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INDONESIA
Jurnal Hortikultura
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 08537097     EISSN : 25025120     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Hortikultura (J.Hort) memuat artikel primer yang bersumber dari hasil penelitian hortikultura, yaitu tanaman sayuran, tanaman hias, tanaman buah tropika maupun subtropika. Jurnal Hortikultura diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hortikultura, Badan Litbang Pertanian, Kementerian Pertanian. Jurnal Hortikultura terbit pertama kali pada bulan Juni tahun 1991, dengan empat kali terbitan dalam setahun, yaitu setiap bulan Maret, Juni, September, dan Desember.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,166 Documents
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Pengaruh Jenis Kemasan dan Daya Simpan Umbi Bibit Bawang Merah terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil di Lapangan Soedomo, Raden Prasodjo
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 16, No 3 (2006): September 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Dalam pengiriman umbi bibit bawang merah ke suatu daerah, seringkali mengalami kendala di dalam sistem kemasan, sehingga ketika bibit sampai ke lokasi, umbi bibit banyak yang rusak sebelum ditanam, karena serangan penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui jenis bahan pengemas yang terbaik guna memperpanjang daya simpan umbi bibit bawang merah dan dampaknya terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil di lapangan. Percobaan dilakukan di Laboratorium Benih dan uji pertumbuhan di lapangan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang (1.250 m dpl), pada bulan Oktober 2004–Februari 2005. Penelitian di lapangan selanjutnya untuk observasi terhadap penampilan umbi bibit. Menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap untuk penelitian di penyimpanan dan rancangan acak kelompok untuk uji lapangan, dengan model rancangan petak terpisah, terdiri atas 4 ulangan dan 7 perlakuan, yaitu (1) kantong plastik + batu kapur (CaCO3), (2) kantong plastik + batu kapur (CaCO3) + O2, (3) kantong plastik + Aquastore, (4) kantong plastik + Aquastore + O2, (5) rajut plastik, 6) kantong kertas semen + batu kapur (Ca CO3), dan (7) kantong kertas semen + Aquastore. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa jenis pengemas jaring plastik adalah yang terbaik dengan kerusakan 12%, daya simpan mencapai 45 hari, persentase yang tumbuh di lapangan 96,0%, jumlah anakan 8,20 dan tinggi tanaman pada umur 14, 28, 42, dan 56 hst masing-masing adalah 12,70, 22,2, 27,50, dan 33,10 cm. Bobot umbi per rumpun basah dan kering masing-masing 120,5 dan 84,83 g. Pengemas dalam kondisi tertutup yang dapat dipergunakan adalah kertas semen, baik menggunakan bahan penyerap batu kapur maupun Aquastore dengan nilai kerusakan di penyimpanan masing-masing adalah 13,0 dan 15,5%, daya simpan masing-masing 52,0 hari, daya serap kelembaban mencapai 42,28 dan 516,0%. Persentase yang tumbuh di lapangan 96,6 dan 98,4%, jumlah anakan 7,95 dan 8,10, tinggi tanaman pada umur 14, 28, 42, dan 56 hst masing masing adalah 12,90, 19,20, 24,40, dan 30,71 cm (penyerap kapur) serta 12,80, 19,30, 24,50, dan 30,66 cm (penyerap Aquastore). Bobot hasil per rumpun basah dan kering 115,0 dan 82,10 g (penyerap kapur) dan 111,0 dan 80,50 g (penyerap Aquastore).ABSTRACT. Soedomo, R.P. 2006. The effect of the packing material on storage life of shallot seedbulbs and its impact to the growth and yield in the field. In the transportation of shallot seedbulb often encounter a lot of damages due to diseases attacked caused by unproper packing material. The objectives of the study were to find out the best packing material to lengthen of keeping quality of shallot seedbulbs and its impact to the growth and yield in the field. The study were conducted at the laboratory and in the field of Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute at Lembang (1,250 m asl) on October 2004 to February 2005. The subsequent planting was done in the research field of the institute to observe the performance of the seedbulbs. The experimental design was CRD for the storage study and RCBD for the field study, with a split plot design. There were 7 treatments with 4 replications. The treatments were (1) polyethylene wrap + CaCO3, (2) polyethylene wrap + CaCO3 + O2, (3) polyethylene wrap + Aquastore, (4) polyethylene wrap + Aquastore + O2, (5) polyethylene plastic net, (6) cement paper bag + CaCO3, and (7) cement paper bag + Aquastore. The results showed that plastic net packing material was the best with seed damages only 12%, stored for 45 days, with growing capacity in field was 96.0%, the plant height at 14, 28, 42, and 56 days after planting (dap) were 12.70 cm; 22.20 cm; 27.50 cm; and 33.10 cm respectively and the number of bulblet was 8.20. The wet-weight and dry-weight of the bulb were 120.5 and 84.83 g respectively. The closed packaging using cement paper, with absorber materials of lime stone or Aquastore indicated that shallot seedbulbs can be stored for 52 days with seed damaged of 13.0 and 15.5% respectively. The capacity to absorb humidity were 42.28% (lime stone) and 5.16% (Aquastore). Growing capacity of seedbulb in the field were 96.6% (lime stone) and 98.4% (Aquastore). Plant height at 14, 28, 42, and 56 dap were, 12.90, 18.20, 24.40, and 30.71 cm (lime stone absorber) and 12.80; 19.30; 24.50 and 39.66 cm (absorber Aquastore) respectively. Number of bulblet 7.95 (lime stone) and 8.10 bulblet (Aquastore). The wet-weight dry-weight of the bulb per plant were 115.0 and 82.10 g (lime stone absorber) and 111.0 and 80.50 g (Aquastore absorber) respectively.
Aspek Nonteknis dan Indikator Efisiensi Sistem Pertanaman Tumpang Sari Sayuran Dataran Tinggi Adiyoga, Witono; Suherman, Rachman; Gunadi, Nikardi; Hidayat, Achmad
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 14, No 3 (2004): September 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di sentra produksi sayuran dataran tinggi Pangalengan, Jawa Barat pada bulan No vem ber2001. Observasi lapang dan survai for mal melalui wawancara dengan 23 orang petani responden diarahkan untukmemperoleh data/informasi dasar mencakup aspek non-teknis dan indikator efisiensi sistem pertanaman tumpangsaripada komunitas sayuran dataran tinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komoditas sayuran utama yangdiusahakan secara monokultur maupun tumpangsari di Pangalengan adalah kentang, kubis, petsai, cabai dan tomat.Petani mempersepsi kentang sebagai komoditas sayuran yang teknik budidayanya pal ing dikuasai serta pal ing dapatdiandalkan/menguntungkan. Sementara itu, tomat dan kubis dikategorikan sebagai jenis sayuran yang memiliki risikoproduksi pal ing tinggi (terutama dikaitkan dengan risiko kehilangan hasil panen akibat serangan hama penyakit).Sebagian besar petani responden cenderung lebih sering memilih sistem pertanaman tumpangsari berdasarkanpertimbangan (a) memberikan ruang gerak yang lebih leluasa bagi petani untuk menghindarkan kemungkinankehilangan hasil secara to tal serta kerugian finansial yang disebabkan oleh rendahnya harga salah satu komoditas yangditanam, (b) memanfaatkan lahan dan energi sinar matahari secara lebih efisien, (c) instabilitas hasil yang disebabkanoleh cekaman lingkungan maupun serangan hama penyakit secara keseluruhan dapat dikurangi oleh karena sistemterdiri dari dua atau lebih spesies tanaman yang berbeda, (d) memungkinkan penggunaan tenaga kerja dan modalproduksi secara lebih efisien, dan (e) dua atau lebih cabang usaha (jenis tanaman) yang menopang sistem tersebutdapat saling menutupi jika salah satu di antaranya mengalami kerugian. Sebagian besar petani responden cenderungmemberikan penilaian positif terhadap sta tus sistem pertanaman tumpangsari berkaitan dengan kemungkinanpeningkatan pendapatan usahatani, pengurangan risiko harga/hasil dan pemeliharaan/perbaikan kelestarianlingkungan. Evaluasi produktivitas sistem pertanaman tumpangsari menunjukkan bahwa nisbah kesetaraan lahanuntuk berbagai kombinasi tanaman, berkisar antara 1,13-2,10. Berdasarkan urutan kepentingannya, petanimempersepsi fluktuasi harga, ketersediaan modal dan insiden hama penyakit sebagai tiga kendala terpentingkeberhasilan sistem pertanaman tumpangsari sayuran dataran tinggi. Secara berturut-turut kemudian diikuti olehketersediaan lahan, ketersediaan pupuk/pestisida, ketersediaan air/pengairan, erosi tanah atau kesuburan tanah,ketersediaan informasi teknis dan ketersediaan tenaga kerjaABSTRACT. Adiyoga, W., R. Suherman, N. Gunadi dan A. Hidayat. 2002. Nontechnical aspects and efficiencyindicators of highland vegetable multiple cropping systems. This study was carried out in November 2001, in thehigland vegetable production center, Pangalengan, West Java. Field observation and formal survey to interview 23respondents were aimed to obtain information on non-technical aspects and efficiency indicators of highlandvegetable multiple cropping systems. Results indicate that potato, cabbage, chinese cabbage, hot pepper and tomatoare the most common vegetable crops grown in monocropping and multiple cropping systems. Farmers perceivepotato as the most familiar/manageable, in terms of cultural practices, and the most profitable crop. Tomato andcabbage are perceived as crops that have highest risk, in relation to pest and disease yield losses. There is an increasingtrend of the use of multiple cropping by farmers since (a) it may avoid the yield and financial total loss, (b) it couldutilize land and lights more efficiently, (c) it may reduce the yield instability caused by environmental stress andpests/diseases incidence, and (d) it may use labor and capital more efficiently. Most respondents are in favor of or inagreement with the multiple cropping system’s potential in increasing net income, reducing price and yield risks, andmaintaining and improving environmental conservation. Productivity evaluation of multiple cropping systems showsthat the land-equivalent ratio for some crop combinations is quite high (1.13-2.10). Based on its relative importance,farmers perceive price fluctuation, working capital availability and pest and disease incidence as the main threeconstraints that hamper the succesfulness of the highland vegetable multiple cropping systems. The other secondarycontraints are related to the availability of land, fertilizer and pesticide, water and irrigation, technical information,labor, and soil fertility and ero sion.
Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Ragi dalam Kultur In Vitro Plantlet Media Anggrek Widiastoety, Diah; Kartikaningrum, Suskandari
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 13, No 2 (2003): Juni 2003
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak ragi terhadap pertumbuhan plantlet anggrek dendrobium. Anggrek dendrobium merupakan salah satu jenis anggrek yang disukai konsumen. Tanaman anggrek umumnya menggunakan bibit anggrek asal kultur in vitro. Optimasi komposisi media untuk kultur in vitro sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan multiplikasi maupun kualitas bibit. Salah satu cara optimasi media yaitu dengan pemberian bahan organik kompleks. Bahan penelitian ini adalah plantlet anggrek dendrobium yang ditumbuhkan dalam media Vacin & Went dengan penambahan air kelapa 150 ml/l, sukrosa 20 g/l, dan bubur pisang 50 g/l. Perlakukan-perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan sembilan perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas penambahan ekstrak ragi ke dalam media kultur dengan konsentrasi: 0 (kontrol); 0,25; 0,50; 0,75; 1,00; 1,25; 1,50; 1,75; dan 2,00 g/l. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak ragi dalam media kultur dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan plantlet anggrek dendrobium. Ekstrak ragi konsentrasi 1,25 g/l merupakan konsentrasi terbaik bagi pertumbuhan plantlet dilihat dari tinggi tanaman, luas daun, panjang, dan jumlah akar. Kata kunci: Anggrek dendrobium; Ekstrak ragi; Media; Plantlet. ABSTRACT. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of yeast extract on the growth of dendrobium plantlets. Dendrobium is one of the favourite orchid genera. The orchid plantations generally use orchid seedlings that are obtained through in vitro culture. Media optimization is a critical point for improving the capacity of seedling mul- tiplication and quality. One of the methods to enrich the medium was the use of a complex organic mixture of yeast ex- tract. The materials used in this research were dendrobium orchid plantlets that were cultivated in Vacin  & Went medium with the addition of 150 ml/l of coconut water, 20 g/l of sucrose and 50 g/l of banana pulp. The treatments were laid in a randomized block design with nine treatments and three replications. The treatments were the addition of yeast extract into the culture medium of concentrations of 0 (control); 0.25; 0.50; 0.75; 1.00; 1.25; 1.50; 1.75; and 2.00 g/l. The results  showed that the use of yeast in the culture media significantly increased growth of dendrobium plantlets. Concentration of 1.25 g/l was the best for the performance of plantlets in term of plants height, leaf size, root length and number of roots.
Pengaruh Tanaman Penutup Tanah dan Mulsa Organik terhadap Produksi Cabai dan Erosi Tanah Sumarni, Nani; Hidayat, Aang; Sumiati, Eti
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 16, No 3 (2006): September 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Masalah utama budidaya cabai di lahan kering pegunungan dengan kemiringan >15° adalah erosi tanah dan pencucian hara sebagai akibat aliran air di permukaan tanah. Salah satu upaya mengatasinya adalah dengan penggunaan tanaman penutup tanah dan mulsa organik. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Samarang, Kabupaten Garut, Jawa Barat, dengan tujuan mendapatkan jenis tanaman penutup tanah dan mulsa organik yang cocok untuk penanaman cabai. Penelitian menggunakan strip plot design dengan 4 perlakuan jenis tanaman penutup tanah (tanpa tanaman penutup tanah, kacang jogo, kacang tanah, dan ubi jalar) dan 3 jenis mulsa organik (tanpa mulsa, jerami, dan sisa-sisa tanaman). Masing-masing perlakuan diulang 3 kali. Tanaman penutup tanah dan tanaman cabai ditanam pada waktu bersamaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan mulsa jerami dan mulsa sisa-sisa tanaman tidak meningkatkan hasil bobot buah cabai, tetapi meningkatkan jumlah buah cabai masing-masing 6,8 dan 4,0% dan menekan erosi tanah sebesar 34,82%. Tanaman kacang jogo dan kacang tanah sebagai tanaman penutup tanah dapat meningkatkan produksi cabai masing-masing sebesar 11,74 dan 33,91%, dan juga dapat menurunkan erosi tanah masing-masing sebesar 22,41 dan 39,65%. Sebaliknya tanaman penutup tanah ubi jalar dapat menurunkan hasil cabai, tetapi paling efektif untuk menekan erosi tanah, yaitu sebesar 41,38%. Tanaman penutup tanah paling baik untuk penanaman cabai adalah kacang tanah karena dapat memberikan peningkatan hasil cabai paling tinggi (33,91%). Penggunaan tanaman penutup dan mulsa organik yang baik diharapkan dapat mempertahankan keberlanjutan produktivitas lahan.ABSTRACT. Sumarni, N., A. Hidayat, and E. Sumiati. 2006. The effect of cover crops and organic mulches on hot pepper yield and soil erosion. The main problem of hot pepper cultivation in dry upland with slope of >15° is the nutrient leaching and soil erosion due to run-off. One of the efforts to overcome this problem is by utilization of cover crops and organic mulches. The aim of the experiment was to determine the best cover crop and organic mulch in hot pepper cultivation. A strip plot design with 3 replications was used. The treatments were 4 kinds of cover crops (without cover crop, red bean, ground peanut, and sweet potato) and 3 kind of organic mulches (without mulch, rice straw, and plant residues). Cover crops and hot pepper were planted at the same time. Results of the experiment indicated that application of rice straw and plant residues mulches did not affect the yield of hot pepper, but increased the fruit number by 6.8% and 4% respectively, and decreased soil erosion by 34.82%. Using red bean and ground peanut as cover crops could increase hot pepper yield by 11.74 and 33.91%, and also decreased soil erosion by 22.41 and 39.65%, respectively. On the other hand, cover crop of sweet potato decreased the growth and yields of pepper, however, it was the most effective for decreasing soil erosion (41.38%). The best cover crop for cultivating hot pepper was ground peanut which gave the highest increased in yield of hot pepper (33.91%). Application of suitable cover crop and organic mulch can maintain soil productivity.
Kultur In Vitro Biji Duku Triatminingsih, Rahayu; -, Karsinah; Subakti, Hary; Fitrianingsih, I
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 13, No 2 (2003): Juni 2003
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Solok, dari bulan Juli sampai dengan Desember 1999. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kombinasi benzil amino purin dan naftalen asam  asetat  yang cocok untuk pertumbuhan biji duku secara in vitro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media yang cocok untuk tahap inisiasi  kultur eksplan biji adalah WPM+0,5 ppm BAP tanpa NAA selama satu minggu, kemudian untuk tahap multiplikasinya adalah media WPM + 1 ppm BAP tanpa NAA. Jumlah tunas per biji terbanyak 6,67 tunas dan tunas terpanjang 5,4 + 0,2449 cm. Media subkultur selanjutnya adalah WPM + 0,5 ppm BAP+0,1 ppm NAA. Jumlah akar terbanyak adalah 20,33 buah terjadi pada media WPM+2 ppm BAP+0,2 ppm NAA. Kata kunci : Lancium domesticum; Eksplan; Media; Pertumbuhan tunas. ABSTRACT. This experiment was conducted at the tissue culture laboratory of Indonesian Fruits Research Institute at Solok, from July to December 1999. The objective of this experiment was to find out suitable medium for growing langzone explants. The results indicated that a suitable media for growth of seed explant on the initiation stage was WPM + 0.5 ppm BAP without NAA during one week and subculture medium for multiplication stage was WPM + 1 ppm BAP without NAA. Highest number of adventitious shoot and shoot length were 6.67 and 5.4 + 0.2449 cm, respectively. The use of 0.5 ppm of BAP associated with 0.1 ppm of NAA was essential for obtaining the vigor plantlets. Maximum root number, 20,33 were obtained on media WPM + 2 ppm BAP + 0.2 ppm NAA.
Formula Larutan Pulsing untuk Bunga Potong Alpinia Yulianingsih, -; Amiarsih, Dwi; Diharjo, Sabari Sorso
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 16, No 3 (2006): September 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Larutan pulsing merupakan perlakuan yang diberikan pada bunga sebelum pengiriman untuk memberi tambahan sumber energi, dan melindungi tangkai bunga dari masuk dan berkembangnya mikroorganisme penyebab penyumbatan pada batang dan menunda senesensi. Tujuan penelitian adalah memperoleh komposisi larutan pulsing yang tepat dalam upaya memperpanjang masa kesegaran bunga potong Alpinia. Penelitian menggunakan 3 jenis bahan pengawet masing-masing terdiri dari 3 taraf konsentrasi, yaitu gula (10, 20, 30%), AgNO3 (25, 50, 75 ppm), dan thiabendazol (25, 50, 75 ppm). Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perendaman dalam larutan 20% gula + 50 ppm AgNO3 + 50 ppm thiabendazol (pH 3-4) selama 2 jam memberikan hasil terbaik, dengan masa kesegaran bunga potong mencapai 12,78 hari (6,39 hari lebih lama dibanding tanpa perendaman) dengan persentase pembukaan bractea 42,13%.ABSTRACT. Yulianingsih, D. Amiarsi, and Sabari S. 2006. The effect of pulsing solution on the freshness of alpine cut flower. Pulsing solution is commonly used to prolong vaselife by dipping the flower stems in a solution containing sugars and germicides before delivery in order to serve source of energy and to prevent the plugging of stems by microbial growth. An experiment was conducted to determine the appropriate composition of pulsing solution to prolong vaselife of alpine cut flower. In this experiment, 3 kinds of preservatives at 3 concentrations of pulsing solutions were tested, consisted of 10, 20, 30% sugar, 25, 50, 75 ppm AgNO3, and 25, 50, 75 ppm thiabendazole. The experiment was arranged in a factorial completely randomised design with 3 replications. The results indicated that pulsing solution of 20% sugar + 50 ppm AgNO3 + 50 ppm thiabendazole and dipping periode of 2 hours was the best treatment with vaselife of 12.78 days (6.39 days longer than the control) with bud opening of 42.13%.
Pengaruh Jenis dan Perbandingan Pelarut terhadap Hasil Ekstraksi Minyak Atsiri Mawar Amiarsih, Dwi; Yulianingsih, -; Diharjo, Sabari Sosro
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 16, No 4 (2006): Desember 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan jenis dan perbandingan pelarut yang tepat dalam upaya mendapatkan rendemen concrete dan minyak mawar berkadar tinggi dengan mutu prima. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Fisiologi Tanaman Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias, Pasarminggu, Jakarta. Mawar American Beauty, diekstraksi dengan jenis pelarut (heksan, petroleum eter, dan metil isobutil keton) dengan perbandingan bunga dan pelarut (1:1, 1:2, dan 1:3) selama 12 jam. Pengambilan filtrat melalui penyaringan dan pemerasan. Ekstrak dievaporasi vakum untuk mendapatkan concrete. Concrete yang diperoleh dilarutkan dengan etanol 96% dan diuapkan kembali untuk mendapatkan minyak mawar (absolut). Parameter yang diamati adalah rendemen concrete dan absolut, indeks bias, dan komponen penyusun minyak. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan acak lengkap pola faktorial dengan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian terbaik menunjukkan bahwa rendemen concrete dan rendemen absolut pada jenis pelarut metil isobutil keton dengan perbandingan bunga dan pelarut 1:3, masing-masing 1,35 dan 0,74%. Mutu minyak mawar yang dihasilkan mempunyai indeks bias 1,49 dan mengandung komponen penyusun minyak atsiri dengan 6 komponen sudah diidentifikasi, yaitu fenil etil alkohol, citronellol, geraniol, metil eugenol, α-pinena, dan β–pinena.ABSTRACT. Amiarsi, D., Yulianingsih, and Sabari S.D. 2006. The effect of kinds and composition of solvent on the yield of rose essential oil. The objective of the study was to find out the best kind and composition of solvent for extraction of rose essential oil with good quality and quantity of concrete and absolute. The treatments were extraction by dipping flower in 3 kinds of solvent (hexane, petroleum ether, andisobuthyl ketone) with composition of flower-solvent (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3) for 12 hours. Solution was separated by filtering and manual pressing. Extract was vacuum evaporated to produce concrete. Concrete was dissolved in ethanol 96% and vacuum evaporated to get absolute rose essential oil. Observations were done on the yield of concrete and absolute, refraction index of absolute, and the composition of essential oil. The experiment was arranged in a factorial completely randomized design with 3 replications. The results indicated that the highest concrete and absolute rendement was obtained by methyl isobuthyl ketone solvent with composition of 1:3 flower-solvent, i.e. 1.35% and 0.74% respectively. Rose essential oil showed good quality with refraction index of 1.49 and 6 component of essential oil were identified, i.e. fenyl ethyl alcohol, citronellol, geraniol, methyl eugenol, α-pinena, and β–pinena.
Karakterisasi dan Evaluasi Beberapa Aksesi Nanas Hadiati, Sri; Purnomo, Sudarmani; Sukmayadi, Iwan; -, Kartono
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 13, No 2 (2003): Juni 2003
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi dan mengevaluasi karakter-karakter penting beberapa aksesi nanas dalam upaya mendapatkan tetua untuk perakitan varietas unggul. Penelitian dilakukan di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah, Solok  mulai bulan Januari  2001 sampai Februari 2002. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan 24 perlakuan (24 nomor aksesi) dan diulang dua kali. Setiap perlakuan terdiri dari empat tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakter antaraksesi nanas berbeda, kecuali jumlah dan lebar daun. Aksesi dengan tepi daun tidak berduri ditampilkan oleh aksesi nomor 4C, 5C, 8C, 20C, 26C, 27C, dan 34C. Aksesi yang mempunyai karakter unggul pada komponen buah, yaitu mempunyai mahkota tunggal ditampilkan oleh semua nomor aksesi, kecuali nomor 30H dan 32H; tangkai buah pendek oleh nomor 2Q, 4C, 5C, 8C, 20C, 26C, 27C, dan 34C; bobot buah >1.000 g  oleh nomor 26C, 30H, 32H, dan 34C; mata dangkal oleh nomor 2Q, 16Q, 4C, 5C, 8C, 20C, 27C, dan 34C; serta aksesi yang mempunyai diameter buah >9,5 cm ditampilkan oleh nomor 3H, 30H, 32H, 4C, 8C, 26C, 27C, dan 34C. Aksesi yang mempunyai karakter unggul pada kualitas buah, yaitu kandungan TSS ³16° Brix adalah nomor 2Q, 16Q, 18Q, 4C, 5C, 8C, 20C, 27C, dan 34C; vitamin C tinggi aksesi nomor 1MP, 45MP, 3H, 30H, 32H, 10M, 33M, dan 4C; kadar serat rendah ditampilkan oleh semua nomor aksesi, kecuali nomor 1MP dan 45MP; rasio daging/hati yang besar oleh nomor 3H, 30H, 32H, 10M, dan 33M. Aksesi yang mempunyai jumlah karakter unggul terbanyak, yaitu tepi daun tidak berduri, mahkota tunggal, tangkai buah pendek, mata dangkal, diameter buah > 9,5 cm, TSS ³ 16° Brix, kadar serat rendah ditampilkan oleh nomor 4C, 8C, 27C, dan 34C. Bobot buah ditentukan oleh karakter diameter dan panjang buah. Pada jarak taksonomi 1,95 terbagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok A (klon merah, hijau, queen, dan  cayenne) dan  kelompok  B  (klon  merah  pagar).  Informasi  karakter  ini  dapat digunakan  sebagai pertimbangan untuk pemilihan tetua dalam program perakitan varietas unggul. Kata kunci: ,Ananas comosus; Karakterisasi; Evaluasi;  Pertumbuhan dan hasil; Mutu buah. ABSTRACT. The aim of the research was to characterize and evaluate the important characters of some pineapple accessions to obtain the parents for establish the superior variety. This research was conducted at In- donesian Fruit Research Institute from January 2001 to February 2002. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized block design with 24 accessions as treatments and two replications. Each experimental unit consisted of four plants. The results showed that all characters were significantly different among accessions, except the number and width of leaves. The leaves margin whithout spine were showed by accessions number of 4C, 5C, 8C, 20C, 26C, 27C, and 34C; superior characters of fruit component, i.e single crown were showed by all accessions, except acces- sion number 30H and 32H; short peduncle showed by 2Q, 4C, 5C, 8C, 20C, 26C, 27C, and 34C; fruit weight > 1000 g showed by 30H, 32H, 26C, and 34C; flat eyes showed by 2Q, 16Q, 4C, 5C, 8C, 20C, 27C, and 34C of accessions number. Superior characters of fruit quality, i.e. TSS level ³ 16 °Brix were showed by accessions number of 2Q, 16Q, 18Q, 4C, 5C, 8C, 20C, 27C, and 34; high vitamin C content showed by 1MP, 45MP, 3H, 30H, 32H, 10M, 33M, and 4C; low fibre content showed by all accessions, except accessions number 1MP and 45MP; high flesh/core thickness ratio showed by 3H, 30H, 32H, 10M, and 33M. It’s looked that accessions number 4C, 8C, 27C, and 34C had more superior characters than the others, i..e leave margin whithout spine, single crown, short peduncle, fruit diameter > 9.5 cm, TSS level ³ 16 °Brix, and low fibre content. Fruit weight was determined by diameter and length of fruit characters. There were two clone groups at 1.95 taxonomic distance, i.e group A consisted of merah, hijau, queen, and cayanne clones, and group B consisted of merah pagar clone. The information about the characters observed could be used to obtain the  parents for establish  the superior variety.
Pencampuran Spodoptera exigua Nu clear Polyhedrosis Virus dengan Insektisida Kimia untuk Mortalitas Larva Spodoptera exigua Hbn. di Laboratorium Moekaan, Tony Koestony
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 14, No 3 (2004): September 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Percobaan laboratorium telah dilaksanakan di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang ( ± 1.250 m dpl), mulaibulan Agustus sampai No vem ber 1999. Tujuan percobaan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pencampuran insektisida,efikasi, dan tenggang waktu membunuh campuran SeNPV dengan beberapa insektisida kimia terhadap larva S.exigua instar-2 atau 3. Sampel larva S. exigua dikumpulkan dari pertanaman petani bawang merah di daerah Brebes,Jawa Tengah dan diperbanyak di Rumahkasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran. Percobaan menggunakan metodepencelupan daun bawang merah ke dalam larutan for mula insektisida. For mula insektisida secara tunggal dancampuran diujikan pada 30 larva S. exigua di dalam cawan plastik, dengan empat ulangan pada tiap perlakuan.Mortalitas larva S. exigua diamati setiap 24 jam sampai dengan 168 jam setelah perlakuan. Data mortalitas larva diolahmenggunakan analisis probit untuk menetapkan nilai LC50. Berdasarkan nilai LC50 campuran insektisida, campuranSeNPV dengan insektisida klorfluazuron, betasiflutrin, fifronil, profenofos, dimetoat, deltametrin, lamda sihalotrin,dan tebufenosida, menunjukkan efektivitas sinergistik dan meningkatkan efikasi, masing-masing sebesar 18,9; 24,3;19,0; 19,3; 19,5; 22,3; 16,3; dan 7,0 kali lipat jika dibandingkan dengan SeNPV secara tunggal. Selain itu, nilaitenggang waktu membunuh LT50 berkisar antara 86,4 sampai 136,8 jam atau kira-kira 4 sampai 6 hari.AB STRACT. Moekasan, T.K. 2004. Mix tures of SeNPV and chem i cal in sec ti cides against lar vae mor tal ity ofSpodoptera exigua Hbn. in lab o ra tory. A laboratory study has been conducted at Indonesian Vegetables ResearchIn sti tute, Lembang (±1,250 m asl), from Au gust to No vem ber 1999. The aim of the study was to de ter mine the ef fect ofbi nary mix tures, their ef fi cacy and le thal time against sec ond/third instar of S. exigua lar vae. Sam ple of S. exigua lar -vae were col lected from farm ers’ field in Brebes, Cen tral Jawa and mass pro duc tion done in a screenhouse. A dip pingmethod of cut ting shal lot leaves in a for mu lated of tested in sec ti cides was used. The for mu lated con cen tra tion of in -sec ti cides, alone and mix tures was tested to thirty S. exigua lar vae in a plas tic cup with four rep li ca tions. Mor tal ity of S.exigua lar vae was ob served at 24 hours af ter ex po sures and re peat edly ev ery 24 hours up to 168 hours of ex po sures.The mor tal ity data was an a lyzed us ing probit anal y sis to de ter mine the LC50 val ues. Based on LC50 value of in sec ti -cides mix tures, the ad di tion of chlorfluazurone, betacyfluthrine, fifronile, profenofos, dimethoate, deltamethrine,lamda sihalothrine, and tebufenozide to the SeNPV, in di cated syn er gism and in creased their ef fi cacy by 18.9; 24.3;19.0; 19.3; 19.5; 22.3; 16.3; and 7.0 fold higher, re spec tively, com pared to SeNPV singly. In ad di tion, the LT50 valuewere rang ing from 86.4 up to 136.8 hours or 4 to 6 days.
Pendugaan Jarak Genetik dan Hubungan Kekerabatan Nanas Berdasarkan Analisis Isozim Hadiati, Sri
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 13, No 2 (2003): Juni 2003
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui jarak genetik dan hubungan kekerabatan 30 aksesi nanas berdasarkan analisis isozim. Penelitian dilakukan di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah-Solok mulai bulan  September  sampai dengan November 2001. Analisis isozim menggunakan elektroforesis model vertikal dengan gel poliakrilamid dengan lima sistem  enzim (peroksidase,  fosfoglukomutase,  alkohol  dehidrogenase,  malat  dehidrogenase,  dan  sikimat dehidrogenase). Untuk menentukan kemiripan genetik antaraksesi-aksesi nanas digunakan rumus koefisien kemiripan Dice. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa derajat kemiripan genetik paling kecil (0,23) atau jarak genetik terjauh (0,77) terdapat antara aksesi no. 16, 18, 24, 28, 31, 22, 2 (klon queen) dengan aksesi no. 10, 33, 35, 44 (klon merah) dan aksesi no. 3, 30, 32, 46 (klon hijau). Derajat kemiripan genetik terbesar (1,00) atau jarak genetik terdekat (0,00) terjadi antaranggota dalam klon merah, hijau, merah pagar, queen (kecuali no. 11, 17, 7), dan cayenne (kecuali no. 4, 37, 38). Hubungan kekerabatan 30 nomor aksesi terdiri atas empat kelompok pada kemiripan genetik 0,63, yaitu klon merah dan hijau, klon merah pagar, klon queen, dan klon cayenne. Tetua yang berjarak genetik jauh memiliki variabilitas genetik yang luas dan efek heterosis yang tinggi, sehingga peluang mendapatkan varietas unggul dalam persilangan semakin besar. Kata kunci : Ananas comosus, Aksesi; Jarak genetik: Hubungan kekerabatan;Isozim ABSTRACT. The objectives of this research were to determine genetic distance and genetic relationships among the pineapple accessions based on isozyme banding patterns.This research was conducted at Indonesian Fuit Research Institute from September to November 2001. Isozyme was analyzed using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with five enzymes (peroksidase, phosphoglucomutase, alcohol dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and shikimate dehydrogenase). The similarity based on Dice formula was used to determine genetic distance of 30 pineapple accessions. The results showed that the nearest genetic similarity (0.23) or the farthest genetic distance (0.77) was among accessions number of 16, 18, 24, 28, 31, 22, 2 (queen clones) accessions number of 10, 33, 35, 44 (red clones) and accessions of 3, 30, 32, 46 (green clones). The biggest genetic similarity (1.00) or the nearest genetis distance (0.00) was occured on the clones red, green, merah pagar, queen except for 11, 17, 7, and cayenne clone except for no. 4, 37, 38. The 30 pineapple accessions relationship was grouped into four genetic similarity 0.65, of red clone, merah pagar clone, queen clone, and cayenne clone. Parents having for genetic distance indicated wide genetic variability and high heterosis effect so that the hybridization give the big chance for getting superior quality.

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