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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

WARTAZOA
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Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

ISSN : 02166461 EISSN : 23546832 DOI : 10.14334

Core Subject : Health,

Veterinary

WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 785 Documents

62 63 64 65 66

Utilization of Inconventional Feedstuffs for Animal Production I W Mathius; A P Sinurat
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 11, No 2 (2001)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

In the recent past, the increasing cost of imported feed ingredients, known as the main components of completed ration, caused the bankrupt of the intensive poultry industry. On the other hand, negative affect was faced by ruminant animal due to the potential land used for agriculture has been swidden/shifted to non-agricultural function, resulting in a shortage of feed sources, availability and supply for ruminant animal. Consequently, the animal productivity is low. There is ,therefore a need to look for cheaper alternative sources of feedstuffs has to be given in order to optimize the productivity of animal utilizing available feed in this country. A number of investigations have been done in order to overcome the feed availability problem, including the potential of crop by-product as a part of concentrate component. Although, crop by-product is always generally related to cheaper feedstuff, there are several matters need to be considered. Those factors are the continuation of crop by-product availability, the nutrient content of crop by-products, the possibility of any limiting factors, such as the existence of toxic constituents as well as the processing needed before feeding to the animal. Experiment results on utilization of several crop by- products, such as rice bran, cassava leaves, coconut meal, palm oil cake, cocoa pod husks, tofu residue, shrimp (Penaeus Sp) meal, banana steam and rami (Haramaj Sp) leaves in feeding ruminant animal (cattle and sheep) and non-rumiants animal (local and imported poultry as well as duck) will be reviewed in this paper. Key words: Inconventional feedstuffs, crop by-product, animal production

The Occurrence of Paratuberculosis (Johne’s Disease) in Ruminants in Indonesia Must be Anticipated Tarmudji .
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 2 (2007): JUNE 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Paratuberculosis or Johne’s disease is an infectious disease in ruminants (cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat) caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) and characterized by granulomatous enteritis manifestation. The disease occurs worldwidely and causes great economic losses on domestic livestock industries. Calves are commonly infected soon after birth, with incubation period of either some months or years. Clinical signs observed from 2 to 10 years old of infected cattle are chronic diarrhea and progressive emaciation. Transmission of MAP to calves can occur by nursing the infected dam or got contaminated by fecal material. The pathogens can also be excreted in colostrum or milk, that is why calf can be infected since neonatal period. Infection in progress leads to cause thickening of the intestinal wall, granulomatous and mesenterical lymphnode, which diffusion lesions in the intestine are characterized by the macroscopical finding. In Indonesia, paratuberculosis had been reported in dairy cattle (in West Java) with seroprevalence of 1.67% (3/180). From the serological positive reactors demonstrated MAP of 0.55% (1/180) by fecal cuture examination. Some samples of cattle and buffaloes from North Sumatera were also found positive paratuberculosis antibody against MAP detected by Complement Fixation Test (CFT) at average of 4% (2/50). The presence of positive reactors of paratuberculosis in dairy cattle, beef cattle and buffaloes in Indonesia must be anticipated. These animals are carriers and can shed pathogens, although they do not show clinical signs. It is likely that paratuberculosis can not be detected by conventional diagnostic techniques, therefore, sensitive and early diagnosis techniques must be developed. Key words: Paratuberculosis (Johne’s disease), ruminants, clinical signs, Indonesia

Bovine Viral Diarrhea in Cattle in Indonesia and its Problems Sudarisman .
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 21, No 1 (2011): MARCH 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) is a disease caused by the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), an ubiquitous, easily transmitted virus with worldwide distribution. The majority of postnatal infections with BVDV are nonclinical, with biphasic temperature elevation and leucopenia followed by a spesific immune response measurable by serum neutralisation test. The infection can be diagnosed serologically or virologically and the disease is recognized by clinical signs and pathological lesions. Disease control is based on the use of modified live virus (MLV) vaccines. Opinions vary on the relative economic importance of BVD, depends on the appropriateness and timing of vaccination in various production-management system. Key words: Bovine viral diarrhea, cattle, disease control, vaccine

Opportunities and Challenges to Improve National Milk Production Sori B Siregar
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 2 (2003): JUNE 2003
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

National milk production is still unable to fulfil the demand of milk from year by years. Imported dairy cows were able to increase national milk production, but it hasn't able yet to meet the demand of milk that is increased each year. Therefore, national milk production must be increased significantly in order to reduce the gap between national milk production and the demand of milk step by step in the coming years. The opportunities to increase national milk production are still feasible. The recommendation of importing dairy cows is good to continue, increased calving rate has to be planed and reducing mortality rate must be conducted for increasing dairy cows population and the national milk production. The opportunities for increasing national milk production in the form of improving feed management and intensifying artificial insemination have not been implemented optimally. Feed improvement management could be created through increasing quantity and quality of feed, giving opportunity of increasing national milk production about 23,85%. The wide open opportunities to increase national milk production are not free from amount of challenges. The price of milk is still low, the limit of forage production, uneconomical dairy scale farming, unsatisfied livestock breeding, the lack of capital, the competitive of milk import, inefficient management of milk cooperative are the significant challenges in increasing national milk production. Key words: Dairy cattle, milk production, supply and demand

Manipulation of Bioprocess in Rumen to Improve Fiber Feed Utilization Wisri Puastuti
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 19, No 4 (2009): DECEMBER 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Ruminant has a unique digestive organ that has big capacity to digest fiber. The digestive process includes the interaction of feed, rumen microbe and animal itself. Fementative digestion gives an advantage for ruminant as majority of feed consists of fiber, i.e: cellulose, hemi cellulose and xylan. Rumen microbes have an important role to digest fiber. Rumen microbes could be manipulated by several strategies to increase microbial protein synthesis and microbial activity. Feed supplement could stimulate growth and activity of rumen microbes, while buffer could stabilize the rumen pH and also the fermentation. Defaunating agent was given to control the existence of rumen microfauna (protozoa) so increase the population of bacteria. Essensial amino acid was used as a growth factor of rumen microbe the amino acid or its precursor could be given as supplementation. Feeding probiotic could maintain anaerob condition in the rumen, and caused population and activity of rumen microbe increased. Addition of micro mineral or enzyme could improve the fermentation and feed degradation in the rumen, hence, improved feed intake and animal productivity. Key words: Rumen microbe, fiber source, manipulation, digestion

Social Reflections Of Greenhouse Gass Emission Mitigations In Livestock Sector In Indonesia Tati Herawati
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 22, No 1 (2012): MARCH 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Greenhouse gas affect on the global warming and climate change has been realized recently. The livestock contribution on the emission of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere has the social and economic impact not only to the livestock holder but also to the surrounding society. Various mitigation technology actually have available both through the selection type feed low emissions as well as awarding supplemen, the addition of chemicals or mechanical means in the process of manufacture of fodder that can decrease methane production.The awareness of livestock raiser at small scale level to utilize available resources locally, would help mitigation activity and received economically beneficial returns in the forms of biogas and organic fertilizer. Revenues generated from the installation of biogas Rp. 600.000/month when converted to LPG price and value in calories (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) and B/C ratio of 1.35. Means that investments are economically viable. The present condition indicates that wider socialization to farmers on the relationship between livestock and the global warming and climate change. The need in order to grab social and economic benefit from utilizing local resources. Key words: Social, economic, global warming, greenhouse gas

The Fungimetarhizium Anisopliae as a Biocontrol for Ectoparasite Mites and Ticks in Livestock Riza Zainuddin Ahmad
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 14, No 2 (2004): JUNE 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Metarhizium anisopliae has been known as a biological agent that can kill and control pests especially arthropods. Recently the efforts on controlling arachnid: mites and scabies known as ectoparasites for ruminants have been done by using this fungus. This fungus can be used as a biological control on ectoparasite since it is not harmful for human and animal health. At the same time the availability of microbes as the Indonesian germ plasm especially fungi is sufficient to support the development ofM. anisopliae as a biological control agent, and eventually its development prospect as a controlling for ticks and mites in the future is promising. Key words: Metarhizium anisopliae, control biology, ectoparasite

Smallholder Livestock Commercialization Roger Merkel
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 29, No 1 (2019): March2019
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

The world’s population is expected to grow by over 30% by 2050, putting tremendous strain on agriculture to produce the estimated additional one billion tons of cereal grains and 200 million tons of meat to feed that population. Most of the population growth will occur in Africa and Asia where the majority of smallholder farms are located. Commercialization of smallholder farms can lead to increased productivity. Producer identified constraints to commercialization include infrastructure, poor knowledge of market prices, limited access to banking services and loan opportunities, and poor extension services, among others. To overcome these constraints will take actions by various sectors. Producer must become more market oriented and take advantage of current technologies to improve production. Government organizations should develop ways to build farmer capacity in market and production activities. Research institutes and universities must conduct research to drive innovation, help farmers to apply technologies, and develop means to enhance producer knowledge. Making loans and banking services available to farmers is a main role of the private sector. The private sector can also partner with producers on marketing and market access.

The Role of Antioxidant for Improving The Quality of Frozen Semen Muhammad Rizal; Herdis .
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 20, No 3 (2010): SEPTEMBER 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

The quality of frozen semen will be reduced if high oxidative metabolism activity in semen occurs, due to the formation of free radical compounds causing lipid peroxidation reaction on sperm plasma membrane. Lipid peroxidation occurs due to the exposure of semen to the oxygen during handling. Lipid peroxidation can be prevented by the addition of antioxidant compounds such as vitamin C, vitamin E, glutathione, and b-carotene, in the semen extender. Results of some researches showed that the addition of various antioxidans in extender can improve the quality of frozen semen of various animals. Key words: Antioxidant, free radical, lipid peroxidation, frozen semen

Competitiveness of Beef Cattle Farming in Indonesia: Domestic Resources Cost Approach Ari Abdul Rouf; Arief Daryanto; Anna Fariyanti
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 24, No 2 (2014): JUNE 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Beef demand in Indonesian people is supplied from the domestic and import production, including Australia and New Zealand. Domestic Resources Cost (DRC) is one of the indicators in free trade that is defined as one of the competitiveness criteria. The competitiveness is determined by several factors, including resource, labor, technology and market demand. Based on the previous research results, it was obtained that: (1) The availability of abundant feed through the grazing system and crops livestock system can provide comparative advantage (DRC = 0.08-0.54); (2) The type of beef cattle kept had a good competitiveness (DRC = 0.08-0.94); (3) The labor’s wage can simultaneously create competitiveness (DRC<1); (4) The technological factor on farm level showed that the higher Average Daily Gain (ADG) will make the competitiveness increased; and (5) The number of cattle had a positive causality on the competitiveness with a coefficient of 0.510. The smallholder farmer with the average farming scale of three heads per farmer had a lower competitiveness (DRC = 0.08) compared to the cattle fattening company (DRC = 0.01-0.02). The existing research showed that the beef cattle farming in several places in Indonesia had good competitiveness (DRC<1), but in some areas, its value was close to one (less competitive). Therefore, in order to improve the competitiveness, the formulation and implementation of the farm subsector policy should be regarded as a system including upstream to downstream subsystems so it is expected that the coordination and synergy policy among stakeholder and economic actor will be better. Key words: Beef cattle, competitiveness, domestic resources cost

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Jawa barat

INDONESIA