneliti menggunakan metode kualitatif, teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan teknik wawancara teknik observasi dan teknik dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian teranalisa Implementasi diplomasi Indonesia berbasis program cross border tourism dalam meningkatkan kunjungan wisatawan mancanegara di wilayah border Aruk Sajingan Kabupaten Sambas Kalimantan Barat Indonesia telah dilakukan oleh multi track diplomacy yaitu government; bussiness; dan private citizent. Implementasi diplomasi melalui government berlandaskan pada tiga tingkatan regulasi yaitu tingkatan lokal, nasional dan internasional. Lebih lanjut implementasi diplomasi melalui Bussines dilakukan oleh The Indonesian Tours and Travel Agencies (Asita) dan dioperasikannya pasar belampar yang berlokasi dekat dengan Pos Lintas Batas Negara (PLBN) Aruk Indonesia, Asita selaku pelaku bisnis telah mempromosikan daya tarik wisata yang dimiliki desa di Aruk Sajingan dan telah mengajak para wisatawan mancanegara untuk berbelanja di pasar belampar. Implementasi Diplomasi melalui private citizent dilakukan oleh komunitas Generasi Pesona Indonesia (GenPI) dan Generasi Wonderful Indonesia (GenWI) dengan menyebarkan potensi cross-border tourism melalui media digital. Dengan demikian multi track diplomacy telah menyebabkan wisatawan mancanegara tertarik berkunjung ke perbatasan Aruk Indonesia, hal tersebut menyebabkan meningkatnya sektor pariwisata lintas batas.
Peran NGO dalam Tata Kelola Global: Keterlibatan Amnesty International dalam UN Summit for Refugee and Migrant 2016 Wahyu Rozzaqi Ginanjar
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 7 No 1 (2020): April 2020
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (601.607 KB) | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2020.7.1.2277

Abstract

The refugee crisis is a global problem that needs serious attention. Responsibility-sharing is a core tenet of international responses to refugee crises. However, global governance, within the framework of the global refugee regime, is often practically ineffective to respond such problems. In this aspect, conceptual evaluation and reform are needed. In this particular momentum, civil society groups are able to be involved, in both performance evaluation and framework formulation related to global governance on refugees. One of the formal form of civil society is a non-governmental organization (NGO). Amnesty International is one of the NGOs involved in the process of evaluating and reforming global governance on refugees. This article aims to find out the form of Amnesty International's involvement in global governance on refugees. This study used descriptive-qualitative method. The findings in this article are that Amnesty International has a direct involvement in order to evaluate and to reform the global governance framework related to refugees through the 2016 UN High Summit for Refugee and Migrant. This involvement was demonstrated through performance evaluations and proposals for more genuine responsibility-sharing, both at the conceptual and technical level. Amnesty International in this involvement pursued an agenda that has two dimensions, namely: the dimension of institutional evolution and the agenda dimension.
The Criticism of Social Justice in Economic Gap Yapiter Marpi; Erlangga Erlangga
Insignia: Journal of International Relations 2021: Edisi Khusus "Navigating Global Society in the Disruptive Era"
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2021.0.0.3759

Abstract

This research paper examines the dynamics of economic inequality problems facing Indonesia today, especially due to the impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic which hinders the progress of general welfare throughout the country. The difficulty of making breakthroughs to create social justice by Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution can be realized. The purpose of this paper is to examine and analyze the criticality of social justice in economic disparities in society. The research method of this paper uses a description of qualitative analysis supported by secondary data through primary data collection of the sociology of justice, processing of deductive-inductive comprehensive analysis. The conclusion of this paper is the complex problems faced by the country regarding economic inequality caused by non-natural disasters of the pandemic so that social justice is critical in the community, let alone the continuing increase in poverty that cannot be avoided anymore. This research concludes the need for physical development to improve norms and uphold the principles of justice for the realization of a justice facing and the practice of Pancasila as well as increasing welfare for Indonesian citizens equally.
Strategi Negosiasi Jepang dalam Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement For Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) Hilfi Biyan Firza
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 7 No 2 (2020): November 2020
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2020.7.2.2308

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Abstrak Proses liberalisasi perdagangan Jepang selama ini selalu menghindari untuk melakukan liberalisasi di bidang agrikultur. Namun pada kerja sama Trans Pacific Partnership isu liberalisasi perdagangan di bidang agrikultur mulai dibahas. Kerja sama Trans Pacific Partnership berubah menjadi Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans Pacific Partnership dan menjadi kerja sama pertama bagi Jepang yang membahas isu agrikultur secara masif. Tulisan ini akan membahas mengenai strategi negosiasi Jepang di dalam negeri dan di luar negeri dengan mempertahankan win-set yang menjadi acuan dalam negosiasi. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dalam menjelaskan strategi yang digunakan. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan sekunder seperti dokumen kesepakatan CPTPP dan berita. Strategi negosiasi Jepang di CPTPP di luar negeri dengan melakukan negosiasi pararel dengan Amerika Serikat. Sedangkan di dalam negeri strategi dilakukan dengan melakukan reformasi pada organisasi JA Zenchu. Strategi negosiasi yang dilakukan berhasil untuk mencapai kesepakatan CPTPP yang bisa diterima di dalam negeri Jepang. Abstract Japan's trade liberalization process has always avoided making liberalization in agriculture. But in the Trans Pacific Partnership cooperation the issue of trade liberalization in agriculture began to be discussed. The Trans Pacific Partnership partnership turned into a Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for the Trans Pacific Partnership and became the first collaboration for Japan to discuss the issue of agriculture on a massive scale. This paper will discuss the Japanese negotiation strategy at home and abroad by maintaining the win-set as a reference in the negotiations. This paper uses qualitative research methods in explaining the strategies used. The data used in this study are primary and secondary data such as CPTPP agreement documents and news. Japan's negotiating strategy at CPTPP abroad is by conducting parallel negotiations with the United States. Whereas in the domestic strategy is carried out by reforming the JA Zenchu ​​organization. The negotiation strategy carried out was successful in reaching an acceptable CPTPP agreement within Japan.
The Role of the FAO in Reducing Migration Pressures and Implementing Sustainable Development Goals (Zero Hunger) Untari Narulita Madyar Dewi
Insignia: Journal of International Relations 2021: Edisi Khusus "Navigating Global Society in the Disruptive Era"
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2021.0.0.3862

Abstract

This research article will describe how food security and the issue of international migration are interrelated. The advances of communication and transportation technology have encouraged the movement of people in one country to carry out international migration in other countries. Various factors drive people to international migration, one of the reasons is the impact of conflict. Migrating to a safer and more peaceful country does not mean it will guarantee their survival. Another problem arises, one of which is related to food security. Based on this issue, the authors asked the research question: How the role of the World Organization FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) in reducing migration pressures and implementing sustainable development goals number two (zero hunger). In this paper, the writer uses qualitative research methods. The results of this study are 1) FAO addresses the root causes and driving factors of migration, 2) Helps create job opportunities in agriculture and off-farm for young generations, women, and those who intend to migrate, 3) Develop sustainable strategies so that refugees can integrate with the society that accepts them. The conclusion and research are that migration should be an option, not a necessity. The sustainable development program goal zero hunger forms the basis of the FAO initiative to make a positive contribution to migrants.
Kerja Sama Keamanan dalam Masyarakat Politik-Keamanan ASEAN Angga Nurdin Rachmat
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 7 No 2 (2020): November 2020
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2020.7.2.2690

Abstract

ASEAN as a regional organization is currently in an effort to develop cooperation in the form of the ASEAN Community. The formation of the ASEAN Community is based on three pillars, where one of the pillars is the political-security pillar (ASEAN Political-Security Community / APSC) who faces the most dynamic challenges related to security issues in the Southeast Asia. This security issue certainly has an influence on interactions both among intra-regional states and with extra-regional states. This paper aims to analysis the challenges and opportunities faced by the ASEAN political-security community to strengthen cooperation in dealing with security issues in the Southeast Asian. This paper is based on a constructivism analysis of the formation of a security community. This paper will get an overview of the challenges and opportunities faced in the realization of cooperation to tackle security issues in the Southeast Asia region within the framework of the APSC. The description of these challenges and opportunities can be the basis for analyzing what strategies must be done to encourage the realization of the APSC in accordance with what is expected by the members states.
Ketergantungan Transfer Senjata: Studi Kasus Pembelian F-35 oleh Italia Muhammad Rizky Pangestu
Insignia: Journal of International Relations Vol 8 No 1 (2021): April 2021
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2021.8.1.3326

Abstract

Tulisan ini akan mencoba menjelaskan mengapa Italia sebagai negara yang bisa membuat pesawat tempur secara domestik tetap melakukan pembelian F-35 dari Amerika Serikat. Padahal menurut infromasi yang beredar F-35 memiliki beberapa kelemahan fatal yang tentunnya bisa melemahkan kemampuan militer Italia dan mendapat pertentangan di dalam negeri mereka sendiri. Selain pembelian ini dipertanyakan sebab Italia adalah salah satu negara yang bisa membuat pesawat tempur mereka sendiri yaitu Eurofighter Typhoon yang cukup canggih. Dalam menjelaskan kasus ini penulis akan menggunakan konsep ketergantungan transfer senjata oleh David Kinsella. Menurut Kinsella ketika sebuah negara sudah mengalami ketergantungan transfer senjata, maka negara tersebut akan selalu bergantung kepada negara yang menyuplai senjata untuk memenuhi kebutuhan keamanannya. Ada dua indikator utama untuk menilai apakah negara sudah mengalami ketergantungan transfer senjata pertama adalah rendahnya kapasitas dan produksi senjata dalam negeri dan terfokusnya supplier senjata suatu negara dengan satu atau beberapa negara lain saja. Data yang akan digunakan unutk menganalisis kasus ini adalah data yang berasal dari sumber daring seperti jurnal akademik, buku, dokumen resmi dan portal berita yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan kebenarannya. Hasil tulisan ini menunjukan bahwa Italia masih memiliki ketergantungan transfer senjata dengan Amerika Serikat sebab kemampuan industri pertahanan dalam negeri mereka yang belum memadai dan masih terfokusnya pembelian senjata mereka dengan Amerika Serikat. Kata kunci: Amerika Serikat, F-35, Italia, ketergantungan transfer senjata This paper will try to explain why Italy, as a country that can make fighter aircraft domestically, continues to purchase F-35s from the United States.Because based on the information that is availvable, F-35 is having some critical flaws that can compromissed Italian defense, Italian decision to buy F-35 also creating domestic opposition regarding that act. This decision also raised some question because Italian is one of the countries that can domestically produce a rather sophisticated jet fighter, the Eurofighter Typhoon. In explaining this case the author will use the concept of arms transfer dependency by David Kinsella. According to Kinsella, when a country has experienced a dependency on arms transfers, that country will always depend on the country that supplies weapons to meet its security needs. There are two main indicators to assess whether a country has experienced a dependency on arms transfers. The first is the low capacity and production of domestic weapons and the focus on arms suppliers dari one country to one or several other countries. The data that is used in this paper will be based on online source such as academic journal, books, official documents and trusted news website. The results of this paper show that Italy still has a dependency on arms transfers with the United States because of the inadequate capability of their domestic defense industry and their weapons that is still based on United States import. Keywords: arms transfer dependence, F-35, Italy, United States
Internet Governance Forum Analysis on Artificial Intelligence in Cyber Security Faishal Ihsan; Nuriyeni Kartika Bintarsari
Insignia: Journal of International Relations 2021: Edisi Khusus "Navigating Global Society in the Disruptive Era"
Publisher : Laboratorium Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.ins.2021.0.0.3782

Abstract

Abstract This research examines the way the Internet Governance Forum (IGF) discusses Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the cyber security field. The discussion focuses on 2016, 2017 and 2018 periods. This article utilizes two concepts; cyber politics and internet governance. IGF believes that AI can be regulated collectively with solid frameworks and clear regulations. This in turn will maximize the security aspect of cyber security, which will be cheaper and more efficient in the era of internet freedom and technology rapid development. The paradox in AI lies in the breach of data privacy, which contradicts the goal of cyber security itself, i.e. to protect user’s privacy and sensitive data away from any kind of unauthorized access. Framework cooperation based on mutual recognition of the importance of security within governments, private sectors, technical community and civil society can address privacy and cyber security concerns without undermining the open, free and secure nature of the internet. Hence, a stable and reliable cyber security focused on data protection will provide and preserve trust in cyberspace, and will eventually bring socioeconomic growth, innovation and education advancement. Keywords: IGF, AI, cyber security Abstrak Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana Internet Governance Forum (IGF) membahas Artificial Intelligence (AI) di bidang keamanan siber (cyber security). Pembahasan difokuskan pada periode 2016, 2017 dan 2018. Artikel ini menggunakan dua konsep; politik dunia maya (cyberpolitics) dan tata kelola internet (internet governance). IGF memandang bahwa AI dapat diatur secara kolektif melalui kerangka kerja yang kokoh dan regulasi yang jelas. Hal ini pada akhirnya akan memaksimalkan aspek keamanan siber yang semakin murah dan efisien di era kebebasan internet dengan perkembangan teknologi tumbuh pesat. Paradoks dalam AI terletak pada pelanggaran privasi data, yang bertentangan dengan tujuan keamanan dunia maya itu sendiri, yaitu untuk melindungi privasi pengguna dan data sensitif dari segala jenis akses yang tidak sah. Kerangka kerja sama ini didasarkan pada pengakuan timbal balik akan pentingnya keamanan di dalam pemerintah, sektor swasta, komunitas teknis, dan masyarakat sipil yang dapat mengatasi masalah privasi dan keamanan dunia maya tanpa merusak sifat internet yang terbuka, bebas, dan aman. Karenanya, keamanan siber yang stabil, andal dan berfokus pada perlindungan data akan memberikan dan memelihara kepercayaan masyarakat di dunia maya, dan pada akhirnya akan membawa pertumbuhan sosial ekonomi, inovasi, dan kemajuan pendidikan. Keywords: IGF, AI, cyber security