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Global Medical and Health Communication
Published by Universitas Islam Bandung
ISSN : 23019123     EISSN : 24605441     DOI : https://doi.org/10.29313/gmhc
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Dentistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Nursing Public Health
Global Medical and Health Communication is a journal that publishes research articles on medical and health published every 4 (four) months (April, August, and December). Articles are original research that needs to be disseminated and written in English. Subjects suitable for publication include but are not limited to the following fields of anesthesiology and intensive care, biochemistry, biomolecular, cardiovascular, child health, dentistry, dermatology and venerology, endocrinology, environmental health, epidemiology, geriatric, hematology, histology, histopathology, immunology, internal medicine, nursing sciences, midwifery, nutrition, nutrition and metabolism, obstetrics and gynecology, occupational health, oncology, ophthalmology, oral biology, orthopedics and traumatology, otorhinolaryngology, pharmacology, pharmacy, preventive medicine, public health, pulmonology, radiology, and reproductive health.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 422 Documents
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Effect of Physical Activity and Vitamin D Status on Geriatrics Obesity Suryadinata, Rivan Virlando; Lorensia, Amelia; Tangkilisan, Elisabeth Carolina
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 7, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (611.51 KB) | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v7i1.2916

Abstract

Vitamin D levels in the body are decreased in tropical countries. This may be due to a decrease in physical activity, age and obesity to be a risk factor for decreased vitamin D levels. This study aims to determine differences in the level of physical activity in geriatrics obesity and non-obesity to vitamin D. This research method is observational with case-control study design. The study was conducted at Public Health Center Taman, Sidoarjo district, East Java in March–July 2017. Geriatric were grouped into 2 groups of obese and non-obese by using body mass index (BMI) calculations. Respondents were given a questionnaire to assess the level of physical activity and vitamin D status. Furthermore, an assessment of physical activity and vitamin D status were performed on each respondent. The first questionnaire was given to 30 people for the validity test (r>0.361) and reliability test (Cronbach alpha=0.731). The results showed no significant differences in physical activity levels between the two groups (chi-square, p=0.883). The assessment of vitamin D status can be seen as a significant difference (chi-square, p=o.o42). In conclusion, geriatrics with obesity and non-obesity had similar levels of physical activity, but vitamin D status in obesity tended to be lower than non-obese. PENGARUH AKTIVITAS FISIK DAN STATUS VITAMIN D TERHADAP OBESITAS GERIATRIKadar vitamin D dalam tubuh semakin menurun di negara yang beriklim tropis. Hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh penurunan aktivitas fisik, usia, dan obesitas menjadi faktor risiko penurunan kadar vitamin D. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perbedaan tingkat aktivitas fisik pada geriatri obesitas dan nonobesitas terhadap status vitamin D. Metode penelitian ini adalah observational dengan desain penelitian kasus kontrol. Penelitian dilakukan di Puskesmas Taman, Kabupaten Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur pada bulan Maret–Juli 2017. Responden geriatri dilakukan penimbangan berat badan dan pengukuran tinggi badan untuk dikelompokkan menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok obesitas dan nonobesitas dengan menggunakan perhitungan indeks massa tubuh (IMT). Responden diberikan kuesioner untuk menilai tingkat aktivitas fisik dan status vitamin D. Selanjutnya, dilakukan penilaian aktivitas fisik dan status vitamin D pada tiap-tiap responden. Kuesioner telah diberikan kepada 30 orang untuk dilakukan uji validitas (r>0,361) dan uji reliabilitas (Cronbach alfa=0,731). Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan tidak terdapat perbedaan tingkat aktivitas fisik yang signifikan antara kedua kelompok (chi-kuadrat, p=0,883). Pada penilaian status vitamin D dapat terlihat perbedaan yang signifikan (chi-kuadrat, p=0,042). Simpulan, geriatri dengan obesitas dan nonobesitas memiliki tingkat aktivitas fisik yang sama, sedangkan kadar vitamin D pada obesitas cenderung lebih rendah dibanding dengan nonobesitas.
Insidensi dan Karakteristik Hepatotoksisitas Obat Antituberkulosis pada Penderita Tuberkulosis dengan dan tanpa Infeksi HIV Agung Firmansyah Sumantri; Ali Djumhana; Rudi Wisaksana; Rachmat Sumantri
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 3, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1574.585 KB) | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v3i2.1548

Abstract

Salah satu penyulit dalam pengobatan tuberkulosis (TB) adalah hepatotoksisitas obat antituberkulosis (OAT). Pasien TB dengan infeksi human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) meningkatkan risiko kejadian hepatotoksisitas OAT. Hal ini menjadi tantangan dalam menghadapi pasien TB-HIV. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui insidensi dan karakteristik penderita hepatotoksisitas OAT pada TB dengan dan tanpa infeksi HIV. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian epidemiologi klinik yang bersifat deskriptif observasional. Penelitian dilaksanakan di ruang rawat jalan dan rawat inap RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin (RSHS) Bandung serta ruang rawat jalan RS Bungsu periode Juni–Oktober 2012. Terdapat 120 subjek terdiri atas 18 penderita dengan infeksi HIV dan 102 penderita tanpa infeksi HIV. Mayoritas usia penderita TB dengan infeksi HIV yaitu ≤35 tahun (17/18 penderita), laki-laki (12/18 penderita), indeks massa tubuh <18,5 kg/m2 (10/18 penderita), dan TB paru (16/18 penderita). Penderita TB dengan infeksi HIV yang mengalami hepatotoksisitas terhadap OAT lebih banyak daripada penderita TB tanpa infeksi HIV (9/18 vs 19/102 penderita). Insidensi hepatotoksisitas OAT sebesar 23,3%. Hepatotoksisitas OAT pada penderita TB dengan dan tanpa infeksi HIV terjadi pada 2 minggu pengobatan OAT dengan derajat ringan. Simpulan, insidensi hepatotoksisitas OAT pada penderita TB dengan infeksi HIV lebih tinggi daripada tanpa infeksi HIV. INCIDENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF HEPATOTOXICITY ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUGS IN TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT HIV INFECTIONHepatotoxicity is one of the complications in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Tuberculosis patient with HIV infection has higher risk in hepatotoxicity, and this is a clinical obstacle in dealing with TB-HIV treatment. The aims of this study were to find the incidence and characateristic of anti-tuberculosis hepatotoxicity in tuberculosis patients with and without HIV infection. A descriptive observational study was conducted in outpatient/inpatient RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin (RSHS) Bandung, and outpatient RS Bungsu period June–October 2012. There were 120 TB patients consisted of 18 patients with HIV and 102 patients without HIV. Most of TB patients with HIV occured in age ≤35 years (17/18 patients), male (12/18 patients), body mass index <18.5 kg/m2 (10/18 patients), and pulmonal TB (16/18 patients). TB patients with HIV had hepatotoxicity more than without HIV (9/18 vs 19/102 patients). The incidence of hepatotoxicity was 23.3%. Hepatotoxicity anti-tuberculosis drugs in TB patients with and without HIV infection mostly occured in second week therapy with mild degree. In conclusion, anti-tuberculosis hepatotoxicity is higher in TB patients co-infected with HIV than non-HIV infections.
Hubungan Self Assessment-Peer Assessment dengan Nilai Kelulusan OSCE Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Unisba Santun Bhekti Rahimah; Mia Kusmiati; Ermina Widyastuti
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 5, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (145.828 KB) | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v5i1.1856

Abstract

Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) adalah cara penilaian kompetensi klinik mahasiswa secara komprehensif dan konsisten serta dapat dijadikan media untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar. Feedback dapat dilakukan oleh mahasiswa itu sendiri (self assessment) maupun mahasiswa lain yang satu level (peer assessment). Self dan peer assessment diharapkan akan meningkatkan kemampuan mahasiswa dalam melihat tujuan pembelajaran, meningkatkan rasa percaya diri, kemampuan berpikir kritis, dan bertindak tepat dalam menghadapi ujian. Tujuan penelitian ini melihat hubungan self assessment dan peer assessment dengan nilai kelulusan OSCE mahasiswa tingkat dua dan empat FK Unisba tahun akademik 2012/2013. Nilai hasil ujian OSCE yang dipergunakan adalah pada periode Desember 2012–Juni 2013. Self dan peer assessment dilaksanakan setelah ujian OSCE. Self assessment dilakukan oleh mahasiswa itu sendiri, sedangkan peer assessment didapatkan dari lima orang mahasiswa lain yang pernah berada dalam satu kelompok dengan subjek. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan untuk mahasiswa tingkat dua terdapat korelasi bermakna self assessment dan peer assessment dengan nilai OSCE (p<0,001), arah hubungan antara keduanya positif, serta kekuatan hubungan keduanya sedang (R=0,426). Pada mahasiswa tingkat empat terdapat korelasi bermakna antara self assessment dan nilai OSCE (p<0,001) dengan kekuatan hubungan keduanya sedang (R=0,451), serta terdapat korelasi yang bermakna antara penilaian peer assessment dan nilai OSCE. Simpulan, self assessment mempunyai korelasi positif terhadap nilai kelulusan OSCE pada mahasiswa tingkat dua dan tingkat empat, sedangkan peer assessment mempunyai korelasi positif dengan nilai kelulusan OSCE hanya pada mahasiswa tingkat dua. Self assessment mempunyai korelasi positif dengan peer assessment pada mahasiswa tingkat dua dan tingkat empat FK Unisba tahun akademik 2012/2013.RELATION BETWEEN SELF ASSESSMENT-PEER ASSESSMENT AND OSCE'S RESULTS FROM MEDICAL STUDENTS OF UNISBAObjective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is a tools to assess  students clinical competency comprehensively and consistently. It can also used as medium to improve the learning process. Feedback for student performance can be done trough self-assessment or peer assessment done by other students. Self and peer assessment are expected to enhance the ability of students to see the purpose of learning, improve self-confidence, the ability to think critically and act right in an examination. The aim of this study was to find the relationship between self assessment and peer assessment of the OSCE final mark of second and fourth grade student at Medical Faculty, Bandung Islamic University academic year 2012/2013. The OSCE mark used were taken from December 2012–June 2013, while the self and peer assessment carried out after the OSCE finished. Self assessment were done by students themselves, while peer assessment obtained from five persons which have been in one group with subject. Results showed that for second grade student showed there was significant correlation between self-assessment and peer assessment and OSCE's mark value (p<0.001) with the direction of the relationship was positive and had moderate strength (R=0.426). Fourth grade students showed significant correlation only between self-assessment and OSCE's mark value (p<0.001) with moderate strength (R=0.451). There was no significant relation between the assessment of peer assessment and OSCE's mark value. In clonclusion, self assessment correlated positively to OSCE's mark value for second and fourth grade students. Peer assessment correlated positively to the passing scores for second grade student. Self assessment had a positive correlation to peer assessment for second and fourth grade medical students.
Penggunaan Aplikasi Sayang ke Buah Hati (SEHATI) terhadap Asupan Zat Gizi Anak dan Pengetahuan Ibu Menerapkan Konsumsi Aneka Ragam Makanan Gizi Seimbang pada Anak Sekolah Dasar Giyawati Yulilania Okinarum; Irvan Afriandi; Dida Akhmad Gurnida; Herry Herman; Herry Garna; Tono Djuwantono
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 5, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (369.938 KB) | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v5i3.2576

Abstract

Kesehatan dan gizi yang buruk pada anak usia sekolah dapat menghambat pertumbuhan fisik, perkembangan, dan kecerdasan. Konsumsi pangan masyarakat Indonesia belum sesuai dengan pesan gizi seimbang. Aplikasi Sayang ke Buah Hati (SEHATI) diharapkan dapat menjadi alat strategi promosi kesehatan untuk meningkatkan asupan zat gizi anak dan pengetahuan ibu menerapkan konsumsi aneka ragam makanan gizi seimbang. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis perbedaan asupan zat gizi anak dan pengetahuan ibu menerapkan konsumsi aneka ragam makanan gizi seimbang pada anak sekolah dasar sebelum dengan sesudah diterapkan aplikasi SEHATI. Periode penelitian 2–18 Maret 2017 di SDIT Jabal Nur Yogyakarta. Subjek adalah ibu yang memiliki anak usia sekolah dasar (8–12 tahun) dan anaknya yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Penelitian ini merupakan randomized controlled trial (RCT). Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak. Kelompok intervensi mendapatkan pemasangan aplikasi SEHATI dan kontrol diberikan pendidikan kesehatan, tiap-tiap kelompok terdiri atas 30 responden. Data diolah dengan uji nonparametrik, yaitu uji t berpasangan pada data yang berdistribusi normal dan uji Mann-Whitney pada data yang tidak berdistribusi normal. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna penggunaan aplikasi SEHATI terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan ibu pada kelompok intervensi (25,9%; p≤0,001), terjadi peningkatan skor asupan zat gizi anak pada kelompok intervensi yang bermakna, yaitu karbohidrat (13,8%; p=0,038) dan vitamin A (51,5%; p=0,005). Simpulan, terdapat perbedaan peningkatan asupan zat gizi dan pengetahuan ibu menerapkan konsumsi aneka ragam makanan gizi seimbang pada anak sekolah dasar sebelum dengan sesudah penggunaan aplikasi SEHATI.SAYANG KE BUAH HATI (SEHATI) APPLICATION USAGE ON CHILDREN NUTRIENT INTAKE AND MOTHERS’ KNOWLEDGE IN IMPLEMENTING NUTRITIONALLY BALANCED FOOD VARIETY AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDRENNutrient imbalance affects children growth and development. Sayang ke Buah Hati (SEHATI) was an application developed for health promotion strategies to increase children nutrient intake and mothers’ knowledge in implementing consumption on nutritionally balanced food variety. The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences of children nutrient intake and mothers’ knowledge in implementing consumption of a variety of nutritionally balanced food on primary school children before and after applying the SEHATI application. Subjects were 30 randomly selected mothers who have primary school age children (8−12 years) and their children. This study is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted on 2–18 of March 2017 in SDIT Jabal Nur Yogyakarta. The intervention group got the SEHATI application installed and health education. The data collected is processed by the paired t test on normally distributed data and Mann Whitney tests on data that are not normally distributed. Results showed significant increased knowledge of mothers in the intervention group significantly (25.9%, p≤0.001). Increased nutrients scores of children in the intervention group were carbohydrates (13.8%, p=0.038) and vitamin A (51.5%, p=0.005). In conclusions, there are differences of child nutrient intake and mothers’ knowledge in implementing consumption of a variety of nutritionally balanced food in primary school children before and after SEHATI application usage.
Hubungan Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) dengan Protein α-Sinuklein-Larut Air pada Batang Otak Tikus yang Diinduksi Rotenon Arief Budi Yulianti; Sony Heru Sumarsono; Ahmad Ridwan; Ayda T. Yusuf
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 3, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3179.146 KB) | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v3i2.1508

Abstract

Parkinson adalah salah satu penyakit neurodegeneratif dengan ganggunan gerak bila kematian neuron dopaminergik lebih dari 70%. Paparan neurotoksin diduga menjadi penyebab terjadinya Parkinson sporadik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan kondisi stres oksidatif pada batang otak tikus Wistar yang diinduksi rotenon. Metode penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan tikus Wistar jantan. Penelitian dilakukan di Sekolah Ilmu dan Teknologi Hayati (SITH) periode Januari 2011–November 2013. Variabel bebas yaitu kelompok tikus, lama perlakuan, waktu pengamatan, dan lokasi di batang otak. Variabel terikat yaitu konsentrasi superoxide dismutase (SOD), konsentrasi protein α-sinuklein-larut air, dan densitas reactive oxygen species (ROS). Densitas ROS berbeda secara signifikan antara kelompok perlakuan (p=0,029), waktu pengamatan (p=0,0001), dan lokasi di batang otak (p=0,001). Konsentrasi SOD tidak berbeda secara signifikan antarkelompok perlakuan (p=0,566), waktu pengamatan (p=0,441), dan lokasi di batang otak (p=0,091). Konsentrasi protein α-sinuklein-larut air berbeda secara signifikan antarkelompok perlakuan (p=0,001) dan waktu pengamatan (p=0,001), tetapi tidak berbeda secara signifikan pada lokasi di batang otak (p=0,625). Densitas ROS relatif tertinggi pada hari ke-10 dan ke-40. Sementara itu, konsentrasi SOD pada hari ke-10 dan ke-40 relatif rendah, sedangkan konsentrasi protein α-sinuklein-larut air pada hari ke-10 relatif tinggi dibanding dengan hari ke-40. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa stres oksidatif pada batang otak tikus Wistar yang diinduksi rotenon berpengaruh pada struktur protein α-sinuklein. THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (ROS), SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE (SOD), AND α-SYNUCLEIN PROTEIN-WATER SOLUBLE IN WISTAR RAT'S BRAINSTEM TREATED WITH ROTENONEParkinson is the neurodegenerative disease with movement disordered, if the dopaminergic neurons dead more than 70%. Neurotoxins exposure is predicted cause sporadic Parkinson. The research aim was to determine oxidative stress stage in the brainstems Wistar rat’s treated-rotenone. An experimental study using male Wistar rats. The study was held in School of Life Sciences and Technology during January 2011–November 2013. The independent variables: groups of rats, long treatment, observation time, and location in the brainstem. The dependent variables: superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentration, concentration of protein α-synuclein-water soluble, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) density. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) density significantly different among treatment groups (p=0.029), observation time (p=0.0001), and the location in the brainstem (p=0.001). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentrations were not significantly different among treatment groups (p=0.566), observation time (p=0.441), and the location in the brainstem (p=0.091). The concentration of protein α-synuclein-water soluble was significantly different among treatment groups (p=0,001) and observation time (p=0.001), but not significantly different at the location in the brainstem (p=0.625). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) density were relatively high at day 10 and 40. Meanwhile SOD concentration on day 10 and 40 are relatively low. The concentration of α-synuclein protein-water soluble on day 10 was relatively higher than on day 40. The conclution is oxidative stress in the brainstem Wistar rat’s treated-rotenone effected on the protein α-synuclein structure changes.
Pola Perubahan Transmisi Infeksi HIV di Jawa Barat Periode Tahun 2002–2012 Ridiani Prawitri; Tony S. Djajakusumah; Dicky Santosa
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 3, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2825.356 KB) | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v3i1.1541

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) adalah retrovirus yang termasuk golongan virus RNA yang menginfeksi sel sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia. Infeksi HIV masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di dunia dan dilaporkan terjadi pola perubahan transmisi infeksi HIV dari tahun ke tahun di negara tertentu. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis pola perubahan transmisi infeksi HIV di Jawa Barat pada periode tahun 2002 sampai 2012. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara observasional deskriptif dengan pendekatan retrospektif melalui data tersier berupa laporan pengidap infeksi HIV dan kasus AIDS yang diterima oleh Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Barat dari Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten/Kota dan Rumah Sakit di Jawa Barat pada tahun 2002 sampai dengan 2012. Penelitian dilakukan selama Desember 2013–Juli 2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola perubahan transmisi yang terjadi di Jawa Barat pada tahun 2002 sampai dengan tahun 2012. Jumlah kasus infeksi HIV melalui transmisi homoseksual yaitu 286 kasus, transmisi heteroseksual 1.519 kasus, jarum suntik 1.408 kasus, transmisi ibu ke anak 140 kasus, dan transfusi darah sebanyak 7 kasus. Terjadi perubahan pada tahun 2011 sampai dengan tahun 2012 yaitu peningkatan transmisi heteroseksual menggantikan posisi transmisi pengguna jarum suntik. Keadaan sempat menurunnya transmisi kasus infeksi HIV melalui jarum suntik di Jawa Barat karena penanggulangan pemerintah yang melakukan terapi rumatan metadon. Peningkatan transmisi heteroseksual yang terjadi dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor norma budaya, maraknya industri prostitusi, status ekonomi, dan pergaulan remaja muda hedonis yang terjadi di lingkungan masyarakat. CHANGES OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS IN WEST JAVA INDONESIA IN YEAR 2002–2012Human immunodeficiency virus is a class of retrovirus which has RNA carrying its molecular genetic that infects the human immune system cells. HIV infection has become global issue and has reported there has been pattern changes of HIV transmission in a certain country. The aim of the study was to describe and analyze the pattern changes of HIV transmission in West Java, Indonesia in year 2002 to 2012. The study was an observational descriptive study with retrospective approach using tertiary form of HIV infections and AIDS cases report which was accepted by Provincial Health Office of West Java from Health Office of District Municipality and Hospital in West Java in 2002 to 2012. The study was held in December 2013 to July 2014. The results showed there were pattern changes of HIV transmission in West Java in 2002 to 2012. There were 286 cases of HIV infection due to homosexual transmission, 1,519 cases due to heterosexuals, 1,408 cases due to injection drug users, 140 cases due to mother to child transmission, and 7 cases due to blood transfusion. There were pattern changes in 2011 until 2012 that injection drug users transmission replaced by heterosexual transmission which has had the highest number with HIV infection. Decreased of HIV infection rates caused by injection drug users could be caused by government policies to prevent HIV by using methadone therapies. The increased of heterosexual transmission could be caused by culture, prostitution industry, economic status, and hedonic teen promiscuity which has happened in community.
Akurasi Diagnostik Fibrosis Hati berdasarkan Rasio Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) dan Jumlah Trombosit Dibanding dengan Fibroscan pada Penderita Hepatitis B Kronik Frenky Jones; Juwita Sembiring; Lukman Hakim Zain
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 4, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (262.498 KB) | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v4i2.1875

Abstract

Hepatitis B kronik merupakan masalah global dan Indonesia termasuk negara yang memiliki prevalensi tinggi. Keterbatasan biopsi hati untuk mendiagnosis fibrosis hati karena invasif membangkitkan penelitian metode noninvasif. Dilakukan penelitian uji diagnostik potong lintang untuk mengetahui akurasi rasio red cell distribution width (RDW) terhadap jumlah trombosit untuk memprediksi derajat fibrosis hati penderita hepatitis B kronik. Terhadap subjek penelitian dilakukan pemeriksaan HBsAg, darah rutin, dan fibroscan di RSUP H. Adam Malik, Medan sejak Januari sampai Maret 2015. Nilai rasio RDW terhadap trombosit dihitung dari hasil pemeriksaan darah rutin. Derajat fibrosis hati dinilai berdasarkan hasil fibroscan dari skala F0–F4. Prosedur analisis adalah receiver operating characteritic (ROC) dan area under the curve (AUC). Dari 34 kasus, 20 orang termasuk kelompok fibrosis hati ringan-sedang (F≤2) dan 14 orang kelompok fibrosis berat (F>2). Nilai akurasi sebesar 72,3% (IK 95%:84,1–97%). Dengan nilai cut-off 0,0591 didapatkan sensitivitas 71,4%; spesifisitas 60%; nilai prediksi positif (NPP) 55,6%; nilai prediksi negatif (NPN) 75%; rasio kemungkinan positif (RKP) 1,79; dan rasio kemungkinan negatif (RKN) 0,48. Simpulan, rasio RDW terhadap jumlah trombosit mampu memprediksi derajat fibrosis hati penderita hepatitis B kronik dengan tingkat akurasi sedang (72,3%). DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF LIVER FIBROSIS BASED ON RED CELL DISTRIBUTION WIDTH (RDW) TO PLATELET COUNT WITH FIBROSCAN IN CHRONIC B HEPATITISChronic hepatitis B is a global problem and Indonesia has a high prevalence. Limitation of liver biopsy as an invasive method, initiates many studies on non invasive diagnosing method for liver fibrosis. The cross sectional study was conducted to determine the accuracy of red cell distribution width (RDW) to platelet count ratio (RPR) in predicting liver fibrosis degree in chronic hepatitis B. HBsAg, complete blood count, and fibroscan were examined in H. Adam Malik Hospital, Medan from January to March, 2015. RPR was calculated. The degree of liver fibrosis assessed by fibroscan on a scale of F0–F4. The accuracy was evaluated by constructing receiver operating characteritic (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC). From 34 cases, 20 subjects were in mild-moderate liver fibrosis (F≤2) and 14 subjects in severe liver fibrosis (F>2). The accuracy was 72.3% (95% CI: 84.1–97%) with a cut-off value 0.0591. Sensitivity was 71.4%, specificity 60%, positive predictive value (PPV) 55.6%, negative predictive value (NPV) 75%, positive predictive ratio (PPR) 1.79, and negative predictive ratio (NPR) was 0.48. RDW to platelet count ratio can predict liver fibrosis grade in chronic hepatitis B with a moderate degree of accuracy (72.3%).
Differences of Vital Lung Capacity and FEV1/FVC Ratio on Children in Urban and Rural Raden Ayu Tanzila; Milla Fadliya Bustan
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 6, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (618.614 KB) | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v6i2.3191

Abstract

Urban areas are places with high levels of air pollutant. This air pollution causes decreased lung function and obstruction in the respiratory tract. The absorption of dust particles and pollution is inhaled into the lungs through the respiratory mechanism. The entry of toxic material will react with the cells causing free radicals that will damage cells, especially in the respiratory system. This study was aimed to knowing the differences vital lung capacity and forced expiration volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) ratio in children in urban areas with high level pollution and in rural areas not exposed to pollution. This study was an observational analytic study, implemented in September–December 2016 with a total sample of 70 children consisting of 35 children in Palembang city and 35 children in Musi Rawas area. Data analysis to determine the differences of lung vital capacity and FEV1/FVC ratio in children in rural and urban with independent t test. The result showed that the average value of urban vital lung capacity in urban (1,205 mL) was lower than the mean value of vital lung capacity of children in rural (1,493 mL) and there was significant difference in the value of vital lung capacity in rural children and urban (p=0.004). The ratio of FEV1/FVC for children in urban areas (91.05%) was lower than the ratio of FEV1/FVC for children in rural (93.96%) as well as a significant difference in the ratio of FEV1/FVC in rural and urban children (p=0.001). In conclusion, the mean value of lung vital capacity and the ratio of FEV1/FVC of children in urban areas is lower than mean value of vital lung capacity of children in rural areas. PERBEDAAN KAPASITAS VITAL PARU DAN RASIO FEV1/FVC PADA ANAK DI PERKOTAAN DAN PEDESAANPerkotaan merupakan tempat dengan tingkat paparan polusi udara yang tinggi. Polusi udara ini menyebabkan penurunan fungsi paru-paru dan obstruksi pada saluran pernapasan. Absorpsi partikel debu dan polusi terhirup masuk paru-paru melalui mekanisme pernapasan. Masuknya bahan toksik ini akan bereaksi dengan sel sehingga menimbulkan radikal bebas yang akan merusak sel terutama pada sistem pernapasan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbedaan kapasitas vital paru dan rasio forced expiration volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) pada anak di perkotaan dengan tingkat polusi yang cukup tinggi dibanding dengan pedesaan yang tidak terpapar polusi. Penelitian merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dilaksanakan pada bulan September–Desember 2016 dengan jumlah sampel 60 orang terdiri atas 30 orang anak di Kota Palembang dan 30 anak di daerah Musi Rawas. Analisis data untuk mengetahui perbedaan kapasitas vital paru dan rasio FEV1/FVC pada anak di pedesaan dan perkotaan menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai rerata kapasitas vital paru anak di perkotaan (1.205 mL) lebih rendah daripada nilai rerata kapasitas vital paru anak di pedesaan (1.493 mL) dan didapatkan perbedaan bermakna nilai kapasitas vital paru antara anak di perkotaan dan pedesaan (p=0,004). Nilai rasio FEV1/FVC anak di perkotaan (91,05%) lebih rendah daripada rasio FEV1/FVC anak di pedesaan (93,96%) yang berbeda bermakna (p=0,001). Simpulan, nilai rerata kapasitas vital paru dan rasio FEV1/FVC anak di daerah perkotaan lebih rendah daripada nilai rerata kapasitas vital paru anak di daerah pedesaan.
Biji Cempedak (Artocarpus integrifolia) terhadap Aktivitas Fagositosis pada Mencit Jantan Galur Swiss Irma Rahmawati; Yani Triyani; Rika Nilapsari
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 2, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2587.225 KB) | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v2i2.1531

Abstract

Berdasarkan data World Health Organization (WHO) tahun 2008, dari 56 juta kematian, 21 juta kematian diakibatkan penyakit infeksi dan sisanya diakibatkan penyakit noninfeksi. Salah satu hal yang dapat ditingkatkan untuk mencegah penyakit yaitu dengan meningkatkan kemampuan sistem imun sel pejamu. Salah satu obat tradisional yang dapat meningkatkan sistem imun adalah biji cempedak (Artocarpus integrifolia). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menilai pengaruh ekstrak air biji cempedak terhadap peningkatan aktivitas fagositosis pada mencit jantan galur Swiss. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Departemen Farmakologi Klinik Unpad dan Laboratorium Biomedik I Fakultas Kedokteran Unisba. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan 24 ekor mencit jantan galur Swiss sebagai subjek penelitian yang dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok. Kelompok I diberi air dan makanan pelet, kelompok II diberi phosphat buffer saline (PBS) sebagai kontrol standar, kelompok III diberi produk imunomodulator sebagai kontrol positif, kelompok IV diberi prednison sebagai kontrol negatif, kelompok V diberi ekstrak air biji cempedak 500 μg/mL PBS dan kelompok VI diberi ekstrak air biji cempedak 1.000 μg/ mL PBS. Setiap kelompok diberikan perlakuan selama 7 hari. Pada hari terakhir, dilakukan pengukuran aktivitas fagositosis melalui uji bersihan karbon. Data dianalisis menggunakan one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan Posthoc test Tukey HSD. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa pemberian ekstrak air biji cempedak dosis 500 μg tidak memberikan pengaruh pada peningkatan aktivitas fagositosis, sedangkan dosis 1.000 μg memberikan efek penurunan aktivitas fagositosis. Hasil penelitian ini belum dapat membuktikan efek ekstrak air biji cempedak sebagai imunostimulan. CEMPEDAK SEEDS (ARTOCARPUS INTEGRIFOLIA) TO PHAGOCYTIC ACTIVITY IN MALE MICE SWISS STRAINAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2008, from 56 million deaths, 21 million deaths caused by infectious and the remnant caused by non infectious diseases. One of the things that could be improved to prevent the disease is to improve the ability of the immune system of the host cell. One of the traditional medicines that can enhance the immune system is cempedak seeds (Artocarpus integrifolia). The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of the aqueous extract of the cempedak seeds to increase phagocytic activity in male mice Swiss strain. This study was held at Laboratory of Department Clinical Pharmacology Unpad and Laboratory Biomedic I Unisba. This was an experimental study with 24 Swiss strains male mice divided into 6 groups. Group I was given water and pellets, group II was given phosphat buffer saline (PBS) as a control standard, group III was given immunomodulatory product as a positive control, group IV was given prednisone as a negative control, group V was given aqueous extract of cempedak seeds 500 μg/mL PBS and group VI was given aqueous extract of cempedak seeds 1,000 μg/mL PBS. Each group received the treatment for 7 days. On the last day, we measured phagocytic activity by carbon clearance test. The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by posthoc test Tukey HSD. The result of this study showed that the aqueous extract of cempedak seeds of 500 μg did not give effect to an increase in phagocytic activity while the dose of 1,000 μg decreased phagocytic activity. The results cannot prove the effect of aqueous extract of cempedak seeds as immunostimulants.
Efek Larvasida Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pandan Wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) terhadap Larva Nyamuk Culex sp. Regina Putri; Teresa Liliana Wargasetia; Susy Tjahjani
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 5, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (167.123 KB) | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v5i2.2117

Abstract

Salah satu cara pemberantasan nyamuk Culex yang merupakan vektor beberapa penyakit antara lain filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, dan West Nile virus ialah dengan larvasida. Larvasida berbahan kimia (temephos) memiliki efek samping berbahaya bagi kesehatan dan lingkungan. Oleh sebab itu, dilakukan penelitian penggunaan daun pandan wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) sebagai larvasida alami. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui apakah ekstrak etanol daun pandan wangi memiliki efek larvasida alami terhadap larva Culex sp. Penelitian dilakukan di Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Kristen Maranatha pada Februari–Juli 2016. Desain penelitian bersifat eksperimental laboratorik dengan metode rancangan acak lengkap. Efek larvasida ekstrak daun pandan wangi (EDPW) diuji terhadap 6 kelompok perlakuan (n=30, r=4) larva Culex sp. Kelompok I (EDPW 4%), II (EDPW 2%), III (EDPW 1%), IV (EDPW 0,5%), V (temephos sebagai kontrol positif), dan VI (akuades sebagai kontrol negatif). Data yang diambil ialah jumlah larva mati setelah pemberian bahan uji selama 24 jam. Analisis data dengan ANAVA dan uji Tukey HSD dengan nilai α=0,01. Hasil penelitian berupa persentase larva mati pada kelompok I (96,67%), II (79,17%), III (50%), dan IV (17,5%) menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan (p≤0,01) terhadap kelompok VI (1,67%). Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan (p>0,01) antara kelompok I dan V (100%). Simpulan, EDPW berefek sebagai larvasida terhadap larva nyamuk Culex sp dan EDPW 4% memiliki potensi setara dengan temephos.LARVICIDE EFFECT OF FRAGNANT PANDAN LEAVES ETHANOL EXTRACT (PANDANUS AMARYLLIFOLIUS ROXB.) AGAINTS CULEX SP. MOSQUITO LARVAEOne way to eradicate Culex mosquitoes that are vector for several diseases such as filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, and West Nile virus is with larvicide. Larvicide made from chemical (temephos) have harmful side effects to health and environment. Therefore research of fragnant pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) as natural larvicide was conducted. This study aims to find out whether fragnant pandan leaves ethanol extract has natural larvicide effect against Culex sp. larvae. The study was conducted at Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University in February to July 2016. This study design was laboratoric experimental with complete randomized design. Larvicidal effect of fragnant pandan leaves extract (FPLE) was tested against 6 groups (n=30, r=4) Culex larvae. Group I (FPLE 4%), II (FPLE 2%), III (FPLE 1%), IV (0,5%), V (temephos as a positive control), and VI (aquadest as a negative control). The taken data was the number of larvae that died after administration of the substance for 24 hours. Data was analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey HSD test using α=0,01. The results of the study were the percentage of dead larvae in group I (96,67%), II (79,17%), III (50%), and IV (17,5%) showed a significant difference (p≤0,01) to group VI (1,67%). There were no significant difference (p>0,01) between group I and group V (100%). The conclusion of this study is there was an effect of FPLE as larvicide against Culex mosquito larvae and FPLE 4% had equivalent potential to temephos.

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