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Biotropika
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 23027282     EISSN : 25498703     DOI : 10.21776/ub.biotropika.
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology invites research articles, short communication, and reviews describing new findings/phenomena of biological sciences in tropical regions, specifically in the following subjects, but not limited to biotechnology, biodiversity, microbiology, botany, zoology, biosystematics, ecology, and environmental sciences.
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Articles 544 Documents
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Diversity of Grasshopper on Agricultural Land and Savana in Dompu Regency, Indonesia Khatimah, Ainul; Leksono, Amin Setyo; Yanuwiadi, Bagyo
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 10 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.03.06

Abstract

Grasshopper is one type of insect known as a plant pest that quite affects agricultural production. Grasshoppers also have benefits as natural predators and maintain ecological balance. One area where no research has been carried out on grasshopper diversity is Dompu Regency, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. This research was conducted at 4 locations in Dompu, including corn, ex-corn, intercropping, and Doroncanga agricultural land, by making four transects at each location. Grasshoppers were collected using the insect net, and hand collecting was carried out at 07.00 and 16.00 WITA. The environmental factors that were calculated were air temperature, light intensity, wind speed, and air humidity, while the biotic factors observed were plant vegetation at each location and predators. Data analysis was performed using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, evenness index, dominance index, and Margalef index. The results of this study indicate that Dompu Regency has the potential for diversity of grasshoppers with moderate criteria where the diversity of grasshoppers is strongly influenced by plant vegetation and human treatment on agricultural land.
Comparison of Lysis Buffers for Saliva DNA Extraction using Modified Magnetic-Silica Nanoparticle Beads Muhammad Fauzi Arif; Ahadi Damar Prasetya; Indra Lesmana; Niken Satuti Nur Handayani
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 11 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2023.011.01.01

Abstract

Our previous study revealed that modified MAGSi (magnetic-silica nanopartivel beads) had various sizes and shapes that affected the DNA extraction process. In this study, we combined our MAGSi with several kinds of lysis buffer for DNA extraction to analyze the result. Human saliva DNA was extracted using three kinds of MAGSi. Each of them was made differently. We used ATL buffer, Triton Buffer, and without buffer for cell lysis. The concentration and purity of the extracted DNA were analyzed using spectrophotometry. Extracted DNA also was used as template DNA for DNA amplification using beta globin gene. This study revealed that our MAGSi-1 provided the best result for DNA concentration and purity. This study also revealed that DNA extraction using lysis buffer produced less concentration yield and purity value but it was more consistent. The concentration and purity value were different but consistent. All the extraction can be used as DNA template for amplification of human beta globin gene. Further studies are still needed to determine the effectiveness and consistency of the lysis buffer and our MAGSi.
Protective Effect of Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorriza) Rhizome Extract on Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Mice Sperm Aris Soewondo; Yuyun Indriani Kartiko Santi; Agung Pramana Warih Marhendra; Sri Rahayu
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 11 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2023.011.01.02

Abstract

The current study aimed to analyze the protective effect of the aqueous extract of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorriza) rhizome on the sperm quality of monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced mice. This study used 30 male mice (aged 2.5-3 months old and weighing 25-30 g), which were then randomly divided into five groups: K- (healthy male mice received only aquadest), K+ (male mice exposed to 4 mg/kg BW MSG), MT1, MT2 and MT3 (MSG-induced male mice orally treated with 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/g BW temulawak (C. xanthorriza) rhizome extract for 14 days, respectively). At the end of treatment, all mice were sacrificed, and cauda epididymis was isolated. The obtained semen was analyzed for its quality, including motility, viability, concentration and spermatozoa abnormalities. MT2 group exhibited the highest sperm motility of MSG-induced mice (79.16±4.45%). The highest sperm viability was also observed in the MT2 (77.83±2.75%) followed by MT1 and MT3 groups (70.19±5.93 and 72.41±5.53%, respectively). MT2 and MT3 groups could increase (p<0.05) sperm concentration in MSG-induced mice by 14.03x106 and 14.46x106 cells/ml, respectively. While, sperm abnormalities of MSG-induced mice tend to decrease in all groups treatment by 38.10% (MT1), 36.32% (MT2) and 36.04% (MT3). In conclusion, the administration of 0.4 mg/g BW aqueous extract of C. xanthorriza rhizome could improve sperm quality by increasing the motility, viability and concentration of sperm and also altered the sperm abnormality of MSG-induced mice.
Evaluation of Natural Enemy Abundance Based on Riparian Vegetation at Rice Field in Slamet Village, East Java, Indonesia Faidatu Ummi; Catur Retnaningdyah; Bagyo Yanuwiadi
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 11 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2023.011.01.03

Abstract

Riparian vegetation habitats in irrigation canals provide various ecosystem regulatory services for human life. One of them was providing a habitat of natural enemies for agricultural pests. This research aims to evaluate the community structure of natural enemies based on the diversity index and abundance value, and riparian vegetation community in the four different categories of tertiary irrigation canals at the Slamet Village rice field. Arthropods were observed using a visual encounter survey and yellow pan trap methods for fifteen days. At the same time, riparian vegetation analysis was also applied by purposive sampling. The results showed that the first location of irrigation canals had the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index, taxa richness, evenness, and the lowest dominance value of riparian vegetation with respectively 4.97; 37 species; 0.93; and 0.02. Moreover, it was followed by high natural enemy’s taxa richness based on yellow pan trap and visual encounter survey (16 and 28 families), total abundance (554 and 4450 individuals), diversity index (1.83 and 3.67), evenness index (0.77 and 0.68), and low dominance index (0.22 and 0.21). Arthropods that act as natural enemies commonly found in this location came from the Formicidae, Coenagrionidae, and Coccinelidae families, while the most common pests found were from the Acrididae family. The opposite of that, the fourth location had a high dominance index of riparian vegetation (0.15), diversity index of pest (1.83), taxa richness of pest (10 families), and 272 individuals of pest arthropod arthropods. The highest abundance of pests in this location came from the Acrididae, Drosophilidae, Tephritidae, and Aphididae families.
In Silico Study of a-Amylase and a-Glucosidase Inhibitory Compounds in Aloe vera as Antidiabetic Agent M. Nizam Zulfi Zakaria; Ahmad Fariduddin Aththar; Syeftyan Muhammad Ali Hamami; Michelle Fai; Sri Rahayu
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 11 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2023.011.01.04

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease that poses a significant global health issue. The most commonly given drug to treat diabetes is acarbose, which works as an inhibitor of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, such as alpha amylase dan alpha glucosidase so that the blood glucose level in T2DM patients could be reduced. This study aims to analyse five bioactive aloe vera compounds as inhibitors of alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzymes. This research was conducted through in silico studies based on molecular docking using PyRx 0.8 and Biovia Discovery Studio software, cytotoxicity testing through pkCSM and feasibility of medicinal materials through ADMET analysis. The results showed that hesperidin has a binding affinity of -9.1 kcal/mol against the alpha amylase enzyme. Meanwhile, acarbose, as a control, showed a binding affinity of -8.5 kcal/mol. In addition, osajin, pomiferin, cosmosiin, and hesperidin had a binding affinity of -7.8, -8.1, -7.7, and -8.8 kcal/mol, respectively. These values were also higher than acarbose (-7.3 kcal/mol). Three compounds, namely osajin, pomiferin, and aloesin, met the drug-likeness criteria and had absorption rates in the digestive tract between 31.48-96.59%. The toxicity analysis using the AMES test revealed that all compounds, except aloesin, did not exhibit properties that could potentially cause hepatotoxicity or promote mutagenesis. These results indicate that the bioactive compounds in Aloe vera have the potential to be used as antidiabetic agents through the inhibition of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes. Further research is needed to analyze the antidiabetic properties of the compounds in Aloe vera through in vivo studies with more optimal drug delivery innovations.
Mammals and Bird Conservation Strategies Through Community-Based Wildlife Watching Ecotourism Development in Perhutani Area, Poncokusumo, Malang District, East Java Ika Yuni Agustin; Luchman Hakim; Amin Setyo Leksono
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 11 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2023.011.01.06

Abstract

Perhutani area in Poncokusumo is inhabited by endemic and protected mammals and birds. However, the data on the species are still lacking while the wildlife is threatened by forest conversion and hunting activities. The objectives included identifying mammals and birds species in the Perhutani area in Poncokusumo, describing the local people and visitor's perception of the idea of developing wildlife-watching ecotourism and developing a strategy for mammals and birds conservation through wildlife-watching ecotourism based on the local community. A field survey was done through direct observation and species recognition through morphological characteristics. Interviews were conducted in community lives in Poncokusumo village. The results showed that the Perhutani forest in Poncokusumo has 13 species of mammals and 54 species of birds and is included in the category with very good quality fauna diversity. Local people and visitors' perceptions of mammals and birds vary, but most respondents support developing wildlife-watching ecotourism. From the SWOT analysis, crucial optional strategy are includes increasing opportunities and strengths factors to minimize weaknesses. Some weakness of tourism development was found related to the threats and weaknesses, including hunting rate, habitat degradation and local community knowledge and awareness to support conservation program. This suggested that involving the local community in the tourism industry was crucial. Mammals and bird conservation through wildlife watching ecotourism based on the community in the Perhutani area of Poncokusumo is possible to be applied.
Accumulation of Microplastics in the Digestive Tract and Gonads and its Effects on Gonad Quality of Sea Urchins Tripneustes gratilla Vanela Chatrin Lekatompessy; Agung Pramana Warih Marhendra; Nia Kurniawan
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 11 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2023.011.01.07

Abstract

Marine plastic debris will move with the flow of water and float and then be fragmented into smaller particles, namely microplastics, sink, and settle on the substrate. Sea urchins, as deposit feeders, can potentially ingest microplastic particles, which can influence changes in behaviour, growth, enzyme production, reproduction, and tissue structure. This study used a purposive sampling method with descriptive analysis for data related to the recording of morphometrics and gonadal quality, followed up with the Tukey and Pearson tests. This study aims to analyze how the accumulation of microplastics in the organs (digestive tract and gonads) affects the gonadal quality of sea urchins Tripneustes gratilla. The results show that the number of microplastic particles found in fi [1ve sea urchins from each beach was 233 particles/individual in the digestive tract of sea urchins and 205 particles/individual in the gonads with the colour variants transparent, multicolour, blue, yellow, red, green, and purple. Gonadal quality assessment indicators are colour, firmness, and gonadal index. Gonads with good quality were shown by sea urchins from Laha beach (site 1) with a composition of 40% bright orange, 40% yellow/pale yellow, and 20% brown, very firm of 80% and not firm of 20%, and a gonadal index value of 7.57 %. In contrast, gonads with poor quality were shown by sea urchins from Erie beach (site 4) with a composition of 80% brown and 20% grey, a very firm of 60% and firm of 40%, and a gonadal index value of 3.08%. This different quality is thought to be the result of microplastic accumulation in the sea urchin organs, which causes the satiated delusion. This study shows that sea urchins in the waters of Outer Ambon Bay have been affected by the dangers of microplastics by decreasing the quality of the gonads produced. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the waste problem in the waters of Ambon Bay and to cultivate long-term sea urchins.
Effect of Light Spectrum LED Lettuce on IoT-Based Indoor Farming Moh. Haris Imron S Jaya; Septafiansyah Dwi Putra; Imam Sofi'i
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 11 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2023.011.01.05

Abstract

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is an economically important crop worldwide and one of the most popular species grown in indoor farming. Lettuce's fast growth and cycle make a model plant to study the interaction between plants and light. Light's influence is one of the fundamental environmental factors for plant growth and development. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have higher light efficiency and wear efficacy, leading to a reduction in associated heating compared to other artificial lighting sources, such as fluorescent lamps or sodium vapor lamps. This research aimed to determine the morphological response of lettuce by giving an LED light spectrum with a single colour spectrum and IOT-based temperature and humidity monitoring.  This research used a students’ t-test with a level of 5% on the mean value of the white light spectrum with a yellow light on lettuce plants. Adding LED light spectrum produces a different response to the morphological parameters. LED spectrum affected the plant height variable, where the provision of a yellow LED light spectrum increased the plant height of lettuce.
Abundance and Potential of Asteroidea as Bioindicator of Lead (Pb) in the Coastal Zone at Bangkalan Regency, Madura Kurniawati, Yusfita; Maramis, Arnetta Yolanda; Mudloifah, Istatik; Rahayu, Dwi Anggorowati
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2023.011.02.04

Abstract

Asteroidea is a marine invertebrate that has a role as a bioindicator, but the research related to the abundance and potential of Asteroidea as a bioindicator of lead on Madura Island is not to be done. This study aimed to analyse the effect of Pb concentration on Asteroidea population density in Bangkalan Regency. For collecting data, the transect plotting method with a plot measuring 1x1 m2 with 30 plots in the intertidal zone. Seawater sampling was divided into three stations, such as station I-0 meters (edge), station II-50 meters (middle) and station III-100 meters (deep zone), then the seawater samples were tested for lead Pb levels using the AAS method (atomic absorption spectrophotometer). Data analysis was carried out with quantitative descriptive with Asteroidea composition including diversity index, relative density and dominance index as parameters. The results obtained were sea star species, Cryptasterina sp. and Aquilonastra coronata, with a diversity index value of 0, a relative density of 100% and a dominance index of 1. The results for Pb concentration on Tengket Beach at a depth of 0 meters, 50 meters and 100 are 0.072 ppm; 0.16 ppm; 0.61 ppm and Pantai Modung at 0.5 ppm; 0.83 ppm; 0.82 ppm. Based on the analysis of the abundance of Asteroidea, the higher the concentration of Pb contained in the waters, the lower the density of Asteroidea. It was concluded that there was no relationship between Pb concentrations in seawater and sea star population density, found a high lead metal yield on the diversity and abundance of sea stars.
The Effect of a Combination of Marsilea crenata and Moringa oleifera Leaves Ethanol Extract on Follicles and Oocytes Diameter of Goat: In Vitro Study Putranto, Septiawan; Widhaningrum, Siska Nanda; Rahayu, Sri; Ciptadi, Gatot
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2023.011.02.05

Abstract

Marsilea crenata and Moringa oleifera are herbal plants widely used in various alternative medicines due to their antioxidants and estrogenic activity. The current study investigated the effect of a combination M. crenata and M. oleifera leaves ethanol extract on the growth of follicles and oocytes of goats in vitro. Twenty-four antral follicles of Ettawa Crossbred Goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) were randomly grouped into four groups: K (control, without extract treatment), D1 (21.6 microgram/mL of M. crenata ethanol extract), D2 (21.6 microgram/mL of M. oleifera leaves ethanol extract), and D3 (combination of M. crenata and M. oleifera leaves ethanol extract at the dose of 21.6 microgram/mL). The follicle diameter was measured on days 0, 3, and 6 of culture, while the oocyte diameter was only examined on day 6. After being treated with the combination of M. crenata and M. oleifera leaves ethanol extract (D3), the diameter of the ovarian follicles increased significantly (p<0.05) from day-0 to day-6. D3 group also greatly enhanced estrogen levels in the follicular fluid of goats compared to a single extract. However, the diameter of the oocyte was not significantly increased after being treated with a single or combination of both extracts. Therefore, this study suggested that combination of M. crenata and M. oleifera leaves ethanol extract can be used as phytoestrogen to enhance follicular growth and estrogen levels.

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