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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

WARTAZOA
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Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

ISSN : 02166461 EISSN : 23546832 DOI : 10.14334

Core Subject : Health,

Veterinary

WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 785 Documents

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Factors Affecting Food Safety of Animal Origin in Indonesia Sjamsul Bahri; Yulvian Sani; Indraningsih .
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 16, No 1 (2006): MARCH 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Based on the Indonesian Regulation Number 7 year 1996, food is defined as everything derived from biological sources and water, either processed and non-processed materials to be used as food and drinks, including food additives, food raw materials and other materials for preparation process, processing and production of food or drinks . Furthermore, food safety is a condition and an approach required to prevent the food from contamination of pathogenic microbes, toxic compounds and other xenobiotics that may affect and hazardous to human health . Food safety is basically a complexity and close related to policy . toxicity, microbiology, chemicals, nutrition status, health and public welfare . On the other hand, food safety problem is a dynamic process following the changing of public society including socioculture, health, development of science and technology as well as everything related to human life . In general, there are three main stages of process as the critical point in food safety of animal origin, namely : (1) preharvest ; (2) production ; and (3) postharvest . The main factors of these stages are discussed in this paper . Key words : Food safety, livestock, preharvest, harvest, post harvest

Marek's Disease in Chicken: I. Aetiology, Pathogenesis and its Control R M A Adjid; R Damayanti; H Hamid; T Sjafriati; Darminto .
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Marek’s disease (MD) is a neoplastic and neuropathic disease of poultry, especially chicken, caused by a highly contagious cell-associated herpesvirus. Marek’s disease is one of poultry diseases that is seriously concerned by poultry farmers. Before introduction of vaccine technology, the disease caused great economic loss in poultry industry, for example, in the United State the annual losses was estimated around $150 millions. Marek’s disease virus is relatively resistant to physical and chemical influence. In poultry farms the virus remains infectious for months and play an important role as source of infection. Pathogenesis of the disease is complex and influenced by factors. There are four phases of infection: early cytolytic infection, latent infection, second phase of cytolytic infection, and proliferative infection. Pathogenesis influenced by factors causes variety on clinical syndroms and incubation period of the disease in field condition. Successful disease control can be achieved, with vaccination as the main program, by selection of breed resistance and good management systems. The emergence of more virulent pathotypes of MD is a serious threat to the poultry industry, which requires development of more effective control strategies. Key words. Marek, poultry, etiology, pathogenesis, control

Boerka Goat: A Meat Type Goat of Boer X Kacang Crossbred Simon P Ginting; Fera Mahmilia
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 18, No 3 (2008): SEPTEMBER 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

The world goat population has for three main types, namely meat goats, dairy goats and fiber goats. In Indonesia, goat meat is produced mainly the Kacang goat, a small-size type with low growth rate, but prolific. The development of new goat breed with larger mature weight and greater growth rate is important to promote and increase the goat meat production and consumption as well. The acceleration of meat goat production in Indonesia need to be stimulated due to the large potential of the international market. The healthy goat meat due to its higher polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio compared to those of beef or lambs should be more promoted to encourage the consumption rate. The Boerka goat which has been developed by mating the male Boer goat to Kacang does has good characteristics of meat goat type. The average birth weight, weaning weight, weight at 6, 9, 12, 18 months old, and mature weight of Boerka goats are greater 33 – 48% compared to those of Kacang goat. The average pre-weaning (0 – 90 days) and post-weaning growth rate (3 – 12 months) of Boerka in average are 39 and 46%, respectively higher than those of Kacang goats. Under intensive management system, the kidding interval is 233 days, equal to that of Kacang goat. Carcass characteristics such as carcass weight and length are greater in Boerka compared to Kacang goat. The pH and protein content of carcass are comparable, while the fat content is lower in Boerka carcass. It is important to design proper schemes for the dissemination of this Boerka goats to stakeholders. These schemes should be able to provide the Boerka goats in a sustainable pattern, so that the production, supply and quality of this crossbred goat could be maintained continuously. Several alternative schemes based on the nucleus-based breeding principles are proposed and discussed. Key words: Goat, meat type, crossbreeding, development

Alternative Policy in Managing Sustainable Genetic Resources of Local Beef Cattle for National Livestock Breeding System Wartomo Hardjosubroto
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 14, No 3 (2004): SEPTEMBER 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Various efforts have been done by the government to enhance the productivity and population of beef cattle in Indonesia. One of the programs that have been carried out for a long time is crossbreeding using artificial insemination method with frozen semen known as AI program. Not less than 10 breeds of imported beef cattle have been introduced . However, the cross breeding is not followed by a clear breeding program, thus if it is not straightened out it will have negative impacts on the quality of the breed. In fact, due to the decentralization euphoria several regions established their own Artificial Insemination station (AIS). Providing there is no clear breeding program carried out, there will be a decrease in the livestock productivity, such as the increase of inbreeding . Several alternatives in managing sustainable genetic resources of local beef cattle (for examples, Bali cattle, Madura cattle, Ongole cross breed, and Sumba Ongole) are: (1) The broadening of grass field through the integrated concept of plant and livestock and livestock "transmigration" ; (2) the alteration of regulations regarding the authority of the central government related to the quality of livestock genetic, the conservation of local cattle areas, and the authority of the National Germ plasm Commission; (3) Revitalization of the role of seed stock Institutes, reviving ranching ; and (4) The importance of cross breeding impacts on productivity and its economic contribution . Key words: Beefcattle, breeding system, alternative of policy

Chronic Respiratory Disease (Crd) of Chicken Soeripto .
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 19, No 3 (2009): SEPTEMBER 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Chronic respiratory disease (CRD) of chicken is the most costly disease confronting poultry industries in the world. The economic losses due to CRD was estimated up to billions rupiahs per year in Indonesia, and in the USA was estimated up to hundred millions dollars per year. The losses mainly due to decreases of body weight gain, egg production, feed efficiencies, hatchabilities and increases of embryo mortality. The main causative agent of CRD is Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG). Respiratory disturbances, excretion of nasal exudate, coughing, sneezing and hyperaemic of the conjunctiva are very often seen as the clinical signs. Pathological lesions are often found as inflammation of respiratory organs and more specific lesions are seen as inflammation and thickening of the airsac membranes with foci cheesy materials scattered around the airsacs. Diagnosis of CRD can be made by clinical symptoms, serology examination dan isolation of MG. Treatment, prevention and controls of CRD have been carried out for years, but cases of CRD are still present up to now. The MGTS11 vaccine as the third generation of CRD vaccine was reported to be effective for controlling CRD of chickens and potentially used as a tool for eradication programme of CRD in the future. Key words: Chronic respiratory disease, chicken

Formation of Integrated Sheep Village as Effort to Bring Livestock Technology to Farms Community Isbandi .
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 23, No 3 (2013): SEPTEMBER 2013
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Establishing of “Integrated Sheep Village” is one of the dissemination models as well as the media to introduce the technology to farmer. The model can be used as an effort to bring the technologies that have been produced by IRIAP to users (stakeholders). Indonesia Research Institute for Animal Production (IRIAP) has introduced a livestock production model known as "Integrated Sheep Village" in the region of Pandeglang, Banten Province. Through “Integrated Sheep Village” model, farmers are expected to adopt the technology that suits to local condition. Synergy of cooperation and coordination with Research Agency in the area that is AIAT, and local District Animal Husbandry Office, as well as other related institutions became the main model in its development. The model has been successfully done through technology assistance activities as livestock development efforts. Through site-specific technology package that is easy to apply, this model is expected to provide services and to disseminate of research findings optimally to the public. Besides, the model is expected to become Village Breeding Centre to develope certain livestock. Key words: Sheep village, sheep, assistance, technology

The Prospect of Integrated Rearing Between "Tiktok" (Mule Ducks) with Rice, Fish and Azolla in Dki Jakarta Province B Bakrie; Suwandi .; L Simanjuntak
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 15, No 3 (2005): SEPTEMBER 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

The amount of meat-type ducks consumed by people who live in DKI Jakarta area is approximately 5 .000 heads/day . Most of these ducks are coming from traditional market or duck collecting areas in Tangerang, Karawang and Bekasi . The meat-type ducks sold in those markets are primarily the young male egg-type ducks, culled laying ducks and male/female Muscovy . Some mule ducks, a crossing between Muscovy and common ducks, are also sold in the market, but only in a small proportion of about 5% of the amount of total ducks sold at one time . An outstanding mule duck has been developed through artificial insemination between male Muscovy with female egg-type duck, which is called as Tiktok . This Tiktok has some advantage than the other meat-type duck, including faster growing, higher meat proportion, lower fat in the meat and has a softer meat texture, this makes Tiktok meat better taste than the meat of the egg-type duck . However, the Tiktok consumes a significant amount of feed, therefore it requires a higher cost for its feed . This paper will discuss a model, which may be used to reduce the cost in rearing the Tiktok so that more benefit could be obtained from various commodities under an integrated farming system . The model that is proposed in this paper is an integrated rearing of the Tiktok with rice and fish with utilization of Azolla (Azolla microphylla), a water plant . Key words : Integrated farming, mule ducks, rice, fish, Azolla

Utilization of Local Feedstuffs for Native Chickens A P Sinurat
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 9, No 1 (1999)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Local feed-stuffs can be used to formulate diet for native chickens. The utilization of a feed ingredient should consider some factors such as the quantity available, nutrient compositions, price and limiting factors such as anti-nutrient or toxins that exist in the feed ingredient. Some potential local feed ingredients that can be used for native chickens are rice bran, cassava and its by-product, coconut meal, soybean curd waste, palm oil by-products, shrimp head and snail. Research results on the utilization of these ingredients in poultry feed are discussed in this paper. The application of the research results to make feed for native chickens required knowledge on diet formulation that includes the nutrient requirement for the chickens, calculation methods and techniques for mixing feed. Key words: Native chickens, local feedstuffs, nutrient composition, nutrient requirement

Awareness of Ebola: An Exotic Zoonotic Disease NLPI Dharmayanti; I Sendow
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 25, No 1 (2015): MARCH 2015
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Filovirus including Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fever is a zoonotic disease that characterised by immune suppression and systemic inflammatory response causing impairment of the vascular and immune systems. It is leading to multiorgan failures with mortality varies from 50-90% in human and primate. The Ebola virus is currently divided into five species, namely Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV), Sudan ebolavirus (SEBOV), Tai Forest ebolavirus, Reston ebolavirus (REBOV) and Bundibugyo ebolavirus. Geographical distribution of Ebola virus in the Afrotropics region is mainly in the rainforests of Central and West Africa, while REBOV was detected in the Philippines. Bats are suspected as reservoir host of the virus. Recently, Ebola cases had been reported in endemic areas in Africa and then distributed to other countries which was not endemic through human travellers. Ebola virus is also potentially used as a biological weapon, so Ebola virus becomes public health concern. This paper describes the characters of Ebola virus, its clinical signs, transmission and threat as an exotic disease in Indonesia. By understanding the disease, the emergence of Ebola virus in Indonesia can be anticipated quickly. Key words: Ebola virus, exotic, pathogen

Mycotoxin: Its Effect on Animal Health and its Residues in Animal Products and its Control Raphaella Widiastuti
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 16, No 3 (2006): SEPTEMBER 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Mycotoxins are the toxic metabolites of certain fungi which is able to influence animal health . Five types of the most important mycotoxins are aflatox ns, ochratoksin A . zearalenone, trichotecenes and fumonisin . The effect of mycotoxin on animal health depends on the type and amount of the mycotoxins consumed . The occurrence of mycotoxin causes animal health problem and also leads to the arise of mycotoxin residues in food derived from animal products such as meat, eggs and milk which causes human health problem . Controlling the occurrence of mycotoxins in animal feed and food products through some treatments and prevention is important to avoid further negative effects of mycotoxins . Key words : Mycotoxins, animal health, residue, control

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Indonesian Center for Animal Science Research and Development Jl. Raya Pajajaran Kav E-59 Bogor 16151 Bogor Indonesia

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Jawa barat

INDONESIA