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Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
BIOLOGY, MEDICINE, & NATURAL PRODUCT CHEMISTRY, this journal is published to attract and disseminate innovative and expert findings in the fields of plant, animal, and microorganism secondary metabolite, and also the effect of natural product on biological system as a reference source for researchers in these fields, and with the aim to set international standards in their methodology.
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Articles 78 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 14, No 1 (2025)" : 78 Documents clear
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR) Correlation to Middle Ear Disorders Murdiyo, Mohammad Dwijo; Kurniadi, Melody Audria
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.315-321

Abstract

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a condition where the reflux of gastric contents reaches the laryngopharynx. Several studies have learned that LPR can cause disturbances in the organs around the larynx pharynx and one of the organs affected is the ear. LPR complications in the middle ear can reduce the quality of life of sufferers. Appropriate diagnostic methods are needed to provide appropriate therapy for this complication. To analyze the relationship between Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR) and middle ear disorders. This study was an analytic observational study using a purposive sampling approach where the assessment of correlation tests between variables was tested with SPSS. Results: Demographic data of LPR patients are dominated by female gender (56%) with an age range of 19 - 59 years (80%). The maximum Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) score in LPR patients is 33 and the maximum Reflux Finding Score (RFS) score in LPR patients is 25. An abnormal Tympanogram Width (Tw) picture was found in 64% of LPR patients. Abnormal compliance picture was found in 36% of patients with LPR and abnormal middle ear pressure picture occurred in 12% of patients with LPR. Abnormal middle ear disorders were found in 88% of patients with LPR. Correlation test assessment between RSI score and Tw parameter and correlation between RFS score and middle ear pressure. There was a positive correlation between LPR and middle ear disorders. There is a positive correlation between LPR and middle ear disorders.
The Improvement of Heart Histopathology of Hypercholesterolemic Mice using Sidempuan Salacca (Salacca sumatrana) Vinegar Atifah, Yusni; Az zahra, Firda; Helendra, Helendra; Lubis, Jalilah Azizah; Afrilliana, Friska
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.161-166

Abstract

Hypercholesterolemic, a condition characterized by excess cholesterol content, can lead to coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, and high-risk heart tissue degeneration. Current drugs, like simvastatin and pravastatin, focus on lowering cholesterol levels without addressing tissue degeneration. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of sidempuan salacca vinegar in improving cardiac tissue degeneration in hypercholesterolemic mice. The experimental research involved two groups, the treatment group given different doses of sidempuan salacca vinegar and the control group. Histopathological observations showed improvement in cardiac tissue degeneration in hypercholesterolemic mice after treatment with salacca vinegar. The administration of salacca vinegar could serve as a reference for developing alternative hypercholesterolemic drugs that address both cholesterol levels and heart degeneration.
In Silico Analysis of Ocimum Basilicum Flavonoids as Natural Antihypertensive Agent on Angiotensin II Type-1 Receptor (AT1R) Thalib, Amir; Damayanti, Irma Putri
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.275-282

Abstract

Despite the efficacy of antihypertensive medications like ARBs, their adverse effects frequently result in suboptimal adherence. This study investigates the efficacy of flavonoids obtained from herbal sources as natural substitutes for traditional antihypertensive therapies. This study employed in silico molecular docking to examine the binding affinity of flavonoids to the angiotensin II type-1 receptor (AT1R) in comparison to standard angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), namely Eprosartan, Azilsartan, Irbesartan, Telmisartan, Valsartan, Losartan, Olmesartan, and Candesartan. Docking analysis indicated that the flavonoids exhibited a favorable binding affinity of -8.8 kcal/mol for AT1R. Moreover, ADME and toxicity assessments indicated that flavonoids exhibit advantageous pharmacokinetics and minimal toxicity, with no significant adverse interactions anticipated with primary metabolic enzymes. The structural validation, encompassing Ramachandran plots and ERRAT analysis, affirmed the reliability of the modeled AT1R protein, achieving a quality score of 97.13%. This study concludes that flavonoids derived from Ocimum basilicum exhibit significant potential as natural antihypertensive agents. These findings may facilitate the development of plant-based therapies with minimal adverse effects, enhance treatment adherence, and improve the pharmacological options for managing hypertension.
Optimization of Total Polyphenol Content In Herbal Tea Formula Bay Leaves, Cinnamon, and Black Tea Raharjo, Sentot Joko; Azizah, Devita Nur; Yusuf, Ayu Ristamaya
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.113-122

Abstract

Polyphenols are one of the secondary metabolites found in bay leaves, cinnamon and black tea. This mixture is formulated for therapy, one of which is chronic degenerative diseases, such as hypertension. This research aims to optimize the formulation of bay leaves, cinnamon and black tea on total polyphenol levels. This research method includes: determining the polyphenol content of the three simplices, designing the formulation design, determining the optimization of the total polyphenol content of the 14 formulations and the conformation of the selected formula using Design Expert 13. The results of the research obtained the total polyphenol content of bay leaves (49.36 mg GAE/g), cinnamon (61.36 mg GAE/g), and black tea (61.73 mg GAE/g). Optimization of the highest polyphenol content was 58.419 mg GAE/g. The optimal formula conformation consisted of 1 gram of bay leaves, 8 grams of cinnamon and 1 gram of black tea, resulting in a polyphenol content of 59.63 mg GAE/g. The conclusion of this research is the optimization of the highest polyphenol content of 58.419 mg GAE/g with a formulation composition of Bay Leaves 10%, of Cinnamon 80%, and of Black Tea 10%.
In Vivo Evaluation of Antidepressant Potential of Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorriza Robb.) Ethanol Extract in Mus musculus Virgilius, Raja David; Limbong, Zest Lively; Ginting, Jericho L.
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.239-242

Abstract

Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb.) is a medicinal plant from the Zingiberceae family widely used in Indonesia for its various bioactives, including antiviral, antibacterial, and hepatoprotective properties. This research aims to evaluate the antidepressant potential of Curcuma xanthorriza ethanol extract in Mus musculus through in vivo testing. The extraction used the maceration method with 96% ethanol as a solvent, yielding 5.2504% extract. The primary bioactive compounds identified in the extract were terpenoids and curcuminoids, which are known for their neuroprotective and antidepressant effects. The antidepressant activity was assessed using the tail-suspension test (TST) and forced-swimming test (FST), with immobility time as the main parameter. Amitriptyline, a standard antidepressant, was used as a positive control, while sodium carboxymethylcellulose served as a negative control. The results showed that increasing doses of Curcuma xanthorriza extract significantly reduced immobility time, indicating an antidepressant-like effect. Statistical analysis revealed that the immobility time in mice treated with a 650 mg/Kg BW dose of Curcuma xanthorriza extract was not significantly different from the amitriptyline group, suggesting comparable efficacy. These findings highlight the potential of Curcuma xanthorriza ethanol extract as a natural antidepressant, warranting further investigation into its mechanisms and clinical applications.
Potential Effect of Orthosiphon aristatus Leaf Extract in Improving Collagen 1 Alpha 1 Expression in Hyperglycemia-Induced Rats Aisyah, Riandini; Risanti, Erika Diana; Jatmiko, Safari Wahyu; Asfarina, Fatin
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.357-361

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus involves many mechanisms, the collagen metabolism pathway with very complex interactions and its regulation can contribute to the development of diabetes complications. The collagen 1 alpha 1  (COL1A1) gene plays an important role in the diabetes melitus pathway in adipose tissue by regulating adipocyte function, insulin resistance, and glucose metabolism. COL1A1 expression  is positively correlated with insulin resistance and negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity and is identified as a potential therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes. The cat's whisker plant (Ortosiphon aristatus) pharmacologically has hypoglycemic activity and increases insulin expression. This study aims to observe the potential of cat whisker leaf extract (Ortosiphon aristatus) in increasing the expression of the COL1A1 gene and is protective against increased blood sugar levels in  hyperglycemia-induced Rattus norvegicus. The experimental design with pretest and posttest controlled group design was carried out by dividing 18 test animals into six groups of non-diabetic negative control, diabetic negative control, metformin as positive control, doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kgBW. Induction of hyperglycemia with streptozotocin 65 mg/kgBW and nicotinamide 230 mg/kgBW peritoneal injection. The extract treatment is given for 14 days. Blood sugar level measurements were carried out at the treatment’s beginning and end. Adipose tissue was taken to examine COL1A1 gene expression by real time PCR technique by calculating the ratio of the cycle of tresh-hold COL1A1 to the internal ?-actin gene. The results of Kruskall Wallis test showed no significant difference in COL1A1 gene expression between groups and the Spearmen correlation test showed no relationship between blood sugar levels and COL1A1 gene expression (p>0.05). There was a decrease in blood sugar levels before and after treatment for all treatment groups.
The Effect of Angkak Addition Towards DPPH Antioxidant Activity and Yields in Mixed Angkak-Red Ginger Extracts Christy, Clarissa; Nugraha, Fajar; Fahrurroji, Andhi; Anastasia, Desy Siska
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.73-82

Abstract

Angkak and red ginger, which represents West Borneo’s Chinese ethnic group’s herbal cooking, were studied to produce antioxidant activity through shogaol along with monacolin K and respond to DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) test. This research aims to combine the two ingredients into extracts and observe how they affect the yields and IC50 value. Methods were started with the extraction of both materials in a variety of simplicia powder weights using 800 rpm stirring speed at 60°C for 120 minutes. The extracts were then tested for percentage yield (%), Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), and half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value. IBM SPSS Statistics 25 analysis was also carried out at the end for yields and IC50 values data. Results showed that the angkak addition affected the IC50 value without giving any significant impact on each yield amount (p-value>0,05). Increased angkak in the variations led to the IC50 values decrease, ranging from 122.996 ppm (Mix 1) to 225.399 ppm (Mix 3). Angkak’s pigments and red ginger’s polyphenol compounds which provide antioxidant ability were found to occupy Mix extracts based on the TLC profile. In conclusion, angkak decreased the DPPH antioxidant activity of its extract combination with red ginger, but did not affect the yield percentage.
Utilization of Eco-Friendly Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Wastewater Treatment Barau, Saminu Hamman; Abaka, AbdulAzeez Mumsiri; Saidu, Suleiman Alhaji; Bakari, Jameelah
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.205-210

Abstract

This study investigates the potential of green-synthesized Iron II Oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles for remediating wastewater from River Benue, Nigeria, focusing on removing lead (Ld) pollutants. The nanoparticles were synthesized using Annona squamosa leaf extract, offering an eco-friendly alternative to conventional remediation methods. The wastewater sample, collected from River Benue in Jimeta-Yola, was analyzed using FT-IR, SEM, and atomic absorption spectroscopy. FT-IR analysis identified functional groups like alcohol O-H and conjugated alkene C=C, confirming the role of plant metabolites in nanoparticle synthesis and stabilization. SEM imaging revealed cubical Fe2O3 nanoparticle sizes ranging from 25 to 34 nm, stabilized by the plant extract. The remediation process tested varying nanoparticle concentrations (100, 500, 1000, and 1500 ppm) and contact times (60, 120, and 180 minutes) at pH 8.90 and 21.33 K. The highest adsorption efficiency was observed at 1500 ppm over 180 minutes, reducing lead levels from 0.69 mg/L to 0.02 mg/L due to increased chelating sites. Lower concentrations (1000, 500, and 100 ppm) also demonstrated significant adsorption, with lead levels dropping to 0.21, 0.32, and 0.50 mg/L, respectively. The study highlights the advantages of Fe2O3 nanoparticles, including simplicity, rapid production, environmental safety, and a high surface area for effective pollutant adsorption. This green synthesis approach is more sustainable and operationally simpler than tradisional methods, avoiding the environmental risks associated with conventional techniques. The findings suggest that Fe2O3 nanoparticle is promise for efficient and sustainable wastewater purification, offering a viable alternative to existing water treatment technologies. This research underscores the potential of eco-friendly nanomaterials in addressing heavy metal pollution, particularly in developing regions.
Isolation and Characterization of Constituents from The Extracts of Momordica angustisepala Aerial Parts Hamid, Abdulmumeen Amao; Egharevba, Godshelp Osas; Issa, Shuab Bolaji; Olalere, Oluwafeyikemi Mercy; Akinloye, Bukunmi Temitope; Yakub, Yakub Tunde
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.323-326

Abstract

N-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Momordica angustisepala were screened for the presence of metabolites, using column and thin-layer chromatographic techniques. Octadecane (1), tetradec-5-enoic acid (2), 1,2,3-propanetriyl (8Z,11’Z,14”Z)tris(-8,11,14-eicostrienoate) (3), methyl oleana-5,12,15-trienoate-3β-acetate (4) and 1,2,3-propanetriyl (9Z,12’Z,15”Z)tris(-9,12,15-uneicostrienooate) (5) are the compounds obtained from the extracts of M. angustisepala aerial parts using proton and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR).
Identification and Screening of Enzymatic Activity of Degrading Fungi Microplastics in Three Final Processing Sites (TPA) in the Province Lampung Oktaviyani, Sari; Kamelia, Marlina; Ulmillah, Aulia
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.167-176

Abstract

One of the main causes of problems in the Final Processing Site (TPA) of Lampung Province is the increasing pile of plastic waste produced by human activities. This can be a source of microplastic pollution and is dangerous if it settles in the body of organisms. Fungi can be an alternative to help the natural biodegradation process reduce microplastic pollution in the soil ecosystem. This study aims to identify and characterize fungal isolates that can degrade microplastics in the Final Processing Site (TPA) of Lampung Province. The sampling method was purposive sampling. The growing colonies were identified by observing the clear zone, then characterized morphologically. Data analysis using qualitative descriptive methods and measuring the clear zone index. This study successfully identified 13 fungal isolates that showed clear zone areas. Four isolates (Ba1.2, Ba2.5, Bu3.4, Ka2.3) could degrade three types of microplastics. The highest clear zone: Bu3.4 for PET (2,00 mm), Ka2.4 for PE (1,50 mm), and Ba2.3 and Ba2.5 for PP (1,25 mm). Identification and morphological characterization showed 8 isolates belonging to the genus Aspergillus, 3 isolates of Penicillium, 1 isolate of Fusarium, and 1 isolate of Sclerotium. Degradation occurs through hyphal adhesion and secretion of polymer-degrading enzymes.

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