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Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 23561297     EISSN : 25287222     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar (JTIDP) published by Indonesian Center for Estate Crops Research and Development is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that publishes significant and important research from area of agricultural science on industrial and beverage crops.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 407 Documents
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Hubungan Bakteri Endofit dan Nematoda Parasit Penyebab Penyakit Kuning pada Tanaman Lada di Provinsi Bangka Belitung Abdul Munif; Kristiana kristiana
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 1 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v3n1.2012.p71-78

Abstract

Penyakit kuning yang disebabkan oleh nematoda parasit Meloidogyne incognita dan  Radopholus similis masih menjadi penyebab utama penurunan produksi lada di Provinsi Bangka Belitung. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kelimpahan populasi bakteri endofit dan nematoda parasit pada perkebunan lada rakyat di Kabupaten Bangka Selatan dan Bangka Tengah. Penelitian meliputi survei tingkat kejadian penyakit kuning dan pengamatan populasi nematoda dan bakteri endofit pada pertanaman lada milik petani. Pengambilan sampel tanah dan akar lada berasal dari pertanaman lada yang sehat dan yang sakit atau terserang berat. Isolasi bakteri endofit dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik sterilisasi permukaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara populasi bakteri endofit dengan populasi nematoda parasit penyebab penyakit kuning pada tanaman lada. Kelimpahan populasi bakteri endofit pada kebun lada yang sehat lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kebun lada yang sakit. The Relationship between endophytic bacteria and yellow disease caused by parasitic-nematode on black pepper in Bangka Belitung provinceABSTRACT Yellow disease caused by parasitic nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita and Radopholus similis) is still a major constraint of black pepper production in Bangka Belitung. A study was carried out to investigate the relationship between population of endophytic bacteria and yellow disease caused by plant-parasitic nematodes on black pepper grown at districts of Bangka and Central Bangka. The study was conducted at farmers’ black pepper plantations. A number of soil and root samples was taken from healthy black pepper vines and highly infected-nematode ones. An isolation of endophytic bacteria was then done through a surface sterilization method. Results shows there was a positive correlation between the population of endophytic bacteria and yellow disease incidence rates caused by plant-parasitic nematodes on black pepper plants. The population of endophytic bacteria found in the healthy black pepper plants was higher than those of in the  infected-nematode ones.  
Evaluasi Ukuran Biji Beras, Kadar Kafein, dan Mutu Cita Rasa Lima Kultivar Kopi Arabika Enny Randriani; Dani Dani; Edi Wardiana
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v1n1.2014.p49-56

Abstract

Perbaikan mutu fisik, biokimia, dan cita rasa berbasis kultivar penting dilakukan saat ini untuk meningkatkan daya saing kopi Indonesia di pasar global. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi keragaman ukuran biji, kadar kafein, dan mutu cita rasa lima kultivar kopi Arabika, yaitu ABP-1, ABP-2, ABP-3, AGK-1, dan S-795. Kelima kultivar tersebut ditanam pada tahun 2008 oleh petani di Desa Marga Mulya, Kecamatan Cikandang, Kabupaten Garut, Jawa Barat pada ketinggian 1.300 m di atas permukaan laut. Biji dari masing-masing kultivar dipanen pada bulan Juli-Agustus 2013 melalui prosedur pengolahan basah. Sampel sebanyak 100 biji beras dari masing-masing kultivar diambil secara acak untuk pengukuran panjang, lebar, tebal, dan bobot 100 biji beras. Pengukuran tersebut diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Analisis varian satu arah dan analisis gerombol dilakukan terhadap data hasil pengukuran. Selain itu, sampel sebanyak 500 gram biji beras dari masing-masing kultivar digunakan untuk pengujian mutu fisik, kimia, dan cita rasa. Ukuran biji beras diklasifikasikan berdasarkan standar SNI 01-2907-2008, sedangkan kandungan kafein diuji berdasarkan prosedur Official Method of Analysis AOAC. Penilaian mutu seduhan mengacu kepada protokol Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa biji beras kultivar ABP-1, ABP-2, AGK-1, dan S-795 termasuk dalam kategori besar, meskipun berdasarkan analisis gerombol terbagi ke dalam dua kelompok. Hanya kultivar ABP-3 yang memiliki ukuran biji beras tergolong kecil dan mengelompok sendiri. Kandungan kafein biji kultivar ABP-1, ABP-2, dan S-795 di bawah 1%, sedangkan ABP-3 dan AGK-1 lebih besar dari 1%. Meskipun demikian, semua kultivar yang diuji termasuk dalam kategori spesialti karena nilai akhirnya mencapai > 80,00.Kata Kunci: Kopi Arabika, spesialti, seleksi, spesifik lokasiCultivar-based quality improvement of Arabica coffee is very important in order to increase competitiveness of Indonesian coffee product in global market. The objectives of this study were to identify the diversity of green bean size, levels of caffeine, and quality among five Arabica coffee cultivars that cultivated by farmers in West Java, ABP-1, ABP-2, ABP-3, AGK-1, and S-795. The research was conducted at 1.300 m above sea level in Garut, West Java, Indonesia. Ripe cherries samples of each cultivars grown in the same area was taken in July-August 2013. Seeds were separated from the rind using wet processing procedure. Sample of 100 green beans were randomly taken for measurement of length, width, thickness, and weight of 100 green beans. Measurements were repeated three times and collected data were analyzed with analysis of variance and analysis of clusters methods. In addition, samples of 500 grams of green beans were taken from each cultivars and subsequently used for testing the quality of the physical, chemical and cupping. Green bean size was determined according to SNI 01-2907-2008, while caffeine content was analysed using AOAC Official Method of Analysis. Cupping test protocol was refer to the Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA) method. The results showed that green bean size of ABP-1, ABP-2, AGK-, and S-795 cultivars were classified as large, even though they were clustered into two distinct groups. On the other hand, ABP-3 cultivar produced a small green bean size and solely separated into third group. Caffeine content of ABP-1, ABP-2, and S-795 cultivars were of < 1%, meanwhile ABP-3 and AGK-1 cultivars were of >1%. However, the quality and taste of all cultivars have very good cup quality (score> 80) and meets the criteria for specialty coffee.
Seleksi Genotipe Unggul Kopi Robusta Spesifik Lokasi Dani Dani; Cici Tresniawati; Enny Randriani
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 2 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n2.2013.p139-144

Abstract

Seleksi genotipe unggul kopi Robusta yang memiliki karakteristik biji besar, kandungan kafein rendah, dan citarasa baik sangat penting dilakukan dalam rangka meningkatkan nilai ekonomi kopi Robusta di pasar global. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan seleksi genotipe kopi Robusta terbaik berdasarkan kriteria-kriteria tersebut di atas. Waktu pelaksanaan penelitian pada bulan Januari-Desember 2012. Bahan seleksi berupa populasi lima genotipe kopi Robusta hasil seleksi petani (MCJ-1, SCJ-1, PKCJ-1, PHCJ-1, dan SuCJ-1) yang telah banyak dibudidayakan di wilayah Kabupaten Curup, Provinsi Bengkulu. Kriteria seleksi berdasarkan karakteristik mutu fisik dan morfometrik biji beras, kandungan kafein, dan mutu citarasa seduhan. Pengujian mutu fisik biji beras, kandungan kafein, dan mutu citarasa seduhan dilaksanakan di Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia, Jember. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diketahui bahwa genotipe PKCJ-1 memiliki karakteristik ukuran biji paling besar dan kandungan kafein paling rendah. Genotipe PHCJ-1 dan SCJ-1 paling baik dalam hal citarasa dan telah memenuhi kategori salah satu kriteria kopi spesialti. Dengan demikian, berdasarkan kriteria seleksi yang telah ditetapkan, ketiganya terpilih sebagai genotipe harapan.Kata Kunci: Kopi Robusta, seleksi genotipe, kafein rendah, mutu citarasaSelection of Robusta coffee genotypes which have superior characteristics, such as large beans size, low caffeine content, and good cup quality taste, is essential in order to increase its economic value in the world market. The objectives of the research was to select the superior genotype(s) of Robusta coffee based on characteristics as mentioned above. The research was carried out at Januari to December 2012. Material used was five genotypes of farmer-selected Robusta coffee (MCJ-1, SCJ-1, PKCJ-1, PHCJ-1, and SuCJ-1) recently grown in many areas across Curup Regency, Bengkulu Province. Selection criteria was physical quality and morphometric characteristics of green beans, caffeine content, and cup quality. The laboratory test was conducted at the Center for Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), Jember. The results showed that the genotype of PKCJ-1 has the largest in size of bean and the lowest in caffeine content. On the other hand, PHCJ-1 and SCJ-1 genotypes are the best in terms of taste and meets of ones criteria for specialty coffee grade. Thus, these three genotypes were selected as a candidate of superior genotypes.
Kandungan Kafein dan Karakteristik Morfologi Pucuk (Pekoe) dengan 3 Daun Muda (P+3) Enam Genotipe Teh Budi Martono; Laba Udarno
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 2 (2015): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v2n2.2015.p69-76

Abstract

Caffeine plays an important role in determining a bitter flavor of tea. Different genotype and picking types cause differences in caffeine content and quality of tea. The research aimed to determine the caffeine content and morphological characteristics of shoots (peko) with 3 young leaves below (P+3) on several tea genotypes. The study was conducted at Tambi tea plantation and Laboratory of Testing, Center for Agro-based Industri (CABI), Bogor from April to June 2013. Caffeine was extracted using chloroform and measured at a wavelength of 276.5 nm. Caffeine analysis was carried out using shoots (peko) with 3 young leaves below (P + 3), which were arranged in a completely randomized design with 6 tea genotypes as treatments (Tbs 1 Tbs 2, RB 3, Kiara 8, Cin 143, and Hybrid) and replicated 4 times. Characterization on tea shoots was done by observing quantitative and qualitative characters. The results showed that genotypes had significant effect on caffeine content. RB 3 genotype had the highest caffeine content (3.58%) followed by Cin 143 genotype (3.43%). Based on caffeine content, Tbs 1 and Tbs 2 are promising genotypes with better quality than RB 3 and Cin 143. The diversity among genotypes revealed by shape, base, edges, and the tips of the leaves; the upper surface of leaves, leaf color, feathers on shoots (peko), leaf length and width characters, the ratio of the length and width of leaf, petiole length, number of leaf bones, flesh thick leaves, and shoots (peko) length. Moreover, caffeine content was negatively correlated with the ratio of the length and width of leaf.
KEKERABATAN PLASMA NUTFAH JAMBU METE BERDASARKAN MARKA RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA Enny Randriani; Dewi Listyati; Syafaruddin .
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 2 (2011): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Abstract

Cashew production in Indonesia still low (300-463 kg/ha/year) caused by genetic materials used for the cultivation were not superior variety, therefore, some effort to find superior variety with high production must be improved. To support those efforts needs wide variation of plant genetic resources. Nowdays, characteristic data of cashew germplasm in BALITTRI based on morphological characters, so needed molecular approach to get genetic characteristics, genetic relationship and specific characters such as high production marker, one of some techniques that we can use is RAPD marker. Additionally, RAPD marker is simple, efficient and accurate. The purpose of this study was to know the genetic variation and relationship among cashew germplasm based on band pattern of DNA by using RAPD technique. The experiment was conducted at Molecular Biology Laboratory of BB-Biogen, Bogor since May till November 2009. Genetic material used were MR 851, PK 36, GG1, Laode Kase, Laode Kapala, JT 27, Arsyad Labone, Wonogiri Merah, A x S, F x M, SM 9, C x M, F x A and BO2 by using 25 primers. The activity consisting germplasm collecting of cashew (14 accessions), followed laboratory activities such as: DNA extraction and purification, loading and running of PCR product, RAPD and data analysis. Results shows that 25 primers used are 16 primers shown DNA band pattern, one of them was monomorphism and one specific primer which shown DNA band pattern of cashew, i.e: BO2, SM9 and JT27. Germplasm collection of cashew has wide variation. At 70% coefficient, 14 accessions of cashew were divided to three groups where first group were content 11 individual (MR 851, PK 36, Laode Kase, GG1, Laode Kapala, A x S, F x A, C x M, Arsyad Labone, Wonogiri Merah, and F x M), while second group were content two individuals (BO2 and SM9). Moreover, in first group itself sh own wide variation among 11 accessions. 
PENENTUAN DOSIS PUPUK LADA PERDU BERDASARKAN POPULASI Yulius Ferry
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 3 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v3n3.2012.p257-262

Abstract

Pemupukan pada tanaman lada perdu sering menggunakan dosis per individu yang sama dengan populasi tanaman/ha yang berbeda. Pemupukan seharusnya akan berbeda pada batas tertentu dari populasi tanaman, akibat persaingan dalam memanfaatkan sumber daya alam. Untuk mengetahui dosis pupuk yang tepat pada beberapa populasi lada perdu telah dilakukan penelitian mulai tahun 2010 sampai 2011 di KP Cahaya Negeri Lampung Utara. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan petak terbagi, 12 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Petak pertama adalah perlakuan populasi tanaman lada/hektar yaitu 3.300, 2.500, 1.660 dan 1.250 tanaman/ha, dan anak petak adalah dosis pupuk lada perdu yaitu 300, 240, dan 180 g/tanaman/tahun NPKMg. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pada populasi tanaman lada perdu 2.500-3.300 tanaman/ha dosis pupuk yang tepat adalah 180 g/tanaman/tahun pada fase pertumbuhan vegetatif dan 240 g/tanaman/tahun pada fase generatif. Pada populasi 1.250–1.660 tanaman/ha dosis pupuk yang tepat adalah 240 g/tanaman/tahun pada fase pertumbuhan vegetatif dan 300 g/tanaman/tahun pada fase generatif.DETERMINATION OF FERTILIZER DOSE OF BUSHY PEPPER BASED ON POPULATIONABSTRACTIt is often the use of individual plant basis is preferred rather than plant population in determination of fertilizer need for crop growing. In fact, there might some extent be difference under certain circumstances. Factors like type of plants, density, canopy structure and distribution of feeder roots of plants concerned may affect the affectivity and efficiency fertilizer application. To determine the appropriate dose of fertilization on bushy pepper, a research was established at Cahaya Negeri Research Station, North Lampung from 2010 to 2011. A split plot design with 12 treatments and 3 replications was used. The treatments tested were the bushy pepper population per hectare, namely: 1) 3.300 plants/ha, J2) 2.500 plants/ha, J3) 1.660 plants/ha, and J4) 1.250 plants/ha; and doses of fertilization: P1) 300 g/plant/year NPKMg; P2) 240 g/plant/year and NPKMg: P3) 180 g/plant/year NPKMg. The results showed that on population of bushy pepper 2.500-3.300 plants/ha, appropriate rates of fertilizer application were 180 and 240 g/plant/year, for vegetative and generative growth phases, respectively. While for plant population of 1.250-1.660 plants/ha, adequate fertilization were 240 and 300 g /plant/year, for vegetative and generative growth phases, respectively.
Seleksi dan Identifikasi Jamur Antagonis Sebagai Agens Hayati Jamur Akar Putih Rigidoporus microporus pada Tanaman Karet Widi Amaria; Efi Taufiq; Rita Harni
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 1 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n1.2013.p55-64

Abstract

Jamur akar putih (Rigidoporus microporus) merupakan patogen utama pada tanaman karet yang sulit pengendaliannya karenamempunyai struktur bertahan dalam tanah (klamidospora). Pengendalian hayati dengan jamur antagonis sangat potensial digunakanuntuk mengendalikan patogen tular tanah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri danPenyegar, mulai Februari sampai Juli 2012 dengan tujuan untuk menyeleksi dan mengidentifikasi jamur antagonis yang potensialmengendalikan patogen R. microporus pada tanaman karet. Penelitian terdiri dari dua tahap, yaitu (1) pengambilan sampel padabeberapa perkebunan karet di daerah Lampung, Sumatera Selatan, Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Barat dan (2) isolasi, seleksi, karakterisasimorfologi dan identifikasi di Laboratorium Proteksi Tanaman, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar. Hasil isolasi jamurantagonis dari rizosfer dan akar tanaman karet diperoleh 209 isolat. Berdasarkan persentase daya hambat terseleksi 12 isolat antagonis,yaitu 8 isolat rizosfer (Trichoderma virens, 2 isolat Trichoderma hamatum, 2 isolat Trichoderma amazonicum, Penicillium pinophilum,Paecilomyces lilacinus, dan Aspergillus fijiensis), dan 4 isolat endofit (Eupenicillium javanicum, Penicillium simplicissimum, Penicillium citrinum,dan Hypocrea atroviridis). Kedua belas isolat tersebut merupakan jamur antagonis potensial untuk mengendalikan penyakit JAP padakaret.Kata Kunci: Rigidoporus microporus, seleksi, identifikasi, jamur antagonisWhite root disease caused by Rigidoporus microporus is the main pathogen in rubber growing. The diseases is hard to be controlled because of itschlamydospore in soil. The use of antagonistic fungi is a potential approach being able to control the soil borne disease. A study was established atlaboratory of The Indonesian Research Institute for Industrial and Beverage Crops from February to July 2012. The objective of the study was to selectand identify some antagonistic fungi which are able to control R. microporus in rubber. The steps of study conducted were (1) collecting of soilsamples (as sources of antagonistic fungi) taken from several rubber plantations in Lampung, South Sumatra, Central Java and West Java, and (2)isolation, selection, and identification of morphological characteristics of the isolates at the Plant Protection Laboratory of The Research Institute.Results obtained 209 isolates of antagonistic fungi from rhizosphere and endophyte in rubber. There are 12-selected antagonistic isolates consisting of8 rhizosphere and 4 endophytic isolates. The rhizosphere isolates are Trichoderma virens, 2 isolates of Trichoderma hamatum, 2 isolates ofTrichoderma amazonicum, and one each of Penicillium pinophilum, Paecilomyces lilacinus, and Aspergillus fijiensis), whereas theendophytic isolates are Eupenicillium javanicum, Penicillium simplicissimum, Penicillium citrinum, and Hypocrea atroviridis of oneeach. The twelve isolates are antagonistic fungi in which the white root disease may be likely controlled.
PEMANFAATAN CASHEW NUT SHELL LIQUID SEBAGAI SUMBER FENOL ALAMI PADA INDUSTRI Juniaty Towaha; Nur Rofiq Ahmadi
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 2 (2011): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

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Abstract

Use of cashew nut shell liquid as sources of phenol in industries. Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) is a dark brown viscous liquidextracted from cashew nut shell. The main components of CNSL that is anacardic acid, cardanol and kardol which is a natural phenol compounds.Cardanol compounds have chemical structures similar to phenols synthetic, so the opportunity to substitute or replace the synthetic phenoliccompounds from petroleum derivatives, whose the sources are running low. CNSL compound and its components anacardic acid, cardanol and kardol,and derivatives products have benefits that vary in different industries, as well as substitution of synthetic phenol as a so urce of phenolic compounds,such as the pharmaceutical industry, insecticides, adhesives, varnishes and paints, brake and clutch linings, laminating resin, epoxy resin, castingmetal, cement, surfaktants, rubber formulations and various chemical industries. Until now, Indonesia's cashew nut shell not fully utilized, most stillis a waste, so the production of CNSL in Indonesia is still very low. The potential for production of CNSL in Indonesia is actually quite large,therefore, given the various benefits of CNSL and its derivatives in various industries, as well as its superiority in the composition of the molecularstructure and advantages as an environmentally friendly renewable material, then it's time CNSL potential contained in the ca shew nut shell can toproductivity and well developed.
Karakteristik Biodiesel Kemiri Sunan [Reutealis trisperma ( Blanco ) Airy Shaw] Menggunakan Proses Transesterifikasi Dua Tahap Asif Aunillah; Dibyo Pranowo
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 3 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v3n3.2012.p193-200

Abstract

Biodiesel merupakan alternatif terbaik pengganti bahan bakar diesel yang bersumber dari fosil. Selain dapat digunakan secara langsung pada mesin tanpa modifikasi, biodiesel juga ramah lingkungan. Pengembangan biodiesel kedepan lebih diarahkan ke bahan nonpangan. Salah satu bahan nonpangan yang berpotensi sebagai bahan biodiesel adalah kemiri sunan [Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw]. Proses produksi biodiesel minyak kemiri sunan saat ini masih menghasilkan biodiesel yang belum memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Lembaga Minyak dan Gas serta di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar bulan November 2011, bertujuan mengevaluasi karakteristik biodiesel kemiri sunan dan membandingkannya dengan SNI (SNI-04-7182-2006) dan standar USA (ASTM D6751). Metode pembuatan biodiesel menggunakan proses transesterifikasi dua tahap. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa rendemen biodiesel kemiri sunan mencapai 88% dari volume minyak. Dari 18 kriteria yang diamati, hanya residu karbon yang belum memenui kriteria SNI. Sedangkan untuk standar USA, yang belum memenuhi kriteria adalah residu karbon dan titik nyala.  The Characteristic Of The Philippine Tung [Reutealis Trisperma(Blanco) Airy Shaw] Biodiesel Processed Through Two Step Transesterification ProcessABSTRACT Biodiesel is likely to be the best alternative to replace diesel derived fuel from fossil. It may be used directly onto machines without any necessary modification and be environmental friendly. Biodiesel development in the future will focus on non-edible vegetable oils of many potential sources. Philippine tung [Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw] might be considered. However, biodiesel production at present has not been standarized by  Indonesian National Standard (SNI). A study was conducted at the Research and Development Center for Oil and Gas Technology and Indonesian Research Institute for Industrial and Beverages Crops on November 2011. The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of Philippine Tung biodiesel and compared with SNI (SNI-04-7182-2006) and USA standart (ASTM D6751). The method used was a two-stage transesterification process. The result showed that the ratio of biodiesel to total oil volume (v/v) was 88%. From 18 parameters on SNI based there was only carbon residue which is not meet SNI. While based on US standard, flash point and carbon residue didn’t meet with the criteria.
Analisis Pendapatan Petani Karet pada Sistem Peremajaan Bertahap Dewi Listyati; Yulius Ferry
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 1, No 3 (2014): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v1n3.2014.p157-166

Abstract

peremajaan di perkebunan rakyat adalah terbatasnya modal petani dan kekhawatiran petani kehilangan pendapatan selama peremajaan. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan sistem peremajaan yang lebih murah dan efisien, serta menjamin kesinambungan pendapatan petani. Penelitian dilaksanakan Januari 2012 – Juni 2014 di Kecamatan Way Tuba, Kabupaten Way Kanan, Lampung. Penelitian dirancang menggunakan 8 sistem peremajaan, yaitu (1) 30%-30%-40% + jagung, (2) 30%-30%-40% + kacang tanah, (3) 50%-50% + jagung, (4) 50%-50% + kacang tanah, (5) 70%-30% + jagung, (6) 70%-30% + kacang tanah, (7) 100% + jagung, (8) 100% + kacang tanah. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi penerimaan dari hasil penjualan lump tanaman karet tua, penjualan kayu tanaman karet yang ditebang, penjualan produksi tanaman sela selama dua kali musim tanam/tahun, biaya usaha tani dan pendapatan petani. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan model peremajaan tebang 100% memberikan pendapatan yang terbesar pada umur karet TBM, namun memerlukan biaya tunai yang juga lebih besar. Jumlah pendapatan atas biaya tunai selama 3 tahun dari model peremajaan 100% antara Rp46.412.000,00 (R/C=3,83)–Rp55.080.000,00 (R/C=3,83). Berdasarkan nilai R/C yang diperoleh maka alternatif model peremajaan dipilih model peremajaan 70%-30% atau 50%-50%. Jumlah pendapatan biaya tunai yang diperoleh dari model peremajaan 70%-30% sebesar Rp45.035.000,00 (R/C=4,88)–Rp52.144.000,00 (R/C=4,87), sedangkan model peremajaan 50%-50%, sebesar Rp44.213.000,00 (R/C=5,07)–Rp50.944.000,00 (R/C=4,90). Pada peremajaan karet rakyat, peran tenaga kerja dalam keluarga sangat penting, selain mempercepat pekerjaan juga lebih hemat.

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