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INDONESIA
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 23561297     EISSN : 25287222     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar (JTIDP) published by Indonesian Center for Estate Crops Research and Development is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that publishes significant and important research from area of agricultural science on industrial and beverage crops.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 407 Documents
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Kesesuaian Batang Bawah dan Batang Atas pada Grafting Jambu Mete Handi Supriadi; Nana Heryana
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v3n2.2012.p117-124

Abstract

Produktivitas jambu mete Indonesia sampai saat ini masih tergolong rendah, penyebabnya antara lain: penggunaan bahan tanaman asalan, perbanyakan bahan tanaman yang masih menggunakan biji, dan belum diterapkannya teknologi budidaya anjuran. Usaha untuk meningkatkan produktivitas jambu mete salah satunya dapat dilakukan melalui perbaikan teknik kultivasi yaitu penggunaan bahan tanaman yang dikembangkan secara grafting dengan menggunakan batang atas dari varietas unggul dan batang bawah lokal terpilih. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengevaluasi tampilan pertumbuhan empat kombinasi grafting jambu mete dengan batang atas asal varietas unggul  dan batang bawah lokal terpilih di lapangan. Penelitian di lakukan di kebun percobaan (KP) Cikampek dari Januari 2009 sampai Desember 2011 dalam dua tahap. Tahap pertama (tahun 2009-2010) dilakukan di tingkat pembibitan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dan tiga ulangan. Perlakukan yang diuji yaitu: S1 (Tanjung Bunga + Meteor JK), S2 (Tanjung Bunga + B O2),  S3 (Tanjung Bunga + SM 9),  S4 (Tiwatobi + Meteor JK), S5 (Tiwatobi + B O2), S6 (Tiwatobi + SM 9), S7 (Ende + Meteor JK), S8 (Ende + B O2) dan S9 (Ende + SM 9).  Penelitian tahap kedua (tahun 2010 – 2011) dilakukan di lapangan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dan enam ulangan. Perlakuan yang di uji adalah  empat kombinasi grafting jambu mete yaitu: G1 (Tanjung Bunga + Meteor JK), G2 (Tanjung Bunga + B 02), G3 (Tiwatobi + Meteor JK), dan G4 (Ende + B 02).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pembibitan kombinasi grafting S1 mempunyai persentase keberhasilan yang nyata lebih tinggi dibandingkan kombinasi S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7 dan S9, kecuali dengan kombinasi S8  tidak berbeda nyata. Pada tingkat lapang kombinasi grafting G1 sampai umur enam bulan di lapang menunjukkan pertumbuhan terbaik yang nyata lebih baik  dibandingkan kombinasi grafting  G2, G3, dan G4.  Koefisien korelasi antara komponen pertumbuhan (tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, lebar tajuk, jumlah cabang dan jumlah daun) pada grafting jambu mete mempunyai nilai nyata positif. Suitability of Rootstocks and Scions in Cashew Grafting ABSTRACT Indonesian cashew productivity is still relatively low mainly due to the use of imferior planting materials developed from seeds, and improper cultural practices applied by farmers. An effort to increase the productivity of cashew is the use of grafted seedlings developed from combination of scions of high yielding varieties and locally selected cashew accessions as rootstock. The objective of this study was to evaluate growth performance of grafted cashew developed from combination of scions of two high yielding varieties and three locally elected accessions. The study was conducted at Cikampek Research Station from January 2009 to December 2011, in two sequent phases. The first phase  (years 2009 to 2010) was conducted at the nursery level by using a randomized block design with three replications. Treatments tested were: S1 (Tanjung Bunga + Meteor JK), S2 (Tanjung Bunga + B O2), S3 (Tanjung Bunga + SM 9),  S4 (Tiwatobi + Meteor JK), S5 (Tiwatobi + B O2),  S6 (Tiwatobi + SM 9),  S7 (Ende + Meteor JK),  S8 (Ende + B O2) and S9 (Ende + SM 9). The second phase was carried out in years 2010 to 2011 at the field level.  A randomized block design with six replications was used.  The treatments tested were four combination of grafted cashew, namely: G1 (Tanjung Bunga + Meteor JK), G2 (Tanjung Bunga + B 02), G3 (Tiwatobi + Meteor JK), dan  G4 (Ende + B 02). Results showed  at the nursery level, the combination of  S1 had the highest rate of success being significantly higher than those of S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7 and S9, but  not for S8. At the field level, the combination G1 accessions yielded the best one. It was much better than those of G2, G3, and G4. Correlation coefficient between the components of growth (plant height, stem diameter, crown width, number of branches and number of leaves) on the grafting of cashew  has a positive value significantly.
Genetic Variability of 15 Robusta Coffee Genotypes Selected by Farmer Based on SSRs Markers Syafaruddin Syafaruddin; Enny Randriani; Dani Dani; Indah Sulistyorini; M. B. Pabendon
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 1, No 2 (2014): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v1n2.2014.p87-94

Abstract

Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) has been grown widely in Indonesia, especially in Bengkulu Province. For the last few decades, some farmers have been selected and developed several Robusta clones through plagiotropic shoot grafting technique to replace earlier coffee populations which were derived from seed. Hence, it would reduce the genetic diversity of Robusta coffee at farmer’s field. To understand the genetic variability among 15 Robusta coffee genotypes selected by farmer, it is important to perform molecular analysis. Leaf samples of 15 Robusta coffee genotypes selected by farmer were collected from smallholder Robusta coffee plantations in Bengkulu Province. Genetic diversity analysis was conducted in the Germplasm, Breeding, and Biotechnology Laboratory of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI), and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Indonesian Cereals Research Institute (ICERI). DNA samples were amplified using 34 SSRs markers. The result showed that 23 out of 34 SSRs markers had high polymorphism levels. Allele number per locus ranged from 2-8 with an average of 4 alleles per locus. Dendrogram analysis based on genetic similarity was obtained with score of about 0,44-0,79, and r score = 0,92 (good fit). Based on cluster analysis as well as PCoA analysis, there are three distinct groups of genotypes. Those three groups can be distinguished by specific character of leaf morphotype. Nevertheless, the majority of genotypes were clustered together into the single group. This indicates narrow genetic diversity among Robusta genotypes that selected by farmer.Kopi Robusta telah dikembangkan secara luas di Indonesia, khususnya di Provinsi Bengkulu. Beberapa dekade terakhir sebagian petani telah menyeleksi dan mengembangkan beberapa genotipe dengan teknik sambung tunas plagiotrop untuk merehabilitasi populasi kopi Robusta asal biji. Oleh sebab itu, terdapat peluang terjadinya penurunan keragaman genetik kopi Robusta di lahan petani. Analisis molekuler perlu dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi keragaman genetik antar 15 genotipe kopi Robusta hasil seleksi petani. Kegiatan analisis keragaman genetik dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Plasma Nutfah, Pemuliaan, dan Bioteknologi, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar (Balittri), Sukabumi dan Laboratorium Biologi Molekuler, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia (Balitsereal), Maros. DNA diamplifikasi dengan menggunakan 34 marka SSR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 23 dari 34 marka SSR yang digunakan mampu menghasilkan tingkat polimorfisme yang tinggi. Jumlah alel berada pada kisaran 2-8 alel per lokus dengan rata-rata 4 alel per lokus SSR. Analisis dendrogram berdasarkan kemiripan genetik diperoleh dengan skor sekitar 0,44-0,79 dan skor r = 0,92 (good fit). Berdasarkan hasil analisis gerombol dan analisis komponen utama diketahui bahwa terdapat tiga kelompok genotipe. Masing-masing kelompok dapat dibedakan berdasarkan karakter morfotipe daun. Meskipun demikian, sebagian besar genotipe diklasifikasikan ke dalam satu kelompok. Ini menandakan bahwa keragaman genetik klon-klon kopi Robusta hasil seleksi petani cenderung rendah.Keywords: Coffea canephora, klon plagiotropik, kehilangan genetik
RANTAI NILAI KOPI INDONESIA PADA GREEN ECONOMY Jeff Neilson
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 3 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n3.2013.p183-198

Abstract

The global value chain for Indonesian coffee is currently undergoing significant structural changes, which offer both opportunities and policy challenges for the Government of Indonesia in its attempt to develop a national green economy. These changes include: the declining importance of coffee farming as a reliable livelihood strategy for many rural households; growth of the domestic coffee processing sector; and the increasing influence of coffee trading companies in coffee farm systems associated with the expansion of global sustainability initiatives. This paper argues that a global value chain analytical approach could be applied by the Government of Indonesia in its attempts to integrate coffee sector development within its broader initiatives to promote a national green economy.Pada saat ini, rantai nilai global kopi Indonesia sedang mengalami perubahan struktural yang signifikan. Perubahan tersebut menawarkan peluang dan tantangan kebijakan bagi pemerintah Indonesia dalam upaya mengembangkan green economy nasional terkait dengan menurunnya peran usahatani kopi sebagai strategi mata pencaharian yang dapat diandalkan bagi banyak rumah tangga pedesaan, pertumbuhan sektor pengolahan kopi dalam negeri, dan meningkatnya pengaruh perusahaan perdagangan kopi pada sistem usahatani kopi terkait dengan keberlanjutan perluasan prakarsa global. Makalah ini berpendapat bahwa pendekatan analisis rantai nilai global dapat diterapkan oleh pemerintah Indonesia dalam upaya untuk mengintegrasikan pembangunan sektor kopi terkait prakarsa yang lebih luas untuk mempromosikan green economy nasional.Kata kunci: Kopi, green economy, rantai nilai global, Indonesia
Identifikasi Faktor Penentu dalam Peningkatan Adopsi Benih Unggul Kakao oleh Petani Dewi Listyati; Bedy Sudjarmoko; Abdul Muis Hasibuan
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 3 (2015): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v2n3.2015.p123-132

Abstract

The productivity of smallholder cacao farmers is low due to the old plants and low adoption of superior seeds. The low adoption of superior seeds may be caused by multiple factors that are inter-related. This study aimed to assess factors that influenced farmers in the adoption of superior cacao seeds.  The study is important in formulating a strategy that would increase the adoption of cacao seeds by farmers. The research was conducted in two regenciess  of the cacao centre productions in Lampung Province (i.e. Pesawaran and North Lampung), from May to August 2012. The survey was conducted through a direct interview with 103 farmers in the study locations. Data on the respondences’s characteristics were analyzed descriptively.   Factors that may affect the adoption was analysed using a structural equation model (SEM). The results showed there were three most determining factors in the adoption of superior cocoa seeds, such as farmer’s preference, seed availability and external factors. Price of seeds was not an important factor in adoption of seeds. Hence, productivity, resistant to pests and diseases, productive age, fertilizer efficiency, ease of plant management, seed quality, seed vigor, availability/ease to access and dissemination method have important role to adoption process. The study implies that the strategy to increase seed adoption is providing superior cocoa seeds based on the farmers’ preference and establishing  the seed productions’s regions in the cocoa center production areas to ease of their accessibilities. In addition, the dissemination of information on the seeds superior characters should be promoted.
Status Hara Tanaman Lada Bangka Belitung Usman Daras; Bambang Eka Tjahjana; Herwan Herwan
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 1 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v3n1.2012.p23-32

Abstract

Ada indikasi rendahnya produktivitas lada di Bangka Belitung (Babel) disebabkan karena petani tidak mampu merawat tanaman secara baik. Dalam merawat tanaman, petani juga melakukan pemupukan meskipun dosis yang diberikan mungkin lebih rendah dari yang dibutuhkan, bahkan unsur pupuk tertentu lain belum pernah diberikan sama sekali. Indikasi ke arah itu diperlihatkan oleh sering dijumpainya tanaman lada yang memperlihatkan gejala defisiensi hara. Untuk itu dilakukan penelitian dalam bentuk survei tanaman lada petani di Kabupaten Bangka, Bangka Tengah dan Bangka Selatan. Setiap kebun lada contoh terpilih, diamati kondisi umum pertumbuhan dan perkiraan tingkat produktivitasnya dengan mewancarai sejumlah petani lada, serta diambil beberapa contoh daun lada dan tanahnya secara komposit untuk dianalisis kandungan haranya di laboratorium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kondisi kebun lada petani memperlihatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil lada yang beragam. Kandungan hara N daun sebagian besar masuk kategori sedang (1,65-2,79% N), bahkan tinggi (> 2,79% N). Hara P pada kisaran 0,10–0,18%, sehingga masuk kategori cukup, meskipun sebagian besar nilainya mendekati batas bawah (0,10% P). Sebagian besar kebun lada (68%) memiliki kandungan K daun rendah (< 1,78% K), bahkan mendekati batas bawah (kritis), 0,33% K. Kandungan Ca pada kisaran 0,33-0,54% (rendah), jauh dari kandungan optimal 1,42-3,33% Ca. Sedangkan status Mg bervariasi dari 0,10% (terendah) sampai 0,46% (tertinggi). Pada kebun-kebun lada dengan kandungan Mg daun berkisar 0,10-0,28% memperlihatkan gejala defisiensi. Nutrient status of black pepper grown in Bangka BelitungABTRACT There are greatly various growth performances of black pepper grown in Bangka Belitung. Among them may be classified into the worse ones or low in achieving of yields due to unability of farmers in maintenance of the crops adequately. To increase yields of the crop, they use fertilizers eventhough the kind and amount of nutrients added may be unappropriate manner or never at all. Nutrient disorders in plant may appear in many ways such as reduced growth, off-colored leaves, abnormally shaped leaves and stems and and a breakdown of certain parts of the plant.  If deficiency of a certain nurient becomes more severe, visual symptoms may spread over the whole plant leaves, may become more chlorotic or bleached in appearance, and death of plant parts. A field survey was carried out on black peppers grown at Bangka, particularly districts of Bangka, Central Bangka and South Bangka in 2010. Parameters observed were quality of growth, productivity, cultural practices applied, and nutrient content of sampled leaves and soils on which the crops are planted. Lacking of a nutrient supply is some extent easely to be identified from specific symptoms of growth, but some others not or hard because it might be not single factor. Leaf and soil analysis are therefore needed to confirm nutrient status to support the growth. Results show that there were strong evident that status of macro nutrients like N and P are likely not to be serious constraints in growing of the crop. On the other hands, those of K, Ca and Mg are under suboptimal conditions of black pepper. Content of K leave ranged of 0.51 to 1.99% being mostly less than those of the need for optimal growth of black pepper 1.78-2.84% K. The others like Ca and Mg in leaves are also low ranging of 0.33 to 0.54% (low), and 0.10% (deficient) to 0.46% (optimum), respectively. Of the leaves having Mg content ranging from 0.10 to 0.28% reveal chlorotic, a type of deficiency symptom characterized by yellowing localized over individual leaves or isolated between some leaf veins (interveinal chlorosis).
Aktivitas Insektisida Ekstrak Piperaceae terhadap Helopeltis antonii pada Kakao Gusti Indriati; Samsudin Samsudin
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 1, No 1 (2014): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v1n1.2014.p7-14

Abstract

Helopeltis antonii merupakan hama pucuk dan buah kakao. Pengendalian menggunakan insektisida kimia cukup efektif untuk mengendalikan hama ini, akan tetapi dapat menimbulkan efek negatif pada lingkungan. Oleh sebab itu, pengendalian menggunakan insektisida yang berasal dari tumbuhan dapat menjadi alternatif yang lebih aman. Penelitian bertujuan mengevaluasi aktivitas insektisida dari ekstrak empat jenis tumbuhan dari famili Piperaceae, yaitu Piper aduncum, P. retrofractum, P. cubeba, dan P. sarmentosum, terhadap H. antonii pada kakao. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Proteksi Tanaman Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar (Balittri) Sukabumi pada bulan Januari sampai November 2013. Setiap jenis ekstrak diuji pada taraf konsentrasi 1%; 0,5%; 0,25%; 0,125%; 0,062%; dan kontrol (campuran aseton, methanol, dan Tween-80 dengan perbandingan 5:5:2) sebanyak 1,2%. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Uji toksisitas menggunakan imago H. antonii dengan metode penyemprotan serangga uji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etil asetat buah P. retrofractum pada konsentrasi 0,25% menyebabkan kematian imago sebesar 83,33% pada 120 jam setelah perlakuan (JSP), sedangkan ekstrak etil asetat P. aduncum, P. cubeba, dan P. sarmentosum pada konsentrasi dan waktu yang sama hanya menyebabkan kematian berturut-turut 33,33%; 20%; dan 13,33%. Aktivitas insektisida dari ekstrak etil asetat buah P. retrofractum paling kuat terhadap imago H. antonii karena mengandung senyawa piperin, yaitu 1-[(2E,4E)-5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2,4-pentadienoyl] piperidine; (E,E) 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl-piperidine; dan 3-benzodioxol-5-yl-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl-piperine. LC95 ekstrak etil asetat buah P. retrofractum terhadap imago H. antonii dibawah 0,5% sehingga paling berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi insektisida nabati pengendali hama tersebut pada kakao.Kata Kunci: Helopeltis antonii, Piperaceae, aktifitas insektisida, kakaoHelopeltis antonii is one of cocoa pest that attacks the shoot and pods. The insecticides can control this pest effectivelly, but could cause negative effects on the environment. Therefore, botanical insecticide could be a safer alternative for environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal activity of Piperaceae extracts: Piper aduncum, P. retrofractum, P. cubeba, and P. sarmentosum against H. antonii on cocoa. The experiment was conducted at the Plant Protection Laboratory of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI) Sukabumi, from January to November 2013. Those extracts were tested at 1%; 0.5%; 0.25%; 0.125%; 0.062% concentration level, respectively; and control (a mixture of acetone, methanol and Tween-80 with a ratio of 5:5:2) at 1.2% concentration level. All of treatments were repeated 3 times. The toxicity assessment was use of spraying method onto imago of H.antonii. The results showed that the ethyl acetate extract of P. retrofractum at 0.25% concentration caused 83.33% mortality of H. antonii imago at 120 hours after treatment (HAT), while the ethyl acetate extract of P. aduncum, P. cubeba, and P. Sarmentosum at the same time and concentration only leads to 33.33%; 20%; and 13.33% mortality, respectively. The insecticidal activity of P. retrofractum ethyl acetate extract was strongest against the imago of H. antonii because it contains piperine: 1-[(2E, 4E)-5 (1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2,4-pentadienoyl] piperidine; (E,E) 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl-piperidine; and 3-benzodioxol-5-yl-1-oxo-2,4-pentadienyl-piperine. LC95 of P. retrofractum ethyl acetate extract against imago of H. antonii was below 0.5%, so it become the most potential to develop into botanical insecticide.
Karakterisasi Proses Vulkanisasi Minyak Jarak Kastor dan Evaluasi Mutu Hasil Faktis Cokelat Santi Puspitasari; Adi Cifriadi
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 2 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n2.2013.p99-108

Abstract

Faktis cokelat yang berfungsi sebagai bahan bantu olah kompon karet disintesis melalui reaksi vulkanisasi minyak nabati pada suhu tinggi. Kebutuhan faktis cokelat untuk industri barang jadi karet domestik dipenuhi dari impor. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari proses pembuatan dan evaluasi mutu faktis cokelat dari minyak jarak kastor pada skala laboratorium. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan pada periode bulan Januari hingga April 2013 di Laboratorium Pusat Penelitian Karet, Bogor. Tahapan dalam percobaan diawali dengan netralisasi minyak jarak kastor menggunakan larutan NaOH 140Be. Minyak jarak kastor ternetralisasi selanjutnya direaksikan dengan ZnO (0 dan 0,2 gram) dan sulfur (50 gram) pada berbagai suhu (150, 160, 170 oC). Faktis cokelat yang diperoleh dievaluasi mutunya meliputi visualisasi fisik, sifat kimia, derajat ikatan silang, dan FTIR. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum reaksi vulkanisasi diperoleh pada suhu 170 oC dengan dosis penambahan ZnO sebesar 0,2 gram. Pada kondisi tersebut diperoleh faktis cokelat yang memiliki spesifikasi mutu setara dengan faktis cokelat komersial mutu III.Kata Kunci: Karet, minyak jarak kastor, faktis cokelatBrown factice has a fuction as rubber processing aid. Brown factice is syhtesized by vulcanization of vegetable oil at high themperature. Imported brown factice fullfil the needs of domestic rubber goods industries. The objective of this research was to studied the syhtesis and quality characterization of brown factice from Castor oil at laboratory scale. Research has been carried out from January to April 2013 in the Laboratory of Rubber Research Center, Bogor. The study was began with neutralization of castor oil with NaOH 140Be. The neutralized castor oil was reacted with ZnO (0 and 0.2 grams) and sulphur (50 grams) at varoius themperature (150, 160, and 170 oC). The brown factice then charcterized its quality included physical quality, chemical properties, crosslink density, and FTIR. The result showed that the optimum condition of vulcanization was at 170 oC and 0.2 grams of ZnO addition. This condition produced brown factice quality which equal to commercial brown factice grade III.
PENGUJIAN VIABILITAS BENIH JAMBU METE ASAL BUAH SEMU TIDAK NORMAL Saefudin Saefudin; Bambang Eka Tjahjana
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 2, No 2 (2011): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh kerusakan buah semu jambu mete terhadap viabilitas dan pertumbuhan benih jambu mete telah dilakukan mulai bulan Januari  sampai  Desember 2009 di Kebun Percobaan Cikampek, Jawa. Bahan yang digunakan adalah benih jambu mete dari Desa Watukawula, Kecamatan Wewewa, Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya, Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Percobaan disusun dengan dua taraf perlakuan yaitu benih jambu mete yang berasal dari buah semu normal beraroma harum dan benih yang berasal dari buah semu rusak mengering. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan untuk mengetahui perkecambahan benih dan bobot serta ukuran benih sebanyak 60 butir benih setiap perlakuan, sedangkan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan bibit digunakan 30 polybag pada setiap perlakuan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji t pada taraf 5% secara  berpasangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerusakan buah semu berpengaruh terhadap bobot, tebal, dan viabilitas benih serta pertumbuhan tinggi bibit, sedangkan panjang dan lebar benih, serta diameter batang dan jumlah daun tidak berpengaruh. Bobot dan viabilitas benih jambu mete asal buah semu normal 6.7 g dan 77.7 %, sedang asal buah semu rusak 4.7 g dan  51.0 %.Viability of seeds taken from abnormal cashew applesABSTRACTViability of seeds taken from abnormal cashew apples. The experiment was carried out from January  to December 2009 to know about effect damage of cashew apple to the seed viability and growth of cashew seedling on Cikampek Experimental Station, West Java. Material was used cashew seed from Watukawula village, Wewewa Sub District, Southwest Sumba district, province of Nusa Tenggara Barat. The experiment was arranged with observation on two treatment i.e : Seed was harvested  with normal cashew apple and seed was harvested with damaged cashew apples. Number of sample was used to know the seed viability is 60 seeds for each treatment, further more to know the growth of cashew seedling was used 30 polybag per treatment. Analysis was used t-Student test with 5% level paired. Result of this experiment showed that the good seed viability was seed from normal compare with damaged cashew apples, 77.7% and 51.0% respectively. The best seed quality and viability was seed from normal cashew apples
Penggunaan Air Kelapa dan Beberapa Auksin untuk Induksi Multiplikasi Tunas dan Perakaran Lada Secara In Vitro Indah Sulistiyorini; Meynarti Sari Dewi Ibrahim; Syafaruddin Syafaruddin
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 3, No 3 (2012): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah Dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v3n3.2012.p231-238

Abstract

Peningkatan produktivitas lada perlu didukung oleh ketersediaan benih unggul. Perbanyakan lada secara in vitro dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif untuk menghasilkan benih lada dalam jumlah banyak dan waktu yang relatif singkat. Salah satu faktor yang menentukan keberhasilan kultur in vitro adalah penggunaan zat pengatur tumbuh. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar mulai bulan Maret-September 2011. Penelitian terdiri dari 2 kegiatan yaitu induksi multiplikasi tunas dan induksi perakaran. Masing-masing bertujuan untuk menganalisis penggunaan konsentrasi air kelapa terhadap multiplikasi tunas lada dan pengaruh penggunaan jenis dan konsentrasi auksin terhadap induksi perakaran lada secara in vitro. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan uji lanjut DMRT. Perlakuan induksi multiplikasi terdiri dari konsentrasi air kelapa, yaitu 10, 20, 30, 40, 50% dan sebagai pembanding adalah BA 0,3 mg/l, sedangkan induksi perakaran lada digunakan beberapa auksin, yaitu IBA, IAA dan 2,4-D dengan konsentrasi masing-masing adalah 0,1, 0,3, dan 0,5 mg/l. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan air kelapa untuk perlakuan induksi multiplikasi tunas pada semua konsentrasi lebih memacu pembentukan akar, selain itu kultur yang dihasilkan mempunyai pertumbuhan normal dan lebih vigor dibandingkan perlakuan BA 0,3 mg/l. Perlakuan BA 0,3 mg/l menghasilkan jumlah tunas dan jumlah daun lebih banyak dibandingkan perlakuan air kelapa sebesar 2,69 dan 10,73. Penggunaan IAA 0,1 mg/l untuk induksi perakaran mampu menginduksi akar sebanyak 8,26 lebih banyak dibandingkan auksin yang lain.  The Use of Coconut Water And Several Auxin for Shoot Multiplication And Rooting Induction in Black Pepper In VitroABSTRACT Increased productivity of pepper should be supported by the availability of improved seed. Propagation black pepper in vitro can be used as an alternative to produce large amounts of black pepper cuttings in a relatively short time. One of the factors that determine the success of in vitro culture is the use of plant growth regulators used. Research was conducted in the laboratory tissue culture from March to September 2011. This research consists of two activities, the induction of shoot multiplication and rooting induction. Each aims to analyze the addition of coconut water concentration on shoot multiplication black pepper and determine the effect of the addition of the type and concentration of auxin for induction in vitro rooting of black pepper. Design used were completely randomized design and use advanced testing DMRT. Treatment consisted of induction multiplication coconut water concentration, namely 10, 20, 30, 40, 50%, and as a comparison is BA 0.3 mg/l, and black pepper root induction treatment using several auxin is IBA, IAA and 2.4-D with the concentration of each was 0.1 mg/l, 0.3 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l.  The results showed the use of coconut water for shoot multiplication induction treatment at all concentrations stimulate root formation, in addition to the culture that has produced more normal growth and vigor than the treatment of BA 0.3 mg/l. Treatment BA 0.3 mg/l produce shoots leaves more than coconut water treatment at 2.69 and 10.73. The use of IAA 0.1 mg/l for induction were able to induce root 8.26 more as compared to other auxin.
Sinergisme Heterorhabditis sp. dengan Penyarungan Buah dalam Mengendalikan Penggerek Buah Kakao Conopomorpha cramerella Samsudin Samsudin; Gusti Indriati
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 4, No 1 (2013): Buletin Riset Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v4n1.2013.p19-26

Abstract

Penggerek buah kakao (PBK) Conopomorpha cramerella merupakan hama utama tanaman kakao di Indonesia. Pengendalian hama ini sulit karena larva berada di dalam buah. Pengendalian biologi dengan memanfaatkan nematoda patogen serangga Heterorhabditis sp. diharapkan mampu mengendalikan larva yang ada di dalam buah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui keefektifan Heterorhabditis sp. yang dikombinasikan dengan penyarungan buah untuk mengendalikan PBK. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Mamuju, Sulawesi Barat dari bulan April sampai November 2012. Sebelum dilakukan pengujian, tingkat serangan dan kerusakan biji akibat PBK di lokasi penelitian diamati terlebih dahulu. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK), ukuran buah muda yang diberi perlakuan dikelompokkan menjadi 2, yaitu: kelompok ukuran panjang 8-10 cm dan 11-15 cm, masing-masing perlakuan menggunakan 10 pohon yang diambil secara acak, dan dari masing-masing pohon digunakan 2 buah muda dan diulang 3 kali. Perlakuan yang diujikan adalah penyarungan dengan kantong plastik transparan ukuran 30 cm x 17 cm x 0,02 mm, Heterorhabditis sp. 500 juvenil infektif (JI/ml), kombinasi penyarungan dengan plastik dan Heterorhabditis sp. 500 JI/ml, dan kontrol. Pengamatan dilakukan pada saat panen. Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase serangan dan kerusakan biji akibat serangan PBK dan persentase buah terserang penyakit busuk buah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyarungan buah dengan plastik yang dikombinasikan dengan Heterorhabditis sp. efektif menurunkan persentase serangan dan kerusakan biji akibat PBK sampai 90%. Heterorhabditis sp. bekerja sinergis dengan penyarungan buah dalam mengendalikan PBK. Pemanfaatan Heterorhabditis sp. harus dipadukan dengan penyarungan buah, untuk menghindari meningkatnya serangan penyakit busuk buah.Kata Kunci: Conopomorpha cramerella, kakao, Heterorhabditis sp., penyarunganCocoa pod borer (CPB) Conopomorpha cramerella is one of main pests on cocoa plantations in Indonesia. Controlling of this pest is very difficult because the larvae lives inside the pods. Biological control by using entomophatogen nematode Heterorhabditis sp. is a promising method being able to control the CPB larvae which are already inside cocoa pods. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Heterorhabditis sp. combined with pod sleeving application on CPB infestation. The study was conducted in Mamuju, West Sulawesi from April to November 2012. Prior of this research revealed that infestation rate and the number of damaged cocoa beans caused by CPB in the research location were high. This research used a randomized block design (RBD). The young cocoa pods used were devided into two categories of length (8-10 cm and 11-15 cm) randomizely selected of ten plants each on which two young cocoa pods were used with three replications. The treatments tested were the use of pod sleeving with transparent plastic bag having size of 30 cm x 17 cm x 0.02 mm, Heterorhabditis sp 500 JI/ml, combined pod sleeving with Heterorhabditis sp. 500 JI/ml, and the control. Each treatment was applied to the 20 cocoa pods and replicated 3 times. The observations were made at the time of harvest. The parameters observed were the percentage of CPB infestations, the number of damaged beans caused by CPB and the percentage of cocoa pods infected by pod rot disease. The results showed that the use of pod sleeving combined with Heterorhabditis sp. effectively reduced the level of CPB infestations and the number of damaged beans caused by CPB to 90%. Heterorhabditis sp. works sinergically with pod sleeving in controlling of CPB. The application of Heterorhabditis sp. alone can increase the pod rot disease infections. Therefore, its application on the cocoa plantations should be integrated with the pod sleeving.

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