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Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
BIOLOGY, MEDICINE, & NATURAL PRODUCT CHEMISTRY, this journal is published to attract and disseminate innovative and expert findings in the fields of plant, animal, and microorganism secondary metabolite, and also the effect of natural product on biological system as a reference source for researchers in these fields, and with the aim to set international standards in their methodology.
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Articles 51 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 12, No 1 (2023)" : 51 Documents clear
The Association Between Some Endocrine Conditions and COVID-19: A Review Harem Othman Smail
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 12, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.45-53

Abstract

The review aimed to understand and explain the association between some major endocrine conditions and COVID-19. Since March 2019, COVID-19 has been identified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) and has infected millions of individuals worldwide. According to the literature review, endocrine disorders include diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and thyroid. The development and progress of COVID-19 patients could be affected but not yet approved by all the studies. In diabetes mellitus, COVID-19 may affect cytokines and increase releases of IL-1, IL-6, and complications caused by diabetes. In obese patients, there was an increased risk of progressing to severe COVID-19. Because of the international spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, clinicians should pay special attention to obese patients who should be monitored closely with timely and aggressive care. COVID-19 pathophysiology and risk in a high incidence of hypertension has been found in patients with COVID-19 and can be studied in many kinds of studies, such as in China. However, hypertension is considered one of the most significant risk factors for COVID-19. In addition to the above data on associations between COVID-19 and endocrine disorders, data on thyroid function or thyroid disease in COVID-19 is not yet available and cannot be commonly reported.
Acute Toxicity LD50 Fraction Ethyl Acetate Aquilaria malaccensis, Ficus benjamina, Mikania micrantha, and Fraction Water Cinnamomum burmanii in Mus Musculus Rizky Yulion; Santi Perawati; Barmi Hartesi; Lia Anggresani; Lili Andriani; Lesra Indriani; Lara Syahila; Suci Ramadani; Nadia Monika
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 12, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.55-60

Abstract

Research on the acute toxicity of LD50 had been carried out on the ethyl acetate fraction of Gaharu leaves (Aquilaria malaccensis), beringin leaves (Ficus benjamina), sembung rambat leaves (Mikania micrantha), and kayu manis cortex (Cinnamomum burmanii) water fraction the base of use as traditional treatment by the Suku Anak Dalam (SAD) empirically obtained from ancestors. This research methodwas experimental and it used male and female mice. The control group was given a 1% NaCMC doses of 625 mg/kg body weight, 1,250 mg/kg body weight, 2,500 mg/kg body weight, and 5,000 mg/kg body weight. The test preparation was administered orally once per day. The Thomson-Weil method was used for the measurement of LD50 values. The weight ratio of organs was applied for heart, liver, lungs, kidneys, and stomach. The results showed that the LD50 value for male mice was 2454mg/kg body weight; 2454mg/kg body weight; 1546 mg/kg body weight and 2065mg/kg body weight respectfully. The LD50 value for female mice was a pseudo LD50. The value of the organ weight ratio in each sample showed P<0.05 values that were obtained in gaharu leaves in the liver and kidney organs (male); heart in females. Beringin leaves value P<0.05 lung organs (male). Sembung rambat leaves P<0.05 values of the heart, liver, and stomach organs (male); heart and stomach (female). Cinnamomum cortex value P<0.05 liver and stomach organs (male). The conclusions showed that the LD50 value of the ethyl acetate fraction of gaharu leaf, sembung rambat leaf, beringin leaf, and kayu manis cortex in male mice was slightly toxic, while in female mice it could not be counted.
Proximate Composition, Levels of Some Essential Mineral Elements and Anti-Nutritional Components of Some Yam Species Found in Minna, Niger State Godfrey, Eneogwe Okechukwu; Esther, Ibrahim Izihyi; Faith, Obuye
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 12, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.9-16

Abstract

Samples of Dioscorea dumenturom, Dioscorea rotundata and Dioscorea cayenensis were investigated for their proximate composition, anti-nutritional and mineral contents using standard analytical methods. These varieties of Dioscorea analysed showed a significant difference (P≤0.05) amongst them. However, from the results, it was observed that Dioscorea rotundata had the highest ash (8.05±0.05 %) and crude fibre content (13.11±0.10 %) which indicates that it contains more mineral stuffing and is best for softening of stool. Dioscorea cayenensis had the highest fat content (16.31±0.30 %), indicating that it is a better source of calories than other yam species analysed. Dioscorea dumenturom had the lowest moisture content (3.51±0.01 %) as well as the highest crude protein (12.29±0.01 %) and carbohydrates (69.04±0.10 %) than other yam species analysed, indicating its longer shelf-life, high bodybuilding capacity and better source of energy than other yam species analysed. The anti-nutritional constituent of alkaloid and tannin were lowest in Dioscorea cayenensis while Dioscorea rotundata had the least cyanide, phytate and oxalate content. This implies that these particular yams are safer for consumption. The elemental analysis in mg/100g indicated that the yam species contained appreciable levels of essential minerals, with Dioscorea dumenturom having the highest sodium, calcium, iron, potassium, phosphorous and magnesium concentration of 32.05±0.07 mg/100g,190.57±0.01mg/100g, 5.98±0.03 mg/100g, 80.12±0.17 mg/100g, 237.10±0.48 mg/100g and 100.22±0.03 mg/100g respectively. All these mineral concentrations exist within the permissible limit of WHO and hence indicate that the yam species can serve as a good source of minerals.
Synthesis, Characterization and Activity Test of Natural Zirconium Zeolite (Zr-ZA) Catalyst in The Esterification Reaction of Glycerol with Acetic Acid Anhydride Didik Krisdiyanto; Tutik Farihah; Hikmah Supriyati
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 12, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.61-67

Abstract

Synthesis of Zr-ZA catalystused as catalyst for esterification reaction of glycerol with acetic acid anhydrous has been done. Catalysts are characterized using an infrared spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction, and measurement of surface acidity, while reaction products are characterized using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. Effect of catalyst acidity, reaction time and re-addition of acetic acid anhydrous studied by glycerol conversion and selectivity value of triacetin were yielded. Infra-red spectrophotometer and X-ray diffraction analysis of the catalyst showed that the synthesized catalyst was zirconium zeolite (Zr-ZA), while esterification analysis using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer showed a triacetin product.
The Effect of Pumpkin Fruit Ripeness (Cucurbita moschata. D) on Total Flavonoid Levels and Antioxidant Activity Astutik, Linda; Yanti, Eka Fitri
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 12, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.17-23

Abstract

Pumpkin fruit (Cucurbita moschata. D) belongs the Cucurbitaceae family which is a functional vegetable widely distributed in Indonesia because it has nutritional value and health benefits. This study aims to determine the value of total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity in the ethanol extract of unripe, mature and ripened pumpkin. Simplicia powder was extracted by maceration method using 96% solvent. Testing the total flavonoid content with the addition of AlCl3 at a wavelength of 425 nm and the antioxidant activity test was carried out using DPPH (1-1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) as a free radical with a maximum wavelength of 515 nm using microplate reader. The results of the study concluded that the ethanolic extract of pumpkin flesh had a total flavonoid content of 0,146 mgQE/100g in unripe fruit, 0,221 mgQE/100g in mature pumpkin, 0,191 mgQE/100g in ripened pumpkin. The antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of unripe, mature, and ripened pumpkin fruit obtained was not active or did not completely reduce free radicals.
Combined Anthocleista vogelii and Alstonia boonei Stem Barks Extract Alleviates Hyperlipidaemia and Renal Malfunctions in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia-Induced Rats Robert Ikechukwu Uroko; Mercylyn Ezinne Uche; Paul Chukwuemaka Nweje-Anyalowu; Ikenna Obiwuru; Chinedu Aguwamba; Chinomso Friday Aaron
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 12, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.69-78

Abstract

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a urological disease prevalent among the ageing male population, which impairs the quality of life, including hyperlipidaemia and a decline in renal functions. Combining Anthocleista vogelii and Alstonia boonei stem bark extract has effectively managed BPH and its associated complications. This study evaluated the effects of a combined Anthocleista vogelii and Alstonia boonei stem bark extract (CAASBE) on the lipid profile and renal functions of rats induced benign prostatic hyperplasia with testosterone propionate injection. The study comprised five treatment groups, with groups 1 5 being the normal control, BPH control, standard control, BPH+200 mg/kg CAASBE, and BPH+400 mg/kg CAASBE, respectively. BPH was induced in the groups 2 4 rats by subcutaneous administration of testosterone propionate injection (5 mg/kg) for 28 days, and treatment with Finasteride and CAASBE were administered orally. The BPH control rats exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the total serum cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TAG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), urea, creatinine and significant (p < 0.05) decline in the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) compared to the normal control. Conversely, treatment of the BPH rats with 200 and 400 mg/kg of CAASBE significantly (p < 0.05) reversed the altered total serum cholesterol, TAG, LDL-C, HDL-C, urea and creatinine to normal levels comparable to that of the normal control and standard control respectively. These findings show that CAASBE alleviates hyperlipidaemia and renal malfunctions in the BPH rats suggesting it could be effective in managing BPH complication.
Antioxidative Stress and Hepatoprotective Activities of Leaf Extract and Fractions of Setaria megaphylla in Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice Ndanti Bartholomew William; Augustine Lawrence Bassey; John Akpan Udobang; Jude Efiom Okokon
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 12, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.25-32

Abstract

Setaria megaphylla (Steud) Dur & Schinz (Poaceae), a perennial grass used traditionally in the treatment of various diseases such as malaria was, investigated for antioxidative stress activity in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. The leaf extract (200-600 mg/kg) and fractions (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol; 400 mg/kg) of S. megaphylla were investigated for antioxidative stress and hepatoprotective activities in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice using a modified suppressive test model. Antioxidative stress and hepatoprotective potentials were assessed by determining oxidative stress markers levels, liver function indices and histopathology of liver. The extract/fractions progressively reduced parasitaemia induced by chloroquine-sensitive P. berghei infection with the methanol fraction exerting the highest activity. The leaf extract and fractions caused significant (p<0.05 0.001) increases in the levels of oxidative stress markers enzymes and molecules (SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH) and also reduced MDA level significantly (p<0.05) in the livers of the treated-infected mice. The extract/fractions treatment caused reduction in liver enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP), total and conjugated bilirubin. Histology of livers revealed absence or significant reductions in pathological features in the treated infected mice compared to untreated infected mice. The leaf of S. megaphylla may possess antioxidative stress and hepatoprotective effects which may in part be mediated through the chemical constituents of the plant.
Preliminary Investigative Study on the Blood Pressure-Lowering Potential of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Simarouba glauca (AESG) on Normotensive Adult Wistar Rats Osagie-Eweka, Sammy Davies E.; Orhue, Noghayin E. J.; Amaechina, Fabian C.; Omogbai, Eric K. I.; Moke, Emuesiri Goodies
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 12, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.1-4

Abstract

Studies have shown that plants possess medicinal properties and compounds are beneficial in managing and treating diseases, including high blood pressure and related cardiovascular conditions. Simarouba glauca (SG) has been widely reported to possess antibacterial activity, anti-oxidant, anti-proliferative and hemolytic activity; amongst others. However, there is paucity of data on its effect on blood pressure. Hence, the study research aimed at assessing the hypotensive prospect inherent in the aqueous leaf extract of Simarouba glauca (AESG) on normotensive male Wistar rats. The study was conducted using adult male Wistar rats (n = 3), a urethane/thiopental (1205/20 mg/kg) anesthesia and a chart paper attached to Ugo Basile Uni-recorder Model 400700 data capsule. Under full anesthesia, the rat’s trachea and the carotid artery were cannulated for assisted respiration and blood pressure measurement. At stable variables; following the administration of 0.2 mL normal saline, the AESG was administered intravenously via the caudal vein at 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg body weight dose respectively. The data was recorded on a chart; indicated the characteristic dose-dependent hypotensive effect of AESG on normotensive rats; at doses of 2.5 mg/kg and 5.0 mg/kg, with marked decreases in the systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) from basal levels of 127.83 ± 1.01 mmHg, 91.00 ± 1.00 mm Hg and 103.27 ± 0.99 mm Hg respectively. The outcome of the preliminary investigation indicates that the AESG demonstrated a hypotensive effect on the BP of normotensive male Wistar rats dependent on varying doses administered; indicative of further evaluation.
Spermicidal, Antifertility and Contraceptive Effect of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Seed Extract in Female and Male Wistar Rats MacDonald Idu; Sharon Ogedegbe-George; Precious Eromosele Oriarewo; Benjamin Ogunma Gabriel
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 12, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.79-88

Abstract

This study investigates the spermicidal and contraceptive effect of Azadirachta indica seed aqueous extract in male and female Wistar rats. The animals were divided into four groups (n=6), graded doses (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg) of the extract. They were exposed to female rats in a ratio of 2:1 after 24 hours, 7, and 14 days of administration. The spermicidal properties were evaluated. The female contraceptive study involved 14 days of pre-coital and post-coital administration of the neem seed extract, and contraceptive indexes were investigated. The results obtained from the spermicidal activity showed a significant decrease in male hormonal levels at 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg of A. indica (0.73, 0.50, and 1.08 ng/ml); and the sperm cells (102.5, 111.5, and 97 counts) after 24 hours. Administration and mating, compared to the control. Also, the histopathology of the testes showed normal testicles. The contraceptive study elicited a significant decrease in estrogen (1.46 ng/ml), luteinizing hormone (0.094 mg/dl) and progesterone (1.82 ng/ml), at 5 mg/kg in day 14 post-coital study compared with the control. The histopathology of the treated uterus had no deteriorating effect compared with the control. The extract elicited spermicidal and contraceptive potential at a reduced dose, validating its folklore claim.
Solanum anomalum Leaf Extract and Fractions Attenuate Oxidative Stress and Liver Injuries in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats Idongesit Charles Etuk; John Akpan Udobang; Nwakaego Omonigho Ebong; Jude Efiom Okokon
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 12, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.33-44

Abstract

The leaf of Solanum anomalum used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of various ailments such as diabetes was evaluated for antioxidative stress and hepatoprotective potentials against hepatic injuries in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Antioxidative stress and hepatoprotective activities of leaf extract and fractions (70-210 mg/kg) were assessed by determining oxidative stress markers levels, liver function indices and histopathological study of livers of treated rats. The leaf extract and fractions caused significant (p<0.05 0.001) increases in the levels of oxidative stress markers (SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH) in the livers of the treated diabetic rats. The extract/fractions treatment caused reduction in liver enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP), total and direct bilirubin. Histology of the livers revealed absence or significant reductions in pathological features in the treated diabetic rats compared to untreated diabetic rats. The results show that the leaf extract and fractions of S. anomalum has antioxidative stress and hepatoprotective potentials which may be due to the antioxidant activities of their phytochemical constituents.

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