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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Human Nutrition
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 24426636     EISSN : 23553987     DOI : https://doi.org/10.21776
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Indonesian Journal of Human Nutrition (IJHN) merupakan jurnal ilmiah yang memuat artikel penelitian di bidang gizi manusia dan di terbitkan oleh Jurusan Gizi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya Malang dan terbit dua kali dalam setahun (bulan Mei dan November).
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 209 Documents
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Effect of Black Soybean Substitution and Fermentation Method (Backslope vs. Precision) on the Physical and Sensory Properties of Symbiotic Yogurt Ice Cream Adelya Desi Kurniawati; Fenty Nurtyastuti Eka Pertiwi; Muhammad Dary Amjad; Lintang Lisinanda Cahyaning Putri; Dwi Astuti Aprilina; Titis Sari Kusuma; Yosfi Rahmi
Indonesian Journal of Human Nutrition Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.ijhn.2025.012.02.6

Abstract

The development of symbiotic frozen desserts using locally sourced plant-based ingredients remains limited, particularly the use of Indonesian Detam-1 black soybean and the comparison of different yogurt fermentation methods. This study aimed to formulate symbiotic yogurt ice cream by substituting whole cream milk with Detam-1 black soybean paste (0%, 10%, 20%) and applying two fermentation approaches: backslope and precision. A Completely Randomized Design with three replications was used. Physical evaluations included measurements of viscosity, overrun, total soluble solids, and melting time, while sensory analysis involved 40 semi-trained panelists using a nine-point hedonic scale. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s test. The results showed that the fermentation method had no significant effect on any of the parameters (p > 0.05). The best physical performance was observed in the 20% substitution formula (F2), which showed the highest viscosity and a melting time of around 31 minutes for both methods. Although increasing substitution levels slightly reduced preference, the product’s overall appearance maintained a neutral to like moderately range (5.78 to 6.70). These findings indicate that Detam-1 black soybean paste has strong potential as a functional, locally plant-based prebiotic source and provides new insight into the comparative use of backslope versus precision fermentation in symbiotic frozen dessert development.
Preliminary Study on the Effect of Food Bar Supplementation on Food Intake and Body Weight in a Wistar Rat Malnutrition Model Widyaningsih, Tri Dewanti; Hidayatullah, Apriliawan; Hapsari, Tara Krisda; Kinanti, Agisty Anggunfajar; Febriyantiningtyas, Shani’na; Wulan, Siti Narsito; Nisa, Fithri Choirun
Indonesian Journal of Human Nutrition Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.ijhn.2025.012.02.2

Abstract

Stunting remains a critical public health issue in Indonesia, where 2022 prevalence of 21.6% was still categorized as high according to WHO standards (> 20%). One of the direct causes of stunting is inadequate nutrition intake. Food bars formulated from local ingredients such as pumpkin paste, edamame flour, snakehead fish flour, and moringa leaf flour are a promising alternative for supplementary feeding. This present study aimed to evaluate the effects of food bar supplementation on dietary intake and body weight in a Wistar rat model of malnutrition. The study was conducted in two stages using a post-test-only design. In the first stage, malnutrition was induced through the administration of a low-protein diet for 21 days. In the second stage, malnourished rats received a 28-day intervention consisting of K3 (standard diet), K4 (standard diet with 30% food bar), and K5 (standard diet with 50% food bar), while K1 (normal diet) and K2 (continued low-protein diet) served as controls. Rats in the K5 group achieved a final body weight of 116.0 ± 8.4 g, which was significantly higher than that of the K2 group (101.5 ± 13.6 g; p < 0.05), and their food intake also improved. The supplemented groups showed better general condition, including fur growth and activity. These results suggest that food bar supplementation is associated with increased intake and weight gain in malnourished rats; however, further studies involving biochemical markers are needed to assess full nutritional recovery and human applicability.
Comparative Analysis of Phenolic, Flavonoid, and Antioxidant Activity in Green, Black, and White Tea Kombucha Suantari, Ni Gusti Ayu Made Dewi; Purwanto, Ukhradiya Magharaniq Safira; Safithri, Mega
Indonesian Journal of Human Nutrition Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.ijhn.2025.012.02.4

Abstract

This research explored how varying tea substrates (green, black, and white) affected the phenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of kombucha fermented with SCOBY. Four samples were prepared, including a control (no tea) and kombucha made from green, black, and white tea bases. The results showed that black tea kombucha had the highest levels of antioxidant compounds and activity. The DPPH assay revealed that black tea kombucha exhibited the highest antioxidant activity; a percent inhibition of 88.285 ± 2.196% and an IC50 value of 30.835 ± 1.340 µL/ml. Additionally, black tea kombucha had the highest total phenolic content (921.282 ± 38.075 mg GAE/L) and total flavonoid content (421.818 ± 24.052 mg QE/L). The type of tea used significantly impacted the final total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and overall antioxidant activity of the resulting kombucha. Furthermore, the fermentation process also led to consistent decreases in pH and density across all samples. These comparative data offer valuable insight for optimizing tea-based kombucha formulations for functional food and beverage applications.
Effectiveness of the “Genting” Application on Cadres’ Knowledge and Attitudes toward Child Stunting Screening in Bengkulu City Andeka, Wisuda Andeka Marleni; Linda; Farida Halis; Heni Hendriyani; Reka Lagora Marsofely
Indonesian Journal of Human Nutrition Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.ijhn.2025.012.02.7

Abstract

The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia increased from 18% in 2007 to 19.3% in 2018. However, Indonesia’s nutrition status survey showed that the stunting rate decreased from 24.4% in 2021 to 21.6% in 2022. The government has promoted technology-based strategies through digital applications that are widely accessible to the community. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the “Genting” application in improving the knowledge and attitudes of health cadres related to child stunting screening. The study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental design with two groups and pre-test and post-test measurements. The sample consisted of 70 respondents, which included 35 cadres in the intervention group and 35 cadres in the control group. All respondents were active posyandu cadres in Bengkulu City who were able to read, write, and operate Android-based applications. The analysis showed a statistically significant improvement in knowledge scores before and after the intervention in both groups (p < 0.05). The mean increase in knowledge scores was 1.19 points in the group that used the “Genting” application and 1.32 points in the group that used the other Android application. Analysis of attitude scores showed a statistically significant difference before and after the intervention in both groups (p < 0.05). The mean difference in attitude scores between the group that used the “Genting” application and the group that used the other Android application was 2.72 points. These findings indicate that the “Genting” application is effective in increasing knowledge and attitudes about stunting prevention in child cadres in Bengkulu City.
Effect of Probiotics on Respiratory Infections in Stunted Preschool Children: A Quasi-Experimental Pre-Post Study Deslina Rohmatul Luklu; Fajar Ari Nugroho; Annisa Rizky Maulidiana
Indonesian Journal of Human Nutrition Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.ijhn.2025.012.02.8

Abstract

Stunting in preschool-aged children increases susceptibility to upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) due to impaired immune systems and imbalances in gut microbiota. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation on URTI incidence among stunted preschool-aged children and to support nutrition-based preventive strategies for reducing acute respiratory infections among vulnerable populations. This study used a quasi-experimental one-group pre-test-post-test design conducted over 120 days from August 2023 to January 2024. Fifteen stunted preschool-aged children enrolled in a kindergarten in Probolinggo City participated through total sampling. Data were collected using health status forms completed by enumerators during school days and by parents during holidays. Observations were conducted during two consecutive 60-day periods before and during probiotic supplementation. The intervention consisted of daily administration of 65 ml of a probiotic containing more than 100 million Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain bacteria per milliliter. Statistical analysis included Fisher’s Exact Test and the Wilcoxon Test with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results showed a significant difference in URTI status before and during probiotic supplementation (p = 0.042) and in the duration of school absenteeism (p = 0.011). However, no significant differences were found in URTI episode frequency, episode duration, or overall illness duration. The study concludes that probiotic supplementation (65 ml) has a significant impact on reducing URTI occurrence and school absenteeism in stunted preschool children.
Opportunities for Durian Peel Flour (Durio zibethinus Murray) as an Alternative to High-Fiber Food Rahmiwati, Anita; Ramadhani, Aulia; Deya Silviani
Indonesian Journal of Human Nutrition Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.ijhn.2025.012.02.3

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of drying temperature and duration on the nutritional composition (carbohydrates, protein, fat, moisture, and ash) and lignocellulose content (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) of durian peel flour. The inner white peel (albedo) of Durio zibethinus was washed, sliced, dried at specific temperature-time combinations, and ground into flour. A laboratory experimental design using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed using three treatments to represent variations in drying temperature and duration: P1 (60°C, 10 hours), P2 (70°C, 8 hours), and P3 (80°C, 6 hours). Data were analyzed using SPSS software with normality tests, ANOVA, and Duncan tests. The nutritional compositions of durian peel flour in P2 were 66.69% carbohydrates, 10.85% protein, 0.76% fat, 17.24% moisture, and 4.45% ash. The lignocellulose content in P2 consisted of 35.20% cellulose, 15.64% hemicellulose, and 10.90% lignin. Significant differences were found in cellulose, carbohydrate, moisture, and ash content based on drying conditions. Specifically, P2 (70°C for 8 hours) yielded the highest carbohydrate (66.69%) and cellulose (35.20%) contents while simultaneously producing the lowest moisture (17.24%) and ash (4.45%) contents compared to the other treatments. Overall, the study shows that drying at 70°C for 8 hours optimally preserves the nutritional and lignocellulose content of durian peel flour, which emphasized its potential role in developing sustainable, high-fiber functional foods or supplements. This research provides new insight into the optimization of drying conditions for transforming durian peel into a nutritionally valuable and fiber-rich flour and demonstrates how controlled thermal treatment can improve nutrient retention and lignocellulose stability.
Correlation between Nutritional Status, Blood Pressure, Cholesterol Levels, and Cognition in Middle-Aged Adults at Sedati Subdistrict, Sidoarjo Mayumi Aisyah Lady; Aulia, Salma Shafrina; Choirul Anna Nur Afifah; Cleonara Yanuar Dini
Indonesian Journal of Human Nutrition Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.ijhn.2025.012.02.10

Abstract

The increasing population of pre-elderly individuals presents emerging challenges in maintaining quality of life, particularly regarding age-related cognitive decline. Previous studies have examined factors such as nutritional status, blood pressure, and total cholesterol levels; however, their findings remain inconsistent. This study examines the correlation between nutritional status, blood pressure, and total cholesterol levels with cognitive function in middle-aged individuals in Sedati Subdistrict, Sidoarjo. This quantitative study used a cross-sectional design and involved 107 respondents aged 45-59 years selected through consecutive sampling. Data collection included Body Mass Index (BMI) measurements, blood pressure and total cholesterol levels assessments, and interviews using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted using Spearman’s Rank correlation test. The results showed that the majority of respondents were classified as overweight (71%), hypertensive (52%), with high total cholesterol levels (61%), and normal cognitive function (51%). Spearman’s Rank test result indicated no significant correlation between nutritional status (p=0.488), blood pressure (p=0.778), and total cholesterol levels (p=0.939) with cognitive function. This study concludes that no significant correlation was found between nutritional status, blood pressure, and total cholesterol levels with cognitive function in middle-aged individuals in Sedati Subdistrict, Sidoarjo.
Nutritional Status and Macronutrient Adequacy Are Associated with Increased Odds of PCOS in Women of Reproductive Age: A Case-Control Study Rohmah, Auliatur; Dini, Cleonara Yanuar
Indonesian Journal of Human Nutrition Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.ijhn.2025.012.02.9

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive endocrinological disorder that has been linked to nutritional status and macronutrient adequacy. PCOS affects between 12%-21% of women of reproductive age. This study aimed to analyze the associations between nutritional status and macronutrient adequacy (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) and the odds of PCOS among women of reproductive age. This case-control study was conducted on 196 women aged 15-49 years (48 case-group women with PCOS and 148 control-group healthy women). Macronutrient adequacy was assessed using the Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire over the last three months, and nutrition status was assessed using anthropometric measurements. In the case group, 60.4% of women were overweight, with excess carbohydrate and fat adequacy observed in 58.3% and 72.9%, respectively, while 43.8% had adequate protein. This study showed that overweight and obese (p = 0.000; OR = 2.95), carbohydrate adequacy (p = 0.001; OR = 3.87), and fat adequacy (p = 0.001; OR = 3.22) were significantly associated with PCOS, whereas protein adequacy (p = 0.060; OR = 0.96) was not. After adjustment for potential confounders using the Chi-Square test, protein adequacy remained non-significant. Nutritional status and macronutrient adequacy were associated with increased odds of PCOS among women of reproductive age.
Relationship of Nitrogen Balance and Stroke Patient Recovery: A Systematic Review Anshari, Zalfa Alya; Fuadiyah Nila Kurniasari; Fajar Ari Nugroho
Indonesian Journal of Human Nutrition Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.ijhn.2025.012.02.1

Abstract

Stroke is a major cerebrovascular disease and remains a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Many stroke patients experience dysphagia and hypercatabolism, which contribute to negative nitrogen balance and may slow the recovery process. Urine Urea Nitrogen (UUN) offers an accurate representation of metabolic status than serum albumin, thus it can be used as a valuable indicator in nutritional evaluation and nutritional intervention strategies. This systematic review examines the relationship between nitrogen balance and recovery in stroke patients and assesses the effectiveness of UUN in evaluating nutritional status. Literature searches were conducted in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases for articles published between 2015 and 2025 using the keywords Nitrogen Balance, Protein Metabolism, Stroke, UUN, Rehabilitation, and Protein Intake. From 370 identified references, 14 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies used observational designs (64.29%) and were conducted in the United States (42.86%). A narrative thematic synthesis was applied to the included studies. The results consistently showed that negative nitrogen balance was associated with delayed neurological recovery and longer hospitalization, while higher protein intake improved nitrogen balance and rehabilitation outcomes. Urine Urea Nitrogen (UUN) was found to be a more accurate metabolic indicator than albumin levels for guiding nutritional interventions.

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