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Cropsaver : Journal of Plant Protection

cropsaver
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Published by Universitas Padjadjaran

ISSN : - EISSN : 26215756 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science,

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

The objective of the CROPSAVER Journal is to present articles containing interesting and strategic issues. This journal discusses the discussion of articles with discussion rooms in the fields of plant pests and diseases, technology for pest control, taxonomy, insect physiology, biological insects, toxicology of pesticides, settlement pests that help research, research and research.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 107 Documents

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The potential of Spent Substrate of Oyster (Pleurotus ostreatus) dan Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) Mushrooms to Control Damping-off Disease (Rhizoctonia solani) in Tomato Lia Herawati; Noor Istifadah
CROPSAVER Vol 1, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

Spent mushroom substrates are potential for controlling plant diseases. This study examined the abilities of spent substrates of Shiitake (L. edodes) and Oyster (P. ostreatus) mushrooms to inhibit the growth of R. solani in vitro and control damping-off disease in tomato seedling. The in vitro experiment examined the abilities of water extract of spent mushroom substrate non-sterile and sterile to inhibit the pathogen using poisonous food method. In the nursery experiment, substrates were mixed with the planting medium, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 (v/v). The result showed that the water extract of spent substrates of L. edodes and P. ostreatus inhibited the growth of R. solani by 29.1% – 40.6%. Non sterile water extract of spent substrate of P. osteratus showed highest inhibition level (40%). In tomato nursery, mixing spent substrates of L. edodes or P. ostreatus with planting medium 1:2, and 1:3 (v/v) inhibited damping-off disease in tomato seedling by 57.5% - 100%. Application of P. ostreatus spent substrate in the planting medium, 1:2 and 1:3 (v/v) resulted in 100% inhibition of the disease.Key words: tomato seedlings, water extract, spent mushroom substrate, in vitro

Cases of Fall Army Worm Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Attack on Maize in Bandung, Garut and Sumedang District, West Java. Yani Maharani; Vira Kusuma Dewi; Lindung Tri Puspasari; Lilian Rizkie; Yusup Hidayat; Danar Dono
CROPSAVER Vol 2, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

The Effect of Neem, Citronella, Castor Oil, and Their Mixtures against Crocidolomia pavonana F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Leni Maryani; Danar Dono; Endah Yulia
CROPSAVER Vol 2, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

Cabbage-heart caterpillar, Crocidolomia pavonana F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is one of the important pests in Brassicaceae family. Alternative control for cabbage-heart caterpillar that can be used is insecticide made from plant extracts. Neem, cirtonella and jatropha oil are reported to have an insecticidal properties. This study aimed to determine the effect of singgle or combination of neem, citronella, and castor oil to against C. pavonana larvae and to obtain the most effective ratio and concentration of oil combinations. The experimental method used in this research was Randomized Block Design with 41 treatments, i.e. control, single neem, citronella, castor oil and its combination each tested at concentration of 1%; 0,5%; 0,25%; and 0,1%. Each treatment was replicated 3 times. The results of this experiment showed that single oil or combination of neem, citronella and castor oil at consentration of 1% and 0,5% caused 100% larvae mortality, 1:3:2 ratio at 1% concentration was able to reduce food consumption, 3:2:1 ratio at 0,25% concentration was inhibit larvae development and reduce the weight of pupae, and 3:1:2 ratio at 0,5% concentration can reduce the weight of larvae.

Potency of Rhodotorula minuta as Plant Growth Promoter on Red Chili Plant Infected by Colletotrichum acutatum Sri Hartati; Linda Tarina; Endah Yulia; Luciana Djaya
CROPSAVER Vol 2, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

Some yeast species were reported to have the ability to promote plant growth. Rhodotorula minuta is a yeast species that has the potency as biocontrol agent. This research was objected to evaluate the potency of R. minuta in promoting the growth of red chilli infected by Colletotrichum acutatum. The experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Plant Protection Biotechnology and Green House of Ciparanje Experiment Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. The experiment was arranged in the randomized completely block design with 9 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were infestation of R. minuta and inoculation of C. acutatum on 5, 7, and 10 days after replanting, and a positive control with no R. minuta infestation but inoculated with the pathogen and a negative control without R. minuta infestation nor pathogen inoculation. Results of the experiment showed that the effectiveness of the treatments with R. minuta on the increase of the chilli plant height was 3.78-17.90%, leaf number was 4.09-15.19%, and dry weight of the biomass was 0.14-0.58%. This results indicated that treatments with R. minuta were able to promote the growth of chilli plants.

In-Vitro Technique For Resistance Evaluation of Rice Varieties Against Blast Disease (Pyricularia oryzae Cav.) Tarkus Suganda; Puspa Radityo Putri; Gabbi Andria Dwitia Putri
CROPSAVER Vol 2, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

Blast, incited by Pyricularia oryzae Cav. is the most yield-limiting disease of rice. Use of resistant varieties is the most suggested tactic for controlling this disease. Therefore, resistant varieties are continuosly developed in rice breeding program. One of the challenges in developing resistant varieties to blast is the testing methods which required the availability of optimum condition for infection and development of disease, especially it has to be done against different races of the fungus. In addition, the duration of test is required long period of time. In order to shorten the test, the in-vitro technique has been studied using inoculation to rice leaf cuts incubated in a petridishes amended with several layer of wetted sterilzed tissue. Tests used four differenet domonant races of the fungus, i.e. 033, 073, 133, and 173, wehereas the rice cultivars used were Kencana Bali (susceptible to all races), Situ Patenggang (resistant and moderately resistant), Arize (moderately resistant to race 073) and PP3, a breeding line. Plants were scored using a pictorial scorring scale of IRRI (1996). The results showed that the in-vitro technique using leaf cuts was able to separate the reaction of the resistant from of the susceptible rice to blast disease. It confirmed the reaction of the result of standard greenhouse test. Cultivar Kencana Bali was consistantly susceptible to ras 173 both in in-vitro, standard greenhouse, and in field. The in-vitro technique was able to speed up the inoculation process, prevent a mix of races and release of races to environment. It also can minimize cost of testing, and speed up the selection process of resistance in plant breeding to develop blast resistant varieties.

Potency of Bacillus subtilis and Lysinibacillus Mixed With Silica Nano Particles and Carbon Fiber in Controlling Potato Leaf Blight Disease [Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary] Hersanti Wartono; Fitri Widiantini; Kirana Sonya Harviana
CROPSAVER Vol 2, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

Leaf blight disease caused by Phytohthora infestans is one of the major diseases on potato plant. To control the disease farmers usually use synthetic fungicides. However, the excessive use of synthetic fungicides may cause negative impacts on the environment. One of the alternative control methods which is more environtmentally friendly is the use of antagonistic microbes. In this experiment, Bacillus subtilis and Lysinibacillus sp. were formulated with carbon fiber as a carrier and enriched with nano silica as a micro nutrient, to find out the ability of the bacteria in suppressing leaf blight disease on potato plant. The experiment was carried out in the experimental field in Lembang, Bandung Barat, Jawa Barat. The experiment was arranged in the randomized block design consisted of nine treatments and four replications. Density of B.subtilis and Lysinibacillus sp. were 1011 cfu/ml. The formulation was applied 3 times, on planting, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after planting. The results showed that the application of B. subtillis and Lysinibacillus sp. were able to suppress leaf blight disease, with the disease inhibition 36,6% and 32,7% respectively. The combination treatment of B. subtilis in silica nano and carbon fiber was able to suppress leaf blight disease on potato plant higher compared to the application of bacteria without nano silica and carbon fiber, with the disease inhibition up to 51,2%.

The Effectiveness of Entomopathogenic Nematode Steinernema spp. on Mortality of Lepidiota stigma F. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Toto - Sunarto; Aep Wawan Irwan
CROPSAVER Vol 2, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an alternative way to reduce use of synthetic pesticides. One of them is using the natural enemy of insect pests, such as predatory insects, parasitoid, and entomopathogenic nematodes. So far the control of Lepidiota stigma F. in sweet potatoes carried out with synthetic insecticides that has negative impact to the environment. Another alternative of L. stigma control with entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema spp.). This study aimed to obtain Steinernema spp. concentration that effective against mortality of L. stigma larvae. This experiment was conducted at Plant Nematology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran from Februari - August 2019. The research used was experiment method with Completely Randomized Design consisted of six treatments and five replications. The treatment were Steinernema spp. concentration of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 IJ ml-1 of water, and Karbofuran dose of 15 kg ha-1 (0.002 g / 12.56 cm2). The results showed that Sterinernema spp. has an effect on mortality of Lepidiota stigma larvae at 24 HAA (Hours After Application) and 48 HAA. Steinernema spp. at concentration of 150 IJ ml-1 capable effectively causing the mortality of Lepidiota stigma larvae of 68% at 48 HAA.

Competition of biological agents of Streptomyces sp, Gliocladium sp, and Trichoderma harzianum to Fusarium oxysporum in Tomato Rhizophere Penta Suryaminarsih; Tri Mujoko
CROPSAVER Vol 3, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

Fusarium oxysporum is a soil-borne fungus that attacks all stages of tomato plant from seedlings to mature plants. The disease occurrence on the tomato nursery can lead economically loss due to its fast and massive damage. Application of effective biological control agents is considered as promising control measure of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential competitiveness of biological agents mixture consisting of Streptomyces sp., Gliocladium sp. and T. harzianum against F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in the rhizosphere of the tomato plant. The experiment was arranged in completely randomized design with five treatment types of agents that a single biological agents Streptomyces sp. (S), a mixture of Streptomyces sp. and Gliocladium sp. (SG), a mixture of Streptomyces sp. and T. harzianum (ST), a mixture of Streptomyces sp., Gliocladium sp., and T. harzianum (SGT) and control without biological agents. Each treatment was replicated four times and consisted of 6 plants for observation purposes destructively. Descriptive analysis conducted on the pattern of colonization of the roots competition showed a growth pattern colonization of biological agents, Streptomyces sp, Gliocladium sp, T. harzianum and F. oxysporum pathogen (SGTF) was the same growth pattern of SGF and STF, where four of the microbes grew on the same side of roots as fungal pathogens, in all parts of the root sprouts. Given biological agent Streptomyces sp, Gliocladium sp., dan Trichoderma harzianum decreased fusarium wilt diseases severity of tomato. Weight root of tomato plants was applied by biological agents was 9.2 g greater than plant without biological agents, which were 2.5 g. The observation on tomato indicated root colonization occurs, especially on the base of the stem-roots by a mixture of biological agents T. harzianum and Gliocladium sp.

The toxicity of neem (Azadirachta indica), citronella (Cymbopogon nardus), castor (Ricinus communis), and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) oil against Spodoptera frugiferda Danar Dono; Yusup Hidayat; Tarkus Suganda; Syarif Hidayat; Neneng Sri Widayani
CROPSAVER Vol 3, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

An important pest in corn plantation recently reported in Indonesia was Spodoptera frugiperda, a polyphagous pest that have a fast spread rate and caused high damage on young corn. One control that able to use is botanical insecticide. This experiment aims to determine the toxicity of neem, jatropha, clove, and citronella oil (concentrations of 0.1% and 0.05%) against S. frugiferda in corn. Tests carried out using the feeding assay or residue on corn leaves (size 5 x 5 cm). Then, the leaf treatment was given to 10 larvae of S. frugiferda (instars 2) for 48 hours. After that, the feed replaced with untreated feed. The test results showed that concentration neem oil of 0.1% caused the highest mortality of S. frugiferda. Neem oil exposure is also able to inhibit the time of larval development, reduce the percentage of feed consumption, and the weight of pupa the S. frugiferda. Other vegetable oils exposure gave lower mortality in the test insects and some treatments were not significantly different from the controls on the parameters of larval development, pupae weight, and percentage of feed consumption. Neem oils showed strong toxicity against S. frugiperda larvae with Lethal Concentration 50 (LC50) of 0.079 % (CI (95%) 0.066 – 0.095%) and LC95 of 0.338% (CI (95%) 0.024-0.567%).

EndophyticBbacteria origin of healthy rice plants produce antifungal volatile compound inhibited the growth of Pyricularia oryzae Cav., the causal agent of rice blast disease Fitri Widiantini; Fuji Hartati
CROPSAVER Vol 3, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran

Endophytic bacteria have been known as producers for bioactive compound in which widely used in the field of crop protection. Several isolates of endophytic bacteria have demonstrated their potential ability as biocontrol agents by inhibiting the development of major rice pathogens. However, their ability to produce bioactive compounds has not been explored. The study reported the ability of the endophytic bacteria isolates in producing antifungal volatile compounds to inhibit the growth of Pyricularia oryzae Cav., the causal agent of rice blast disease. The experiment was conducted by dual culture method using bipartite compartments in which the bacterial isolates and P. oryzae were grown separately and placed by facing to each other. The bacterial isolates were grown on ISP2 agar media, whereas P. oryzae was grown on PDA media. Nine isolates were tested for their ability in producing antifungal volatile compound. The potential of antifungal volatile compound was observed by the P. oryzae growth compared to control. Furthermore, its effect on the P. oryzae mycelia was observed under microscope. The result demonstrated that all of the tested isolates were able to produce volatile compound which were able to inhibit the growth of P. oryzae. In addition, the compounds were also causing mycelial alteration.

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