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Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 2339076X     EISSN : 25022458     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management is managed by the International Research Centre for the Management of Degraded and Mining Lands (IRC-MEDMIND), research collaboration between Brawijaya University, Mataram University, Massey University, and Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences-China Papers dealing with result of original research, and critical reviews on aspects directed to the management of degraded and mining lands covering topography of a landscape, soil and water quality, biogeochemistry, ecosystem structure and function, and environmental, economic, social and health impacts are welcome with no page charge
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Articles 1,551 Documents
 151   152   153   154   155 
Water quality status and heavy metal pollution risk in the Ogan River, Palembang City Oktriyedi, Ferly; Ngudiantoro, Ngudiantoro; Hona Saputra, Erlianto; Handayani, Lela
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.134.11173

Abstract

The Ogan River, part of the Musi River Basin, plays a vital role in the urban environment and the lives of the people of Palembang. It receives pollution from residential areas, domestic waste, tie-dye production, rubber processing, river transport, and coal mining. This study aimed to analyze water quality, identify dominant pollutant parameters, evaluate spatial patterns of pollution, and determine potential pollution sources and management priorities for the Ogan River. The study was conducted at eight locations based on land use characteristics and activities along the river. The parameters analyzed included physical characteristics, chemical characteristics, heavy metals, and inorganic compounds. Water quality status was analyzed using the Pollution Index, the ratio of exceedances of quality standards, and spatial changes in concentration. The results showed that turbidity exceeded the quality standard at all points with concentrations of 30.5-38.3 NTU, while color exceeded the quality standard at Points 2-8 with the highest concentration of 84.723 PtCo at Point 8. KMnO? of 21.85-27.527 mg/L and Fe of 0.312-0.688 mg/L also exceeded the quality standard at all points, while most other chemical and metal parameters still met the quality standard. Spatially, pollution pressure tends to increase towards the middle and downstream parts, with Points 4, 5, 7, and 8 as priority locations. Pollution is thought to originate from a combination of domestic and industrial waste, surface runoff, bank erosion, river transportation, sediment resuspension, and runoff from coal storage areas.
Restoration readiness of tropical gold-mined landscapes: Soil function, contaminant risk, hydrological constraints, and monitoring indicators Tobing, Bontor L.; Lihawa, Fitryane; Baderan, Dewi Wahyuni K.; Rauf, Asda; Hasim, Hasim
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.134.11219

Abstract

Gold mining persistently degrades tropical landscapes by removing vegetation and topsoil, destabilizing landforms, altering hydrological processes, and mobilizing contaminants. This critical review assesses how ecological disturbance, soil-function decline, contaminant risk, revegetation outcomes, monitoring indicators, and governance constraints determine restoration readiness in tropical gold-mined landscapes. Across the reviewed studies, restoration outcomes are shaped by interacting constraints rather than by revegetation alone. Sandy tailings, low organic matter, reduced cation exchange capacity, coarse-fragment accumulation, compaction, and limited water availability can restrict both early plant establishment and longer-term soil recovery. Organic amendments and hydrogel may improve early survival and growth of selected species; however, these short-term responses do not necessarily demonstrate sustained soil formation, microbial recovery, aggregate stability, or successional convergence. Risk assessment also needs to move beyond total contaminant concentrations by incorporating bioavailability, pH, organic matter, plant tissue data, phytotoxicity biomarkers, and exposure pathways. Mercury accumulation in nearby forest compartments further complicates the selection of uncontaminated reference sites. Based on these findings, the review proposes a restoration-readiness framework structured around contaminant risk, geomorphic stability, substrate function, hydrological suitability, biological recovery potential, and governance capacity. The framework emphasizes diagnostic sequencing before large-scale planting or post-mining land-use allocation. Long-term field trials are needed to integrate soil biological recovery, aggregate development, contaminant bioavailability, hydrological design, field-scale phytoremediation, and post-closure governance.
Linking glyphosate herbicide residues to degradation in Ultisols under chronosequences of oil palm plantations Rezki, Dewi; Maulana, Amsar; Athiyya, Salma; Herviyanti , Herviyanti
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.134.10983

Abstract

The continuous use of glyphosate herbicides in long-term oil palm monoculture systems has raised significant environmental concerns because of their potential to accelerate Ultisols degradation and prolong herbicide residue persistence across plantation age chronosequences. This study evaluated the physicochemical properties of glyphosate-contaminated Ultisols under oil palm plantations of different ages using a quantitative survey approach with randomized sampling. Soil samples were collected from plantations aged <5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20, and >20 years, with forest soil as a control, at a depth of 0-20 cm. Long-term oil palm cultivation significantly alters the physical and chemical properties of Ultisols. Conversion from forest to young plantations increases bulk density from 0.85 to 1.31 g cm?³ while reducing porosity, water content, and permeability, indicating severe structural degradation. Although plantations >20 years old show improvements in soil quality, the ecological state of forest soils is not fully restored. Ultisols remain highly acidic (pH 4.43-5.30) and exhibit highly variable loading properties that influence nutrient retention and glyphosate adsorption. Glyphosate residues increase with age, with the highest soil residues in 10-15-year-old plantations (18.07 mg kg?¹) and in oil palm fruits in 15-20-year-old plantations (16.94 mg kg?¹). Plantation age, organic matter dynamics, and herbicide use intensity have been identified as key influences on soil degradation, nutrient imbalance, and glyphosate persistence in tropical oil palm agricultural ecosystems.
Drought, conflict, and recovery: Disentangling the drivers of vegetation dynamics and surface temperature change in Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq (2000-2024) Razuqi, Azhar Hussein; Albdairi , Mustafa
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.134.10955

Abstract

This study presents a 24-year spatiotemporal analysis of vegetation dynamics and land surface temperature (LST) in Kirkuk Governorate, northern Iraq, from 2000 to 2024. MODIS NDVI (MOD13Q1), MODIS LST (MOD11A2), and CHIRPS rainfall data were processed in Google Earth Engine to assess environmental change across four phases: baseline (2000-2005), pre-conflict (2010-2013), ISIS conflict (2014-2017), and post-conflict recovery (2018-2024). Vegetation trends were evaluated using the Mann-Kendall test and Sen's Slope estimator. Mean annual NDVI increased by 21.6%, from 0.1995 during the baseline phase to 0.2426 during the recovery phase. Significant greening occurred across 56.2% of the governorate (5,470 km²), while only 0.8% (78 km²) experienced browning. Two major periods of vegetation decline were identified: the 2007-2009 regional drought, when mean NDVI fell to 0.1397, and the 2014-2017 ISIS conflict, during which vegetation declined in western districts despite near-average rainfall, indicating conflict as an independent driver of degradation. Mean annual LST decreased from 38.37 °C in 2000 to 32.33 °C in 2024, consistent with the inverse relationship between vegetation cover and surface temperature. The findings provide quantitative evidence of conflict-driven vegetation degradation followed by post-conflict ecological recovery, offering valuable insights for land management and agricultural recovery planning in semi-arid, post-conflict regions.
Riparian erosion hazard index (EHI) modeling: Deciphering the soil loss discrepancies in mountainous tropical rivers Syazili, As'ad; Setyaaji, Primayoga Harsana; Bakri, Bakri; Leviana, Leviana; Fadli, Bori Heria; Mas'hum, Halim
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.134.10969

Abstract

Riparian zones in upstream watersheds are important for hydrological stability but increasingly endangered by climate change and human activities. This study quantified the potential erosion hazard along the Way Ilahan and Way Merabung rivers in Lampung by using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) with 52 sampling points. The parameters considered were rainfall erosion (R), soil erodibility (K), topography (LS), and land management (CP). The mean annual rainfall erosion is 962.12 mm/yr with a high geomorphological asymmetry. On the left edge, the extreme LS value (267.90) indicates soil loss well beyond the tolerable threshold (TSL = 179.20 t/ha/yr). The most significant degradation was observed on the left bank of the Way Merabung River, with an erosion rate of 49,818.95 t/ha/yr and an Erosion Hazard Index (EHI) of 278.01, more than 270 times the natural soil regeneration capacity. Conservation modeling indicated that the combination of forest cover and contour planting on a 20% slope reduced the predicted soil loss to 51.39-427.46 t/ha/yr, changing the hazard classification from “very high” to “low-moderate”. These results highlight land management (CP factor) as a major driver of increased erosion. Urgent interventions such as agroforestry and mechanical contour planting on the vulnerable left bank are essential to reduce severe downstream sedimentation.
Salinity-related spectral and thermal indicators in the Habra plain, Algeria, using Landsat and Google Earth Engine Elmiloudi , Rachida; Benaricha, Boumedienne; Hamimed, Abderrahmane
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.134.11061

Abstract

Soil salinization is a leading driver of land degradation in semi-arid irrigated plains, yet tracking it over several decades is hampered by the cost and limited frequency of field surveys. This study did not measure soil salinity directly; instead, it reconstructed twenty-five years of salinity-related spectral and thermal surface indicators across the 328 km² Habra irrigated perimeter in north-western Algeria, which serve as remote proxies for surface salinization processes. Dry-season Landsat composites for four reference years (2000, 2010, 2020 and 2025) were processed in Google Earth Engine to compute the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Brightness Index (BI), the Salinity Index (SI), the Normalized Difference Salinity Index (NDSI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST). Mean LST rose from 49.4 to 52.3 °C between 2000 and 2020 and then declined to 50.2 °C in 2025, partly reflecting denser multi-sensor sampling, while mean NDVI increased only slightly, from 0.13 to 0.18. The area of high-brightness pixels (BI ? 0.40) grew from 11.8 % in 2000 to 33.1 % in 2020 before falling to 21.1 % in 2025. NDVI and LST remained strongly negatively coupled throughout, whereas the coupling of LST with BI and SI strengthened steadily. The convergent behaviour of three salinity-sensitive indices, confirmed at 500 m resolution, provides indirect evidence of advancing surface salinization that warrants targeted field validation.
Functional Traits of a Metal Indicator Plant, Buchanania arborescens (Blume) Blume Thriving in the Ultramafics Formation of Palawan Island: A Preliminary Assessment De Mesa, Cyrus A.; De Castro, Ma. Ellenita G.; Combalicer, Marilyn S.
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.134.11147

Abstract

The study of the plant’s functional traits may be considered an effective tool for predicting and understanding an ecosystem’s influence on plant survival. Through the direct measurement of plant responses to their immediate environment, one can understand how plants adapt to maintain their survival. The metallophytes are known for their unique capacity to thrive in metal-rich substrate, thereby offering a remarkable example of an evolutionary mechanism. However, there remains a very limited study that focuses on metallophytes, particularly focusing on their functional traits to understand their mechanisms of adaptation. Buchanania arborescens, a tree species belonging to the family Anacardiaceae, is found to thrive in multiple forest environments, including beach forests, mangroves, and tropical lowland evergreen forest, as well as the harsh environment of ultramafic forests across the Philippines. The presence of B. arborescens, therefore, raises a question on its unique ability to thrive across multiple ecosystems. In this study, the functional traits (leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, height, and leaf trace element) were measured from 15 randomly selected individuals collected in an ultramafic forest (Sitio Magarwak) and tropical lowland evergreen forest (Makiling Forest Reserve). Results revealed higher values for LA, SLA, and plant heights from the lowland evergreen forest, while a higher LDMC value was observed in the ultramafic area. With regard to the metals present, manganese was found in both sites, whereas nickel was only detected in the ultramafic site. The amounts of both metals, however, are not above threshold levels, suggesting that B. arborescens is a potential metal-indicator plant.
Integrating USLE, GIS, and AHP for soil erosion assessment and mitigation prioritization in Samosir Island, Indonesia Slamet, Bejo; Auliya, Cinta; Rakino, Sunarno A; Harahap, Arfan Iqbal; Iqbal, Muhammad
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.134.11107

Abstract

Soil erosion has become one of the most severe forms of land degradation in tropical mountain areas due to the combined effect of steep topography, high rainfall erosivity, and rapid land-use change. The island of Samosir in the Lake Toba catchment has experienced increasing pressure from agricultural expansion and forest conversion. The study aimed to assess the spatial distribution of soil erosion hazard and to identify mitigation priorities by employing an integrated GIS-USLE-AHP framework on Samosir Island. Soil erosion was estimated using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) by integrating rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length and steepness (LS), and cover-management (CP) factors in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. Rainfall erosivity was computed from CHIRPS precipitation data (2010-2025), topography was extracted from DEMNAS, and land cover was classified from Sentinel-2 imagery using the Random Forest algorithm in Google Earth Engine. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to identify mitigation priorities. The results showed that very low erosion hazard dominated the island with 28,481.03 ha (44.01%). The AHP analysis revealed that the highest-priority strategy was vegetative mitigation (0.503), followed by human resource strengthening (0.319) and mechanical conservation measures (0.177), with a highly acceptable consistency ratio (CR = 0.00158). Agroforestry, revegetation of critical slopes, and conservation-based community empowerment were the best mitigation measures.
Potential flood hazard analysis in paddy field: A case study in part of Kedungbener Subwatershed, Kebumen Regency, Indonesia Fauziah, Muthia Ratna; Setiawan, Muhammad Anggri; Sekaranom, Andung Bayu
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.134.11039

Abstract

The high flood hazard potential in the Kedungbener Subwatershed significantly impacts the surrounding environment, including the agricultural sector. This research aimed to analyze potential flood hazards to agricultural areas under 2-year and 10-year return period scenarios. Flood hazard was generated using HEC-RAS with a rain-on-grid approach to identify the distribution and extent of the inundation area over land cover. The results demonstrated that the flood-affected agricultural areas reached 921.15 ha (58.12%) for the 2-year return period and 994.47 ha (62.75%) for the 10-year return period. This indicates that more than half of the agricultural areas were impacted by the flood. The model was validated using a confusion matrix, which showed that the under-2-year return period flood model achieved an accuracy of 84.38%, while the 10-year return period flood model achieved an accuracy of 90.62%. Given the higher accuracy of the 10-year return period, the model is considered more representative in predicting flood hazards within agricultural areas. Based on that accuracy, the AUC of 0.863 indicates that the HEC-RAS flood hazard prediction model falls within the “Accepted” category. This result provides a critical foundation for the related stakeholders to formulate targeted flood mitigation strategies for the agricultural sector.
Biological remediation of saline-degraded agricultural soil using allelopathic plant residues: Effects on soil quality indicators and wheat productivity in semi-arid Iraq Al-Ridha, Mohammed Abd; Sarbout, Ali Kareem
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 13 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2026.134.11095

Abstract

Saline and structurally degraded agricultural soils constrain wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production across the semi-arid lowlands of Iraq, where electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) frequently exceed crop-tolerance thresholds. This study investigated the capacity of three locally available allelopathic plant residues: Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. leaves, wheat straw, and freshwater algae (Shamblan; Cladophora sp./Spirogyra sp.) applied as surface mulch or soil incorporation, to remediate a saline degraded soil and restore wheat productivity. A comprehensive suite of soil quality indicators (pH, EC, SAR, organic matter, available N, P, K, cation exchange capacity, and microbial enzyme activities) was measured before and after the 2025-2026 growing season at the University of Wasit research field. Baseline EC was 5.18 dS m-1, and SAR was 15.6, both above critical degradation thresholds. After one season, eucalyptus mulch reduced EC by 18.4% and SAR to 12.1, while organic matter increased by 31.4%. Phenolic acids and terpenoids released during residue decomposition, quantified by HPLC, drove Ca2+/Na+ displacement in the soil exchange complex. Wheat grain weight reached 12.50 g plot-1 under eucalyptus mulch, 212% above the unreclaimed degraded control. Pearson correlation confirmed strong negative relationships between EC and grain weight (r = ?0.891, p<0.01) and between SAR and tiller number (r = ?0.843, p<0.01). Wheat straw mulch achieved the highest return on investment by valorising a zero-cost agricultural by-product. These findings provide a low-cost, ecologically grounded strategy for rehabilitating saline degraded croplands through allelopathy-mediated biological soil reclamation.

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