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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

WARTAZOA
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Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

ISSN : 02166461 EISSN : 23546832 DOI : 10.14334

Core Subject : Health,

Veterinary

WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 785 Documents

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Ascites in Broiler Chickens Tarmudji .
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 15, No 1 (2005): MARCH 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Ascites is a common problem among rapidly growing broiler strains of chickens . This incidence is most often associated with heart failure . This problem is started from insufficient of lung volume or lung capillary capacity for oxygen exchange in very fast growing broiler chickens . Pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) occurs due to the increased blood flow in the lung, causing a hypertrophy an the right ventricular a valvular insufficiency, an increased vena pressure and finally a ascites . Genetically, the percentage of lung volume to the body weight in broiler chickens which is too small is a predisposition factor in ascites cases . The air sac capacity which is decreasing due to the pressure form the intestine parts, the heavy breast and lives mass causes broilers are more sensitive to PHS . Some factors that contribute to PHS are management (high density, pelleted food, superior feed), environment (high altitude of location, cold, moderate, low oxygen) and physiology (increased of oxygen requirements, hyperthyroidism and respiratory disease) . The ascites mechanism could be described as a circle of events between the cardiac, pulmonary and vascular system that satisfy the metabolic requirement of the bird. Lack of one of these systems triggers the pathological cascade that results in ascites cases . Key words: Ascites, broiler chickens, pulmonary hypertension syndrome . heart failure

Optimization of Artificial Insemination Program in Buffalo Surya Natal Tambing; Mozes R Toelihere; Tuty L Yusuf
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 10, No 2 (2000)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Development of buffalo was relatively slow in the last five years (1993-1997), but the number of slaughtered animals was also increased in the same period. Factors limiting their development were extensive farming system, farming as a secondary enterprise, slow growth and low reproductive efficiency of the animals. Optimization of artificial insemination (AI) program in one of the alternative to improve buffalo productivity in Indonesia. AI is an effective tool toimprove the genetic quality and to increase the buffaloes population. Application of AI in buffalo has been conducted since 1975, but until now the results are not still significant. Within the last four years the calving average was 750 head/year, the implementation of targeted insemination doses reached less than 50%/year with S/C still above 2 and CR 38.32%. The limiting factors affecting this low performance are quality of semen, female fertility, skill of technician and zootechnical knowledge of farmers. Improvement of reproductive efficiency of buffaloes interrelated with optimization of AI program could be imposed through increasing of ability of farmers to detect oestrus, oestrus synchronization using hormones (PGF-2α and progesterone), improvement of quality of frozen semen with special attention on dilution materials used, control of equilibration time, and control of duration and temperature of thawing, as well as accuracy of insemination time. Key words: AI, buffalo, semen quality, optimization, oestrus synchronization

Scabies, a Zoonotic Disease : Present and Future Challenge April H Wardhana; Joses Manurung; Tolibin Iskandar
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 16, No 1 (2006): MARCH 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Scabies is a contagious skin disease caused by a mite of Sarcoptes scabiei . It is found worldwide particularly in regions related with of poverty, remote area, poor sanitations and nutritional status in both human and animals . Scabies is transmitted by direct contact . The clinical signs are intensive pruritis or itchiness, erythrema, papula and vesicle . Infestation S. scabiei caused damage skin and raised animal death (50 - 100%) while 300 millions people per year were reported to suffer from scabies . Diagnosis of scabies is based on clinical signs and confirmed with gently scrapping the skin off burrow (seeking for eggs, faecals and mites) . Beside that, the diagnosis can be obtained by ink test, mineral oil or fluorescence tetracycline test . ELISA method for detecting human scabies still has a disadvantage because there is a cross-reaction between host skin and var . S. scabiei antigens . The development of scabies vaccine also has many problems . Some human scabies cases were suspected from their livestock or pet animals . It is required a good and synergic collaboration between both health and livestock agencies that involved both human and vet medicals, investigators, quarantine staffs including researchers. Those factors become a challenge at present and in the future to prevent the spreading of scabies to a larger area and to minimize scabies cases in both human and animal, particularly in the endemic area . Key words : Scabies, Sarcoptes scabiei, human, animal, zoonotic

Prospects on Cattle Based Crop-Livestock Systems for The Irrigated Paddy Field in Lombok Hasil Sembiring; Tanda Panjaitan; Mashur .; Dwi Praptomo; A Muzani; A Sauki; Wildan .; Mansyur .; Sasongko .; Nurul A
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 1 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Grouped livestock management is one of the characteristic animals raising in Lombok. In the year of 2000, there were 1096 farmers' group that had a very potential opportunity to optimize the livestock productions through the crop-livestock systems approach. The assessment of this approach for the irrigated paddy field area has being conducted in the village of Sepakok, sub- district of Pringgarata, district of Lombok Tengah. The objective of the study was to improve the efficiency and sustainability of the crop-livestock system as well as environmentally friendly issues. A total of 112 household farmers were involved in the study, joined in the "Gerak Maju" group farmer with 334 head of cattles and 35 ha paddy filed. Improving farming systems efficiency has been implemented through the technology introduction of rice straw fermentation as cattle feeds, the use of Progesterone Intravaginal Sponges (PIS) for estrous synchronization and compost processing as well as its uses for crips. The results has shown that fermented rice straw could be used as basal feed, given ad-libitum and 5% of native grass from the body weight yield an average daily gain of 290 gr. The use of fermented rice straw has decreased the straw-field in the field after harvesting period, so that it could be storage and used them for the dry season. The use of manure compost could reduce the production cost for anorganic fertilizer and weed. It significantly affected to the vegetative growth of some horticultures. Part of the compost production has been marketed in some areas to give additional income of the farmers. The crop-livestock system approach with cattle based in the irrigated paddy field was recognized as one of the potential systems that could be impemented in Lombok as well as other region with the same agro-ecological zone. Key words: Crop-livestock systems, fermented rice straw, compost

Toxoplasmosis of Goat and Sheep in Java Tolibin Iskandar
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 18, No 3 (2008): SEPTEMBER 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease, caused by Toxoplasma gondii attacking goat, sheep, and wild animals. This disease is zoonosis and widely distributed in many districts of Java and as a zoonotic disease. Cat is the definitive host of T. gondii, while sheep, goats, and humans are the intermediate hosts. The prevalence of toxoplasmosis in Java was between 7 to 84%, with an average of 42.9%. It occurs through out of the year and causes abortions and infertilities of infected animals. All breeds of goat and sheep, male and female are susceptible to T. gondii infections. In cat, T. gondii produces three types of infectious forms, i.e.: tropozoite, cyst, and oocyst, but in intermediate host, it produces tropozoite and cyst forms. The development of T. gondii in definitive host is by sexual and asexual, while in intermediate host only by asexual only. Toxoplasmosis in livestocks is subclinical signs and difficult to diagnose. The confirmation diagnose of T. gondii infection in animals should be conducted by laboratory examinations of the parasite on peritoneal fluid, heart muscles, skelet muscles and brain samples. Serological tests for antibody detection can be done by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Toxoplasmosis is difficult to be controlled; the use of pyrimethamine drugs only kills tachyzoite form, but does not kill the cyst. Once the animals are infected, they would become carriers and sources of infections. Key words: Toxoplasmosis, goat, sheep

Role of Nano-Mineral as A Feed Additive to Enhance Animal Productivity and Quality of Animal Products Frans Kurnia; M Suhardiman; T Purwadaria; L Stephani
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 22, No 4 (2012): DECEMBER 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

A development of nanotechnology today has penetrated almost all areas of life. Utilization in improving livestock production can be done by replacing commonly used conventional mineral by nanoparticles-mineral. Application of chromium (Cr), selenium (Se), silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) nanoparticles are reported to improve livestock production. However, the potential risk of the application such as mineral deposit in the body of animal itself and to people as consumers of livestock product has to be evaluated. Nanoparticle-minerals that have smaller size are easier to penetrate the cells and it is suspected that it may give more negative risk. Analysis evaluation of nanoparticle-minerals in the animal including people are still being developed. Key words: Nanoparticle-minerals, Cr, Se, Ag, Cu

The Prospect of Using Complete Feed in Goat Production: A Review on its Utility and Physical Form and Animal Responses Simon P Ginting
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 19, No 2 (2009): JUNE 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Complete feed is a strategic feeding system that has been widely adopted by the dairy cattle industry, but it has been rarely practised in goat enterprises. The prospect of using complete feed for goat production could be considered from two aspects, namely 1) its relevancy to the goat metabolic requirement, and 2) its potential as an effective means for maximal utilization of crop residues and agro-industrial byproducts as alternative feeds. Metabolically, the higher energy requirement and the lower gut capacity of goats due to its relatively smaller body size make this animal more adapted to feedstuffs with denser nutrient contents as typified by the complete feed. As complete feed is characteristically dry, it has potential to cause hypovolemia and induce later a lower feed consumption when fed to goats. But, this event occurs only during the initial meal and the condition returns to the normal state thereafter. Total saliva secretion tend to decrease by consuming dry feed which can cause parakeratosis, laminitis or acidosis. However, these metabolic disorder could be prevented by formulating complete feed with optimal roughage/concentrate ratio. Review from literatures showed that, when used in complete feed, the inclusion rate of several low palatability crop residues or agro-industrial ranged from 15 to 60%. The roughage/concentrate ratio was in the range of 0.25 to 3.0. Some physical characteristics are important for effective complete feed such as the particle size of roughage, the content of physically effective fibre and the form of the complete feed. Complete feed processed into pellet generally resulted in better performances. The ME and CP content of complete feed used ranged from 1800 to 2800 kcal/kg DM and from 15 to 20%, respectively. The rate of feed intake by goats receiving complete feed ranged from 2.0 to 4.9% BW, the ADG ranged from 40 to 145 g, FCR ranged from 5.2 to 13.0 and DM digestibility ranged from 62 to 81%. These parameters are all influenced by the age and physiological state and the genotype of the goat as well as the physical form and the roughage/concentrate ratio of the complete feed. The carcass quality, characteristics and fatty acid compositions of goat fed complete feed are comparatively similar to those fed conventional feed. It is concluded that complete feed for goat production should be considered as an alternative and effective feeding method to maximize the utilization of local feed resources. This feeding method has huge potential for the acceleration of the development of commercial goat entrepises in the future in Indonesia. Key words: Complete feed, goats, physical characteristics, nutritive quality

Genetically Modified Feed Crops and Feed Ingredients in Indonesia: Opportunities and Constraints of Development Bambang R Prawiradiputra; Muharsini S
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 23, No 4 (2013): DECEMBER 2013
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

The opportunity of the presence of genetically modified organism (GMO) forage crops in Indonesia is quite large. Although until now there is no single forage crop awarded safely crop in Indonesia, but several crop byproducts have been used as feed ingredient. The controversy over the presence of GMO plant cannot be avoided. There are a part of communities who could not accept the presence of GMO crops for some reasons. On the other hand, the producers claimed the advantages of the GMO crops such as reducing pesticide application, reducing cost of weeding, more tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses, and increasing production, farmer’s income and welfare. For the opponent, the main concerns are environmental issues and the possibility of emerging diseases in animal as well as human being. The Biosafety Comission through Biosafety Technical Team has the authority to recommend whether GMO food or feed (and plants) is safe or not safe to be consumed and grown in Indonesia after the assessment. Key words: GMO, forage crops, feed safety

The Role of Salmonella Enteritidis in Chicken and its Product Tati Ariyanti; Supar .
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 15, No 2 (2005): JUNE 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Free pathogenic microorganism of food derived from animals is a prerequisite for human consumption . One of the important pathogenic microorganisms originated from animal product of food is Salmonella. Salmonella enteritidis is frequently found in chicken and spreads vertically as well as horizontally products (eggs, meats and meat products) by direct or indirect contact. Salmonella that contaminated animal product of food can cause foodborne disease in human . Foodborne disease associated with Salmonella occurred in some parts of the world including Indonesia . This problem needs attention from the government, producers and consumers. In the animal production especially chicken, it is demanded to provide animal food and their products free from Salmonella . This is an important indicator of safety food condition . Salmonella control programs in the animal production level begin with raising free-Salmonella day old chick with free Salmonella feed, good farm environmental sanitation . Further more, the monitoring program of Salmonella in farm and post harvest process needs to be conducted . Appropriate handlings of animals and their products are important to obtain food of animal products that are healthy and safe for human consumption . Key word: Salmonella enteritidis, contamination, meat, egg

The Role and Requirements of Sulphurous for Ruminant Abdurrays Ambar Karto
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 8, No 2 (1999)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Sulphurous is one of the important mineral that essential for. the living organism. For the animals, sulphurous (S) has a positive correlation with the nitrogen retention. Beside that, S is one of the essential component for methionine, and the methionine could be found in all of hormonal and enzymatic compounds and also in could be detected in all of the cell of the animal . For example, to continue the reproduction activities, animals need S for synthesizing reproduction hormones, ovulation and spermatogenesis. Fortunately for ruminants, because they could yield protein as a cycle of the ruminal activities. The prerequisite of this processif the branch C-frame is available for energy resources or C-frame from microorganism protein, S and ammonia (NH3). All of the components would work in synchronizing to build the protein. S could be supply from organic and inorganic materials and would be harvested from fermented protein in the nimen. 3lme materials from plants are generally containing low S especially for legumes and oily seeds, and also depend on the S contained under land where the plant is growth. In addition, S also has a synergistic with P, Mg and Co and antagonistic with the Cu and Se. S is also as one of important component in biotin and thiamine that have a role in periver neural systemic, tract digestive, cardiovascular systemic and the thiamine it self also has a special function for beri-beri medicine. Key words : Sulphurous, requirement, role

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