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SPEKTRUM Jurnal Ilmu Politik Hubungan Internasional
Published by Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang
ISSN : 18296580     EISSN : 28095642     DOI : 10.31942/spektrum.v19i1
Core Subject : Social,
Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences
Spectrum aims to publish scientific articles that focus on the development of thought, theory, and research covering issues of international relations and politics at large.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Politik dan Hubungan Internasional
Articles 102 Documents
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BALANCE OF POWER NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION POLICY NORTH KOREA ACCORDING TO KENNET WALTZ'S NEOREALISM PERSPECTIVE Mas'adi, Anwar; Abdullahi, Mohammad Syauqi; Nur, Sirojudin Ibn; Hanani, Beryl Labiq
Spektrum Vol 21, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/spektrum.v21i2.10330

Abstract

Abstract            Nuclear weapons, since their emergence in 1945, have become a global cause for concern. In the realm of international politics, two primary viewpoints have arisen. Firstly, there is the perspective that supports nuclear proliferation, asserting that every nation's freedom to possess nuclear weapons can create global stability. Secondly, there is the viewpoint that opposes proliferation, with the belief that the possession of nuclear weapons should be restricted to prevent an arms race and nuclear warfare. In this context, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) emerged in 1970 with the goal of preventing the spread of nuclear weapons and promoting the peaceful use of nuclear energy. While many countries, including the five nuclear-armed states, have joined the NPT, North Korea became a member in 1985 but later withdrew in 2003. North Korea, with its nuclear policy, has stirred international tensions. They view nuclear weapons as a tool to safeguard their sovereignty and maintain their presence in international politics. From a neorealism perspective, the concept of the balance of power becomes relevant, with concerted efforts to balance power as a means to achieve power equilibrium and prevent the dominance of superpowers. North Korea conducted a series of nuclear tests from 2006 to 2017, resulting in strong reactions from the international community, including sanctions imposed by the United Nations. North Korea believes that nuclear weapons will provide them with significant leverage and protect their sovereignty. In the context of North Korea's nuclear proliferation, the neorealism approach and the concept of balance of power offer insights into the dynamics, their influence on other nations, the responses of the international community, and their impact on global stability.Keywords: Proliferation, Nuclear, North Korea, Neorealism 
THE DYNAMICS OF BANGLADESH-US RELATIONS: DOES US FOREIGN POLICY FOCUS ON DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS OR GEOPOLITICAL INTERESTS? Datta, Sujit Kumar
Spektrum Vol 21, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/spektrum.v21i1.9940

Abstract

The bilateral relationship between Bangladesh and the United States has undergone significant shifts over the years, shaped by complex interactions between democratic ideals, human rights concerns, and geopolitical interests. This study examines the multifaceted dynamics of Bangladesh-US relations, focusing on analyzing the extent to which US foreign policy prioritizes democracy, human rights, and geopolitical considerations. The study draws upon a comprehensive literature review of scholarly works, official documents, and expert analyses related to the historical context and critical milestones in Bangladesh-US relations. The present study employs a mixed-methods technique to incorporate qualitative data, which contributes to a comprehensive comprehension of the intricate aspects that shape United States foreign policy choices concerning Bangladesh. Using case studies and examining policy initiatives, this analysis assesses the concrete results of democracy and human rights measures, elucidating their influence on the bilateral relationship. Furthermore, the research explores the role of geopolitical considerations in shaping US engagement with Bangladesh. This analysis aims to evaluate the tangible outcomes of democracy and human rights measures by employing case studies and analyzing policy efforts. Through this approach, the study seeks to shed light on the impact of these measures on the bilateral relationship. This report provides a comprehensive overview of the Bangladesh-US relationship, seeking to establish whether the US foreign policy strikes a delicate balance between promoting democracy and human rights while addressing its geopolitical interests.
EVALUATING THE AGENCY OF UNITED NATIONS FORUM ON FORESTS IN HALTING DEFORESTATION Raharjo, Wahyu Arif; Fridiyanti, Yulita Nilam; Setiawan, Zudi
Spektrum Vol 21, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/spektrum.v21i1.10492

Abstract

The recent decrease in deforestation suggests a success in global effort of halting it, yet the question on in the agency of United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF) remains. Do these changes occur due to UNFF’s facilitation? To examine this, this paper utilizes Principal-Agent theory proposed by Hawkins et al., (2006) to explore UNFF’s autonomy and discretion and its role in halting deforestation. It will first analyse the historical and relational foundation of UNFF as an international organization (IOs) and then define the meaning of ‘problem-solved’ in terms of forest issue. It will then evaluate policy instruments and powers that UNFF holds using Martha & Finnemore’s argument on the power of IOs. This paper argues that UNFF is serving as a forum for global forestry governance. It faces challenges due to differing national interests, limited discretion and significant role of NGOs in influencing discussions and advocating for sustainable forest management. Tensions persists between developed and developing nations in forestry issue, thus UNFF plays the role of collaboration and coordinating agents through Collaborative Partnership on Forest (CPF). It possesses limited role as arbitrating and enforcing agent due to Non-Legally Binding Instruments (NLBI) preferences of member states. However, UNFF possesses the power in terms of diffusing norms accepted by members, that halting deforestation is non-negotiable.
KETERLIBATAN GLOBAL FUND DALAM MENANGANI HIV/AIDS DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2018-2020 Rasydah, Rasydah; Pasan, Etha
Spektrum Vol 21, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/spektrum.v21i2.10554

Abstract

Keamanan dalam konteks hubungan internasional tidak hanya mencakup ancaman militer, melainkan juga mencangkup bentuk keamanan non-tradisional, termasuk aspek kesehatan. HIV/AIDS menjadi penyakit menular yang sangat mengkhawatirkan, karena menyebabkan tingginya angka kematian di Indonesia setiap tahunnya. Untuk mencapai keamanan manusia bagi masyarakat Indonesia, diperlukan upaya intensif dalam menangani permasalahan HIV/AIDS. Oleh karena itu, Indonesia bermitra bersama Global Fund untuk mendukung penanganan penyakit HIV/AIDS. Kemitraan ini berlangsung pada periode 2018-2020 dan dikenal sebagai New Funding Model continuation (NFMc). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Global Fund terlibat secara aktif dalam penanggulangan HIV/AIDS di Indonesia dengan memberikan dana hibah, merancang kebijakan, dan berkolaborasi dengan Organisasi Masyarakat Sipil (OMS). Kata kunci: Global Fund, HIV/AIDS, Indonesia, New Funding Model continuation (NFMc) 2018-2020
NORMS, IDENTITY AND INDONESIA’S RESPONSES TO THE MYANMAR CONFLICT : A CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH TO FOREIGN POLICE Azizah, Hikmatul; Fortuna, Jeny; Najuba, Viki Zulva; Masadi, Anwar
Spektrum Vol 21, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/spektrum.v21i1.10036

Abstract

This research aims to provide information related to Indonesia's norms, identity and response to the Myanmar conflict. The discussion will focus on the causes and role of Indonesia. Indonesia has an interest in this conflict, apart from the 1945 Constitution in maintaining world peace, the issue of this conflict is also within the Southeast Asian region which if not resolved quickly will affect regional security. The problem of Rohingya refugees in surrounding countries will become a new problem for the region, including Indonesia. The number of Rohingyas killed and displaced due to this conflict until 2019 has always shown a significant increase. This research uses a descriptive qualitative research model approach based on constructivism theory in analyzing problems empirically. . This theory emphasizes that state identity is shaped by values and norms that exist in structural (international norms) and subsystemic (local norms) areas.  The qualitative approach used in this research is a type of literature study whose data sources are analyzed from books and journals related to research on the Indonesian government's diplomacy efforts in mediating humanitarian conflicts in Myanmar. The findings of this study indicate that Indonesia through its diplomatic relations will not remain silent to see this conflict drag on.Keywords: Indonesian Response, Myanmar Conflict, Constructivism, Diplomacy 
STRATEGI WASHOKU DALAM GASTRODIPLOMASI JEPANG DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 Hanika, Waradhiya Puji; Trihartono, Agus; Albayumi, Fuat
Spektrum Vol 21, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/spektrum.v21i2.11673

Abstract

Gastrodiplomasi Washoku berhasil membuat makanan tradisional Jepang semakin populer di luar negeri dan berpengaruh pada perkembangan industri pariwisata Jepang. Namun pandemi COVID-19 membuat gastrodiplomasi Washoku mengalami hambatan. Meskipun begitu minat masyarakat internasional terhadap Japanese Food dan permintaan produk makanan dietary Washoku Jepang mengalami peningkatan yang stabil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi Jepang dalam mempromosikan Washoku sebagai bagian dari diplomasi Jepang di masa pandemi COVID-19. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yakni metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan ata sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi gastrodiplomasi yang dilakukan oleh Jepang untuk Washoku pada masa pandemi menggunakan strategi yang sejalan dengan kerangka soft power Jepang yakni Cool Japan. Adapun strategi khusus yang digunakan untuk memperkenalkan Washoku ada lima yakni strategi festival makanan dan edukasi, strategi media, strategi dengan menggunakan opini pemimpin dan strategi pemasaran produk.Kata Kunci: Washoku, Gastrodiplomasi, Jepang
ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN WATER ACT MASA PM KEVIN RUDD TERHADAP SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN AUSTRALIA Kinanti, Citra Aftika; Hartati, Anna Yulia
Spektrum Vol 21, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/spektrum.v21i2.11473

Abstract

Isu mengenai lingkungan secara global memberikan pengaruh besar terhadap tatanan beberapa aspek dunia, khususnya bagi sistem pemerintah Australia yang secara tidak langsung terdampak. Dimana, Australia sebagai negara dengan luas wilayah benua yang memiliki ekosistem beragam, secara khusus memioliki regulasi mengenai lingkungan yang beragam. Adapun hal tersebut dapat dilihat antara lain seperti kebijakan “Water Act” pada masa pemerintahan Perdana Metri Kevin Rudd. Dimana, Watre Act dianggap memiliki beberapa kemungkinan sebagai salah satu cara penanganan kondisi dari lingkungan di Australia. Pada masa Kevin Rudd dengan latar belakang partai buruh yang memiliki kecenderungan atas kepentingan lingkungan yang cukup menghasilkan beberapa respon dan langkah mengenai isu lingkungan.
SEKURITISASI KEHADIRAN TIONGKOK DI KAWASAN INDO-PASIFIK OLEH AMERIKA SERIKAT MELALUI ALIANSI KEAMANAN QUAD & AUKUS Purwanto, Adi Joko
Spektrum Vol 21, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/spektrum.v21i1.9970

Abstract

Tulisan ini secara umum akan membahas rivalitas Amerika Serikat dan Tiongkok dengan memfokuskan pada pandangan Amerika Serikat terhadap kehadiran dan pengaruh Tiongkok di Kawasan Asia pasifik yang di persepsikan sebagai sebuah ancaman,serta respon Amerika Serikat yang melakukan Kerjasama aliansi keamanan dengan beberapa negara di Kawasan ini melalui QUAD & AUKUS. Tulisan ini membahas fenomena tersebut dengan menggunakan aliran konstruktivisme dalam studi keamanan internasional yang dikenal dengan The Copenhagen School melalui dua konsep yang popular dalam studi keamanan internasional yaitu securitization & regional security complex.Tulisan ini mencoba memberikan sudut pandang lain dalam membaca fenomena rivalitas Amerika Serikat dan Tiongkok dengan tujuan mampu membaca secara komprehensif fenomena tersebut.
PENGARUH PERSONAL BRANDING PRABOWO SUBIANTO TERHADAP INTENSI MEMILIH GEN Z DI PEMILU 2024 Syaharani Putri, Zam Zahira Azka Diva; Fridiyanti, Yulita Nilam
Spektrum Vol 21, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/spektrum.v21i2.11709

Abstract

Di era teknologi yang semakin maju, berkampanye tidak lagi memerlukan biaya yang besar, karena media online seperti media sosial dan media massa sudah bisa dimanfaatkan. Aturan penyelenggaraan kampanye pemilu melalui media sosial telah diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 dan Peraturan KPU Nomor 15 Tahun 2023. Peraturan ini telah menyederhanakan kampanye dan mengurangi biaya bagi aktor politik, sehingga mereka dapat menjangkau khalayak yang lebih luas dibandingkan dengan biasanya. Media. Penelitian ini berfokus pada keberhasilan kampanye Prabowo Subianto, calon presiden pada tahun 2024, yang memanfaatkan TikTok untuk menarik demografi Gen Z. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dampak personal branding Prabowo Subianto terhadap niat memilih Gen Z pada pemilu 2024. Melalui pendekatan tinjauan literatur kualitatif dan analisis konten, data dikumpulkan dari sumber primer dan sekunder, termasuk platform media sosial seperti TikTok. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan personal branding yang strategis oleh Prabowo Subianto di TikTok secara signifikan mempengaruhi niat memilih Gen Z pada pemilu 2024. Namun, penting untuk memantau dan mengatur kampanye media sosial untuk mencegah konsekuensi negatif seperti polarisasi dan serangan pribadi terhadap lawan politik. Secara keseluruhan, kesuksesan branding Prabowo Subianto di TikTok menunjukkan penggunaan media digital yang strategis dan efektif dalam mempengaruhi pemilih Gen Z. Studi ini memberikan kontribusi wawasan berharga untuk memahami personal branding dan strategi kampanye dalam lanskap politik.
STRATEGI KAMPANYE POLITIK DICO GANINDUTO - WINDU SUKO BASUKI PADA PEMILIHAN KEPALA DAERAH KABUPATEN KENDAL TAHUN 2020 Alistya, Laona Azka; Nuh, Muhammad
Spektrum Vol 21, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/spektrum.v21i2.11833

Abstract

This research examines the political campaign strategies implemented by the candidate pair for Regent and Deputy Regent, Dico Ganinduto and Windu Suko Basuki, in the 2020 Kendal Regency regional head election (Pilkada). The aim of this research is to analyze the campaign tactics and methods used and their impact to the election results. The research method used is literature with a case study approach, observation and document analysis. The research results show that this candidate pair used social media effectively, took a personal approach to voters, and ran a campaign based on local issues that were relevant to the needs of the people of Kendal. A structured communication strategy and the use of a professional campaign team also played an important role in the success of their campaign. This study provides insight into the importance of adaptive and innovative strategies in winning political contestations at the regional level. Keywords: Campaign Strategy, Politics, Regional ElectionsAbstrakPenelitian ini mengkaji strategi kampanye politik yang diterapkan oleh pasangan calon Bupati dan Wakil Bupati, Dico Ganinduto dan Windu Suko Basuki, dalam pemilihan kepala daerah (Pilkada) Kabupaten Kendal tahun 2020. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis taktik dan metode kampanye yang digunakan serta dampaknya terhadap hasil pemilihan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah literatur dengan pendekatan studi kasus, observasi, dan analisis dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pasangan calon ini memanfaatkan media sosial secara efektif, melakukan pendekatan personal kepada pemilih, serta menjalankan kampanye berbasis isu lokal yang relevan dengan kebutuhan masyarakat Kendal. Strategi komunikasi yang terstruktur dan penggunaan tim kampanye yang profesional juga berperan penting dalam keberhasilan kampanye mereka. Studi ini memberikan wawasan mengenai pentingnya strategi yang adaptif dan inovatif dalam memenangkan kontestasi politik di tingkat daerah. Kata Kunci: Strategi Kampanye, Politik, Pilkada

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