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Dinia R Dwijayanti,
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Biotropika
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 23027282     EISSN : 25498703     DOI : 10.21776/ub.biotropika.
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology invites research articles, short communication, and reviews describing new findings/phenomena of biological sciences in tropical regions, specifically in the following subjects, but not limited to biotechnology, biodiversity, microbiology, botany, zoology, biosystematics, ecology, and environmental sciences.
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Articles 544 Documents
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Antibacterial Activity of Pluchea indica Leaf Extract was Increased After Being Fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Added with its Cell-Free Supernatant Rismawati, Ria; Jatmiko, Yoga Dwi; Widyarti, Sri
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 10 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.02.04

Abstract

Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) is a global health problem that endangers public health and can lead to death. Therefore, novel antibacterial agents are required derived from medicinal plants, one of them is beluntas (Pluchea indica) which has high potential as an antibacterial. Fermentation or addition of cell-free supernatant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is thought to increase the antibacterial content of an herb. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fermentation and the addition of Cell-Free Supernatant (CFS) of S. cerevisiae to enhance antibacterial activity of P. indica leaf extract. Fresh and dried leaves of beluntas were used in this study. The dried leaves in the form of powder was boiled at 100oC for 45 minutes. Fresh leaves were homogenized by blending. The extract of P. indica was used for fermentation and addition of CFS of S. cerevisiae. CFS as much as 60 mL dan fermentation with cell density of 7.53x105 CFU/mL with 100 mL of P. indica leaf extract were centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 20 minutes. The antibacterial test method used was the Kirby-Bauer method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed an increase in antibacterial activity as indicated by the increasing diameter of the inhibition zone either by fermentation or addition of CFS with inhibition zone diameter was 3.85 – 4.81 mm against E. coli and 4.63 – 5.12 mm against S. aureus. The fermented P. indica and addition of CFS was shown to be potentially developed as antibacterial agents. Keywords: Antibacterial, CFS, fermentation, Pluchea indica, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Waste Reduction Performance by Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Bsfl) on Domestic Waste and Solid Decanter Rohmanna, Novianti Adi; Maharani, Dessy Maulidya
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 10 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.02.08

Abstract

Organic waste was the potential to contaminate the environment. Hermetia illucens or BSFL were the insects that could decompose waste and produce larvae biomass. It had high efficiency for waste reduction. The kind of substrate could affect the waste reduction performance of BSFL. This study determined the effect of the kind of waste on the effectiveness of reducing waste by Hermetia illucens. The larvae were reared on domestic waste and solid decanter. Each treatment (three replicates per treatment) contained 300 larvae seven days old with a daily food rate of 125 mg/larva/day. After instar fourth and fifth old, the larva was harvested using sterile forceps. The ratio of waste reduction (%WR), Efficiency of conversion of digested feed (ECD), bioconversion rate (BCR), and biomass were calculated in the fourth and fifth instar. The results showed that larvae on domestic waste had a higher waste reduction performance than larvae on the solid decanter. The results showed that larvae could reduce domestic waste to 76.5% and 32.6% on the solid decanter. Larva on domestic wasted showed higher ECD, BCR, and biomass than larvae on the solid decanter. It showed that BSFL had higher waste reduction performance on the domestic waste than on solid decanter. Therefore the kind of waste could affect the waste reduction performance of BSF larvae.
The Antibacterial Properties of Psidium guajava Leaf Extract as a Wound Healing Agent of Laboratory Animals: a Review Carolino, Maria Victoria; Purnamasari, Listya; dela Cruz, Joseph F.
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 10 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.02.10

Abstract

The importance of Psidium guajava has long been reported in ethnomedicine. Traditional medicine is practiced all over the world and is significant most especially in indigenous groups due to the poor accessibility to conventional medicine in the area. Furthermore, this type of medical approach is costly, and antibiotic resistance has been a serious issue ever since. The scientific community, therefore, studies good alternatives such as plant-derived extracts to treat various illnesses and diseases, which are known to be less expensive in terms of preparation, have fewer side effects, and be the less potential promoters of antibiotic resistance. One of the most encountered conditions in veterinary medicine is a wound. The review collated and presented studies, research, experiments, and other published materials that proved the antibacterial properties of P. guajava leaf extract, which causes the wound healing activities of the extract. P. guajava leaf extract is an effective alternative to commercially available drugs in treating wounds of laboratory animals and could potentially be effective in the larger scope of animals in the future.
Evaluation of River Water Quality Based on Biotic Index of Benthic Macroinvertebrate as Bioindicator (Case study in Genjong River Wlingi Blitar East Java, Indonesia) Izzati, Fadhila Nuril; Retnaningdyah, Catur
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 10 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.02.05

Abstract

This research aims to determine the water quality profile of Genjong River based on physicochemical parameters of water and benthic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators. Sampling was carried out at four different location based on difference of human activity in surrounding. The sampling was done in triple repetition for each station. The activity of station 1 is ecotourism (as reference site or positive control in this study), Station 2 (livestock I), Station 3 (livestock II), and Station 4 (plantation). The water physicochemical parameters were measured including water and air temperature, water current velocity and discharge, conductivity, pH, DO, BOD, TSS, nitrate, and orthophosphate. The result from the identification and calculation of the benthic macroinvertebrates density was used to determine some diversity indices and biotic indices. The difference in the value of each water quality parameter was tested by One-way ANOVA. Based on the abiotic water quality profile, Genjong River water is included as the Class IV category based on Indonesia Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 with a BOD value of 3.61 – 7.22 mg.L-1. Human activities along the Genjong River have a great impact on decreasing water quality as indicated by increasing of nitrate levels from 0.52 ± 0.07 mg.L-1 at Station 1 up to 0.85 ± 0.07 mg.L-1 at Station 4. Also, orthophosphate levels from 0.02 ± 0.01 mg.L-1 at Station 1 to 0.18 ± 0.02 mg.L-1 at Station 4. Meanwhile, based on benthic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators, Genjong River was classified as lightly (S1, H = 1.74) to moderately polluted (S4, H = 1.24) with toxic materials and slightly contaminated with organic matter (S4 with FBI value = 5.38). The decline in water quality was also shown by the decreasing ASPT value from 4.20 at Station 1 to 3.68 at Station 4.
Antibacterial Activity Screening Of Bacterial Isolates Associated With Seaweed Eucheuma cottonii From Coastal Area In Buleleng, Bali Purnami, Pande Putu Christine Putri; Indraningrat, Anak Agung Gede; Darmayasa, Ida Bagus Gede
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 10 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.02.07

Abstract

Seaweeds like other marine organisms develop a strong association with prokaryotic communities, especially bacteria. Many of these associated bacteria play an important role in synthesizing secondary metabolites which are beneficial for their host, especially against predation or infection. In Indonesia, Eucheuma cottonii is one of the seaweed species that has been cultivated widely.  However, only limited study has been reported on bacterial isolates and their antibacterial activity from E. cottonii.  Bacterial isolates from E. cottonii were cultivated in six agar media namely Zobell Marine Agar, Nutrient Agar, Plate Count Agar, ISP-1, ISP-2, and Starch-M protein agar. Cultivation of bacterial isolates yielded 23 isolates with nine bacterial isolates were classified as Gram-positive bacteria and 14 isolates were grouped among Gram-negative bacteria. All the bacterial isolates were screened for their antibacterial activity against six bacterial indicator strains namely Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Streptococcus mutans FNCC 0405, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603 using perpendicular streak and agar block method. Six out of 23 bacterial isolates displayed antibacterial activity against at least one of the bacterial indicator strains. The bacterial isolate ISP1RL4 showed the highest antibacterial activity with average inhibition of  > 20 mm against all bacterial indicators. Overall, our result indicated the potential of bacterial isolates associated with E. cottonii as an antibacterial producer.
Inhibitory Test of Gentamicin Antibiotics Against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria Using Disc Method Husen, Fajar; Ratnaningtyas, Nuniek Ina
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 10 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.02.06

Abstract

Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are bacteria that often cause health problems and diseases in humans, such as digestive disorders (diarrhea), or skin disorders (boils). Gentamicin is one of the most widely used antibiotics from the aminoglycoside group. Gentamicin is widely used as an antibiotic for both minor infections due to bacteria or moderate infections due to fungal or viral infections. The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibition and effectiveness of gentamicin in inhibiting the growth of E. coli and S. aureus and to determine the pattern of sensitivity of these bacteria to gentamicin. This research method was a completely randomized design with one way ANOVA, and further test using Duncan's test, with a total of 10 experimental units for each bacterium with 2 replications, then the data were analyzed using SPSS v.25.0 software. The results showed that the antibiotic gentamicin could inhibit the growth of E. coli and S. aureus. Gentamicin inhibited the growth of E. coli bacteria with the smallest inhibition zone value was 17 mm, the highest was 22.5 mm, and against S. aureus the lowest was 15.5 mm and the highest was 18.5 mm with the percentage of inhibition ability (inhibition) sensitive category for E. coli was 90%, S. aureus 60%, while the intermediate category for E. coli was 10% and S. aureus was 40%.
A Comparative Study of the Secondary Metabolite from Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd. Methanolic Extract from Malang and Kediri, East Java Budiarti, Sarah Fadilah; Fatchiyah, Fatchiyah
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 10 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.02.09

Abstract

Talinum triangulare is a medicinal plant that has been used broadly by the Indonesia community because of its properties. Several studies have proven the components of secondary metabolites in T. triangulare. However, the content of secondary metabolites in each part of T. triangulare is not clearly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the types of secondary metabolites of leaf, stems, and roots of T. triangulare. The plant from Malang was chosen as the sample source because it is a highland suitable for the life of T. triangulare. The plant from Kediri was chosen as a lowland location. Samples of leaves, stems, and roots of T. triangulare were extracted by maceration method. Phytochemical analyses include phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids. The absorbance values were measured at different wavelengths. The leaf and stems of T. triangulare contain flavonoid compounds, tannins, phenolics, alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids with higher levels of secondary metabolites in the leaf. While the roots have the lowest secondary metabolite was only containing steroids. The differential levels and types of secondary metabolites samples obtained from Kediri tend to be lower than samples obtained from Malang. These results indicate that the leaf metabolite secondary of T. triangulare has high potential health benefits for regulating molecular and cellular metabolism.
Phenotypic Variation and RAPD Polymorphism of Pisang Kepok Local Cultivars (Musa acuminata x Musa balbisiana, ABB, Saba Subgroup) Wahyudi, Didik; Ilmi, Zahrobatul Lil; Hapsari, Lia
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 10 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.03.03

Abstract

Pisang Kepok is a major local banana cultivar in Indonesia with high economic, social and cultural value. Particularly on the island of Java, there are several variations of Pisang Kepok recognised with their own local names, which makes difficulties in taxonomic identification and grouping. Morphological features are used in conventional banana cultivar classification, but they are deemed less precise due to their subjectivity, thus, it is supposed to be complemented with a molecular approach. This study aims to identify the phenotypic variation of Pisang Kepok local cultivars also their genetic polymorphism using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA marker. Phenotypic variation was observed using 35 morphological characters. Six RAPD primers were used, i.e. OPA2, OPA3, OPA4, OPA11, OPA12, and OPA18. Clustering analysis, both phenotypic and genetic were performed using PAST v4.02. The morphological characterisation identified four variants of Pisang Kepok i.e. Kepok Abang, Kepok Putih, Kepok Manurun, and Kepok Australi; which all confirmed as ABB genome group. Phenotypic clustering showed that Pisang Kepok cultivars were separated into 3 clusters based on their local name, with a high similarity value of >90%. PCA biplot showed that the fruit flesh colour was the most important character contributed to the cultivar variation. RAPD marker also showed that each specimen was grouped according to its local name and source, with a similarity value of >80%. Both morphology and molecular (RAPD) markers resulted in the branching of Pisang Kepok which was closer to Pisang Klutuk than Pisang Barlin.
Genomic Profile of OsCOMT in Indonesian Purple Rice Wijayanti, Ernanin Dyah; Safitri, Anna; Siswanto, Dian; Fatchiyah, Fatchiyah
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 10 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.03.04

Abstract

The Indonesian purple rice (IPR), a crossbreeding of black and white rice, is a potential source of ferulic acid. Up to this point, the genomic similarity between the crossbreeding and its parentals has not been determined, particularly in genes involved in ferulic acid biosynthesis. In this present work, we analysed the profile of Oryza sativa caffeic acid-O-methyltransferase (OsCOMT) gene in IPR. The genomic DNA was extracted by CTAB method, then amplified with a specific primer of OsCOMT gene. The amplicon was sequenced by Sanger method and confirmed by geneID NC_029259.1. The IPR showed an amplicon of 708 bp sequence of the OsCOMT gene, indicating the gene involved in ferulic acid biosynthesis. The IPR gene profile is similar to the parentals, but there are variations in point mutations that distinguish it from the parentals. Aspartic acid was changed to Glutamine by mutations at positions 52, 69, and 79. We suggest that IPR has a novel OsCOMT gene variant that is unique as it is the crossbreed.
A Review: Evaluation of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Meal as a Dietary Protein Source in Poultry Diets Purnamasari, Listya; Lopez, Zandrelle P; dela Cruz, Joseph F.
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 10 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2022.010.03.05

Abstract

The increasing global population poses a problem in achieving food security. Poultry is one of the major animal protein sources for humans and the main difficulty of the poultry industry is seeking a suitable protein alternative to be integrated into poultry feed. Black soldier fly larvae (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) are one of the edible insects that are a great solution to this problem since they have various advantages, which include bioconversion of different organic wastes and the absence of competition for human resources. Several studies have already examined the effects of the addition of BSF larvae in the poultry diet, and most suggested that it is a promising alternative protein source that can replace soy or fish meal. The BSF larvae can also be used in different species of poultry, such as ducks, turkeys, and quails. However, there are several barriers to using BSF larvae as a feed ingredient in poultry feed, such as safety, price, and consumer acceptance. Despite these obstacles, BSF larvae production is still a promising industry due to the numerous benefits it brings.

Page 49 of 55 | Total Record : 544

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