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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

WARTAZOA
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Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

ISSN : 02166461 EISSN : 23546832 DOI : 10.14334

Core Subject : Health,

Veterinary

WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 785 Documents

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Prolactin as a Candidate Gene Controlling Molting and Egg Production of Duck Triana Susanti
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 25, No 1 (2015): MARCH 2015
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Incidence of molting is a crucial problem in the local ducks that need to be handled from many aspects including genetic aspect. Handling of molting genetically can be done quickly and accurately when the control genes have been found. The search for marker genes of molting can be conducted in poultry through broodiness naturally, because its physiological processes are related to the continuity of egg production. This paper describes the mechanism of molting, the relationship of molting with prolactin hormone and the association of prolactin gene polymorphism with molting and egg production. Molting and egg production were influenced by the prolactin hormone, that may be controlled by the prolactin gene. High concentration of prolactin hormone will inhibit the function of pituitary gland, decreasing production of gonadotrophin hormone (follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone) hence ovulation ceased. This will stop egg production and at the same time molting proccess occurred. Key words: Prolactin gene, molting, egg production, duck

Strategy and Opportunity for The Development of Duck Breeding Farm L Hardy Prasetyo
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 16, No 3 (2006): SEPTEMBER 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

The recent development of duck farming requires the availability of good quality breeding stocks commercially in order to improve productivity and efficiency . Presently, there is no commercial duck breeding farm which can produce good quality breeding stocks . This article presents information on alternatives in developing duck breeding farm, particularly for layer ducks . There are two alternative approaches in duck breeding farms : (1) Group breeding farm, which belongs to duck farmers' group, as part of a group production system, and (2) Commercial breeding farm, by an individual private company/Semi-Government Institution in a commercial scale and particularly for export market . A good breeding farm requires appropriate systems for selection and mating of the animals in order to guarantee the quality of the breeding stocks being produced . A breeding farm must be economically and technically feasible as an economic entity, so that economic analysis and marketing must be prepared seriously . Key words: Duck, model, breeding farm

Banana Plant as Ruminant Feed Elizabeth Wina
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 11, No 1 (2001)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Banana plant is a very common and very quickly multiplied plant in tropical areas such Indonesia. Its potential usage as animal or ruminant feed in Indonesia has not been deeply studied, whereas in Latin American countries, this plant has been well used as animal feed. The proximate analysis shows that the moisture content is extremely high in pseudostem, which can be a hindrance in intake. The ash content is also very high indicating a very high mineral level in pseudostem. The water fraction, contained high soluble minerals, phenolic compounds and simple sugar compounds, whereas the presence of starch in corm may be used as an energy source. Feeding banana plant usually is mixed with other feedstuff as protein or energy source, therefore banana plant is utilized as roughage substituting grasses. There is a need to look for other potential usage of banana plant, which may be as energy or mineral source or as protein protector. Key words: Banana, ruminant

Innovation in Feed Technology for Self Sufficiency in Poultry Production Budi Tangendjaja
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 1 (2007): MARCH 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Indonesia is self sufficient in poultry production to meet the local demand for broiler and egg, mainly derived from modern poultry rather than the local village chicken. Feed may contribute up to 70% of total cost of poultry production. Poultry feed is formulated using least cost feed formulation technique to meet the bird requirement and composed by several ingredients both locally available and imported materials. Feed ingredients are classified based on energy sources, protein sources, agro-industrial by products, mineral sources and supplements. In many cases the poultry feed was supplemented with additives (antibiotics, enzymes, preservatives, etc.) to improve animal performance. In 2005, Indonesian feed production reached almost 7 million tonnes and comprised around 85% as poultry feed, while the rest for aquaculture, swine and others. Poultry feed is based on corn-soy diet and average corn usage may reach more than 55% while soybean meal more than 23%. Ingredients requirement has been calculated based on the feed production and in order to fulfill the requirement. In 2006, Indonesia will import more than 1.6 million tonnes of corn from Argentina, USA and China, and more than 1.5 million tonnes of protein meal due to insufficiency of the local production. Major problems related in feed production are raw materials supply, quality and price fluctuation along with limited information. Several research have been conducted to use unconventional ingredients as protein sources such as local beans, leguminous seeds, leaf protein, animal by products but they were limited in availability. Research to improve protein level from carbohydrate source or by products had been attempted but it was not feasible for commercial feed industry. In future, technology innovation should be developed based on the existing problems related with feed industry including the areas to improve production efficiency, managing feed quality, processing technology and feed additives development. Scenario of poultry production for 2020 has been exercised and discussed in this paper. Key words: Poultry, feed, technology, innovation, feed ingredient

Ruminal Biohydrogenation Pattern of Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acid as Influenced by Dietary Tannin Anuraga Jayanegara
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 23, No 1 (2013): MARCH 2013
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Abstract Large amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids undergo transformation processes in the rumen through microbial biohydrogenation to form fatty acids with higher saturation degree. The respective process explains the high content of saturated fatty acids in products of ruminants and the potential risk of consumers’ health by consuming such products. Various nutritional approaches have been attempted to modulate biohydrogenation process in order to obtain healthier fatty acid profile from consumers’ perspective. The present paper is aimed to review the influence of dietary tannin, a naturally produced plant secondary compound, on the pattern of polyunsaturated fatty acids biohydrogenation occurring in the rumen. The effect of tannin on some key fatty acids involved in biohydrogenation process is presented together with the underlying mechanisms, particularly from up-to-date research results. Accordingly, different form of tannin as well as different level of the application are also discussed. Key words: Tannin, biohydrogenation, fatty acid, ruminant

The Prospects of Using Chilled Semen to Increase the Production of Dairy Cattle Polmer Situmorang
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 1 (2003): MARCH 2003
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Dairy cattle production in Indonesia has been rapidly developed since the importation of live cattle from Australia and New Zealand in 1970. Technology of artificial insemination (AI) play an important role to increase the production of dairy cattle by using frozen semen from both importation or produced in Centre for Artificial Incemination Lembang and Singosari. Nevertheless, frozen semen is not without problems because a more than less 30% of sperm are killed during the freezing procedure and those who survive are sensitive to enviroment and has a low fertility. Therefor the using of chilled semen will be an alternative to be considered to replace frozen semen. Chilled semen can be simply produced and not required a complex laboratory and an expensive equipment. Other advantages is the production of straw per bull and fertility was higher than those frozen semen and resulting an increased of farmer income. Case study in Pangalengan West-Java showed a lower production cost of chilled semen than those cost for purchasing frozen semen. Widely aplication of the using of chilled semen will reduce a dependency on frozen semen and importation of bull, and at the end will increase the national income. Keywords: Dairy cattle, frozen semen, chilled semen

Gumboro Disease: Etiology, Epidemiology, Pathology, Diagnosis And Disease Control Sutiastuti Wahyuwardani; D.R. Agungpriyono; L. Parede; W. Manalu
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 21, No 3 (2011): SEPTEMBER 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) or known as Gumboro, is a disease that attacks chicken older than 3 weeks, caused by famili Birnaviridae virus. Gumboro in Indonesia was firstly reported in 1983 and until now is commonly found. Very virulent IBD virus causes high morbidity and mortality that can even reach 100%. Clinical symptoms are exhibited as sluggish chicken, dropped wings and cloacal pasting. At gross examination, the bursa was found swollen, with yellowish fluid or hemorrhagic 3 days after infection. The bursa will get atrophy from 7 days post-infection. Meanwhile, the non virulent IBD virus causes subclinical symptoms. Chicken that survived, became stunted or dwarfed. On gross and histopathological findings, the bursa Fabricius has mild lesion and will recover at 14 days post-infection. Diagnosis of IBD can be determined based on pathological observation, supported by immunohistochemical examination and laboratory confirmation of disease by agar gel immunodiffusion, polymerase chain reaction techniques, antigen capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and isolation. Detection of antibodies can be made by serum neutralization technique or enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Prevention can be done by routine vaccination in the field when the maternal antibodies have declined. The review describes the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis clinical symptoms, pathological discription and control of the disease to improve the knowledge of poultry farmer or people who are interested in poultry health. Key words: Gumboro, etiology, epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis

Opportunity Integrate the Goat at Areal Plantation Base on The Pepper Crop Andi Ella; M Kadang
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 14, No 1 (2004): MARCH 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Consume the domestic flesh mount, but is not made balance with the growth rate produce. One of its low factor is growth rate produce is limitation of forage because availibility offarm which is not adequate. Goat is represent the comodity of South Sulawesi, based on : (a) market opportunity, (b) beneficial price, with it is developing be increase as well namely 46.9%/year, (c) goats population have been developed 1 .33% but not yet fulfilled the market need, and (d) support and potency of natural resources. Beside that crop of pepper prospective developed in South Sulawesi, based on: (a) market opportunity due the increase ofdemand causes the average price increased by 103.96% (1995-1999) with the production increase 10.36% and productivity by 0.42 ton.ha/year, (b) resources potention: the area (8,258 ha) does not yet executed optimally, opportunity production increase 63 .86%, the uncultivated land that potential are 150,404 ha, (c) one of superior commodity with the development centre in Sinjai, Bulukumba, and Bantaeng regency (SIKUMBANG). Growth average ofthe area width (15.61%) is bigger than it is production (11 .8%) . Integrate the goat, pepper and gliricidia in farming system broadly 8,258 ha will yield 61, 935,000 kg of forages with the carrying capacities are 8.33 goats/ha. If there are 8 goats, they will be produce 1,460 kg/year of manure for compost product. Development of integrated goat in pepper plantation will be increase the productivity of livestock and crop of pepper and gliricidia. Compost affected to improve the crop productivity. Developing the system could reduce the production cost, and it turn, the farmers income will be increase. Key words: Integration, goat, gliricidia, pepper plantation

The Use of Enrofloxacin Antibiotic as a Veterinary Drug and Its Residual Hazards on Public Health Prima Mei Widiyanti; Mirnawati Bachrum Sudarwanto; Etih Sudarnika; raphaella widiastuti
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 29, No 2 (2019): June 2019
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

The livestock sector can improve the community's economy and has a role in fulfilling food needs, especially animal protein. One of the problems in the livestock sector is the presence of infectious diseases that consequently need treatment using veterinary drugs. This paper describes the use of enrofloxacin antibiotics as veterinary drug and their residual hazards on public health. Enrofloxacin is an antibiotic from the family of fluoroquinolones (second generation of quinolone). Enrofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is effective to kill Gram positive and negative bacteria, so it was used for the treatment of various diseases in animals. Pharmacokinetically, enrofloxacin will be metabolized into ciprofloxacin and other metabolites. The improper use of enrofloxacin antibiotics caused residues in food products of animal origin, microbial resistance and toxicity, therefore the use of enrofloxacin needs to be monitored and evaluated for the sake of animal health and society.

Bovine Ephemeral Fever As A Disease Related To Climate Change Indrawati Sendow
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 23, No 2 (2013): JUNE 2013
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Bovine Ephemeral Fever (BEF) is one of arbovirus diseases infecting in ruminants especially cattle and buffaloes, which istransmitted by mosquito vectors. In general, vector borne disease is also related to climate change, that mosquito as a vector will significantly increase when the environment temperature increases. The disease was found in many countries in Asia, Africa and Australia. The clinical sign of the disease such as fever to paralysis causes economical impact to the farmer, eventhough the mortality is very low. This review will discuss the disease in relation to climate change, which affects vector population that spread the disease. The more population of vector is the higher chance of animal to be infected. This condition describes that the spread of BEF will depend on some factors included the increase of vectors, the availability of susceptible host and vector media facilities, climate condition and supportive ecology. This paper will discuss the feature of BEF, mode of transmission, the impact of environment and climate change, disease prevention and control, and other aspects to prevent further economical impact. It will also discuss how to the transmission, prevention and control of disease BEF. The information can be taken as an input for policy makers to prevent BEF infection in Indonesia.Key words: Bovine ephemeral fever, epidemiology, vector, diagnosis, climate change

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Indonesian Center for Animal Science Research and Development Jl. Raya Pajajaran Kav E-59 Bogor 16151 Bogor Indonesia

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INDONESIA