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Pharmacon
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
ISSN : 14114283     EISSN : 26855062     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia is a collection of publication journals, covering all aspects of Pharmaceutical sciences, including Technology of Formulations, Excipients Optimization, Extract and Herbal Standardizations, Pharmacological activity determination on natural sources, Drug Synthesize and Development, Molecular Biology, Antibiotic Screening, Metabolite Profiling and Quantification, Clinical Pharmacy, Health and Environmental issues, published by Faculty of Pharmacy, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. We look forward to working with pharmaceutical community of researchers as we are intended to serve as a major resource for pharmaceutical information.
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Articles 11 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 20, No 1 (2023)" : 11 Documents clear
Combination of Ketepeng Cina (Cassia alata Linn) And Lidah Buaya Buaya (Aloe vera) As Antibacterial Agent Against Staphylococcus aureus And Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cita Hanif Muflihah; Az Zahra Miftahul Husna; Aminah Fitriana Hamka
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 20, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v20i1.22304

Abstract

Infection is one of the biggest health problems in Indonesia. Infection can be caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Treatment with antibiotics is the primary choice to manage infections caused by bacteria. Previous research showed that many plants have been tested for their antibacterial activity such as ketepeng cina (Cassia alata) and lidah buaya (Aloe vera). Cassia alata and Aloe vera alkaloids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, saponins, tannins contain similar active compounds as antimicrobials. Based on this, the purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of the combination of methanol extracts of C. alata and A. vera against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa bacteria. The antibacterial activity test was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer method. The single extract of C. alata and A. vera had the greatest antibacterial activity against S. aureus at a concentration of 10 mg/disk with zones of inhibition of 29.5±0.7 mm and 21.5±1.4 mm, respectively. The single antibacterial activity test of both extracts against P. aeruginosa bacteria showed no inhibition zone. The test results showed that the combination of 10 mg/disk C. alata methanol extract and 10 mg/disk Aloe vera could inhibit the growth of S. aureus with an average inhibition zone of 30.75±1.7 mm. However, the lower ratio of both extracts resulted in a likely antagonistic effect against S. aureus. Phytochemical screening tests showed that these two extracts had the same compounds, namely phenolics, flavonoids, anthraquinones. Contact bioautography showed that mainly phenolics, flavonoids, and anthraquinones were responsible in the antibacterial properties.
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Kombinasi Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) dan Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera L) dengan Metode DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrayl) Galih Samodra; Nurul Fitri Alfathani; Peppy Octaviani
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 20, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v20i1.22293

Abstract

Kersen leaves and Moringa leaves are natural sources of antioxidants that can prevent oxidative damage to the body due to free radicals. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of a single form and a combination of cherry leaf extract and Moringa leaf in fighting free radicals. The antioxidant activity test in this study used the DPPH method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil). The results showed that ethanol extracts of single forms of cherry leaves and Moringa leaves have very strong antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 8.04 ppm and strong 68.40 ppm. The combination with a ratio of 2:1 obtained the lowest IC50 value, which is 6.35 ppm. It can be concluded that the highest antioxidant activity is found in the combination of ethanol extract of cherry leaves and Moringa leaves in a ratio of 2:1, with IC50 smaller than the single form. 
Keragaman dan Resistensi Antibiotik Isolat Bakteri Tanah di Dalam dan Luar TPU Bonoloyo, Surakarta Jawa Tengah Yusnita Rahmawati; Triastuti Rahayu; Erma Musbita Tyastuti; Yasir Sidiq
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 20, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v20i1.22572

Abstract

A cemetery acts as an active decomposition site and contains bacteria which most likely have antibiotic resistance. However, related data to the phenomenon is limited. This study aimed to compare the diversity of bacteria inside and outside the cemetery and examine bacterial antibiotic resistance. First, samples were collected from three different spots inside and outside the Bonoloyo public cemetery in Surakarta, Central Java. Then, the bacteria were isolated by spread plate method on NA medium and were observed using Gram staining after 48 hours of incubation. Also, bacterial resistance against cefepime, bacitracine, and ampicilin were examined. As the results, bacterial populations inside and outside the cemetery area are 3.4x106 and 4.6x106 CFU/gram, respectively, with a diversity of 38% and 34%, while 28% of isolates are collected from both areas. The result of morphological observation showed that 15 and 21 isolates are respectively round and irregular, white to yellow colour with raised (16 isolates) and flat (19 isolates) elevation. Gram staining showed 48 isolates are coccus and 2 are bacilli, with 23 isolates of Gram negative and 27 isolates of Gram positive. Bacterial isolates showed resistance against cefepime (50%-50%)  and against bacitracine (52%-43%) each from both areas of the cemetery, while resistance against ampicilin was relatively low (33%-21%). The number of bacterial populations and bacterial diversity inside and outside the cemetery area are not significantly different. In fact, the resistance of the soil bacteria population collected from cemetery soil are higher than that collected from soil outside the cemetery.
Formulasi Gel Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Pandan Wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) Menggunakan Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose(HPMC) dan Uji Aktivitas terhadap Staphylococcus aureus Febriana Eka Valentina; Dwi Saryanti
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 20, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v20i1.18328

Abstract

The content of flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins in fragrant pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) can be antibacterial to inhibit the growth of microorganisms on the skin. The extract obtained from fragrant pandan leaves (DPW) is processed into a gel, with the consideration that the gel adheres well, does not block skin pores, is easily rinsed with water and has very good absorption. The purpose of this study was to determine the HPMC content as a gelling agent so as to obtain an antibacterial gel preparation of DPW extract with the best physical quality and antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus (SA). The  DPW ethanol 96% extract gel made from 2%, 3%, 4% HPMC was tested for the physical stability of the gel stored at room temperature for 21 days which included evaluation of organoleptic, homogeneity, degree of acidity, viscosity, spreadability, adhesion. Gel activity against SA was carried out using the well method. Antibacterial gel from DPW extract using 2% HPMC concentration has the best physical quality compared to DPW extract gel with other HPMC concentrations. Antibacterial gel from DPW extract with 2% HPMC concentration in gel form, dark green color, pandan aroma, homogeneous and uniform, pH 6 ± 0, pH is not harmful to skin, viscosity 325 ± 0 dPa.s, spreadability 7.5 gcm /s , adhesion 15.17 ± 0.00 seconds, antibacterial activity against SA with an inhibition zone of 27.26 ± 25.30 mm was classified as very strong. The result of preparations were stable for 21 days.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Aloe vera in Wound Healing Asti Arum Sari; Reza Rahmawati
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 20, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v20i1.22312

Abstract

People have used Aloe vera for a variety of traditional medical applications. A. vera has been proven in numerous studies to play a key function in wound healing. Although there are many reviews on this topic, bibliometric analysis is not found in the literature. This study uses bibliometric analysis to evaluate the influence and relevance of the countries, journals, organizations, and authors that have made the most contributions to this topic. Scopus database was used to gather bibliographic data on relevant studies. A total of 417 published articles between 1981 and 2023 were selected. VOSviewer version 1.6.18 was used to conduct a bibliometric analysis of these papers. On the topic of A. vera as a wound healing agent, Tehran University of Medical Science from Thailand was the most productive institution and Journal of Ethnopharmacology was the most productive journal. India was the most productive and collaborative country. The spotlight of the recent papers was the use of biotechnology techniques and drug-delivery strategies of A. vera in wound healing. Developing formulation using various drug-delivery methods followed by in vivo preclinical and clinical studies of this particular topic were potential to be explored.
Vol 20, No 1 (2023) Arifah Sri Wahyuni
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 20, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v20i1.22887

Abstract

Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Prevalensi Swamedikasi Sebelum dan Selama Wabah Covid 19 Studi pada Tenaga Kefarmasian di Provinsi Jawa Tengah Fildza Huwaina Fathnin; Arifin Santoso; Indriyati Hadi Sulistyaningrum; Rina Dwi Lestari
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 20, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v20i1.20110

Abstract

The rate of self-medication among pharmacist is currently very high, which can lead treatment failure and even be dangerous. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors related to self-medication before and during the COVID-19 outbreak by Health Workers in Central Java. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors related to self-medication before and during the COVID-19 outbreak by pharmacists in Central Java. In addition, it also evaluates the prevalence of self-medication from the perspective of pharmacists before and during the COVID-19 outbreak, identifies general conditions of self-medication before and during the COVID-19 outbreak, investigates sociodemographic characteristics and health patterns related to self-medication by pharmacists in Java. Middle. This type of research is non-experimental using a cross-sectional design. The samples taken were pharmacist in Central Java. Sampling by snowball sampling method and obtained as many as 82 respondents. The results showed the factors that significantly influenced self-medication were age (p=0.05), the willingness or plans of the pharmacists themselves to carry out self-medication (p=0.000), pandemic conditions (p=0.023), and encouragement from other people (p=0.023). p=0.001). While the most dominating factor is the plan to continue self-medication (Sig.B=18.424).). There was a significant difference between the prevalence before and during the Covid-19 pandemic (p=0.007). The conclusion in this study is the Covid-19 pandemic has increased the prevalence rate of self-medication.
Uji Aktivitas Wound Healing Ekstrak Etanol Buah Averrhoa bilimbiL. (Belimbing Wuluh) pada Mencit Putih Jantan (Mus musculus) Rahmayati Rusnedy; Mira Febrina; Cindy Patika Sari
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 20, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v20i1.22677

Abstract

Wound healing is a complex process, delays in wound healing increase the chances of infection, improper healing, and unpleasant scarring. Belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) fruit contains various active compounds that are beneficial to health and have the potential to be used as medicinal preparations for treating wounds. In this test, incisions were made on the skin of the mice's back area using a scalpel 1 cm long and 0.3 cm deep. Observation of the length of the incision was carried out every day for 12 days using a caliper. Significant wound healing activity was observed from administration of 10% concentration of ethanol extract of belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) fruit which contains chemical compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins and triterpenoids as well as minerals, one of which is zinc and Vitamin C is also proven to help speed up the healing process of incisions with a percentage of wound healing on day 12, which is 100%, the same percentage value as the group of test animals given Povidone Iodine 10% (Betadine®) as a comparator drug. The presence of zinc (zinc) and vitamin C in the extract of star fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi L.), is predicted to also contribute to the wound healing process in this test.
Faktor – Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Komplikasi pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Tista Ayu Fortuna; Hidayah Karuniawati; Desti Purnamasari; Devi Etivia Purlinda
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 20, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v20i1.21877

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disease characterized by hyperglycemia and disturbances in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins associated with absolute or relative deficiencies of insulin action and or secretion. The main problem for DM sufferers is that more than 50% of diabetic patients do not know about the disease and its complications, so patients will return to the hospital with high blood glucose levels accompanied by various complications. The study aims to determine the factors that can cause complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. This research is a non-experimental study with a cross-sectional approach. The data were analyzed using SPSS with a Chi-square or Kruskal-Wallis and multivariate logistic regression test. Body mass index and duration of diabetes are significantly associated with the incidence of complications (p-value 0.05). Patients with an abnormal body mass index are 4.184x more at risk of complications than patients with a normal body mass index (RR 4.184 CI 1.581 – 11.070). In addition, patients with diabetes duration ≥5 years were 4.121 times more at risk of complications than patients with diabetes durations 5 years (RR 4.121 CI 1.570 – 10.816). The most common complication suffered by diabetic patients in this study was hypertension in 46 patients (41%), and the most common therapeutic regimen received by patients was oral hypoglycemia in 50 patients (52%). 
Immunomodulatory Activity of Kasumba Turate (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Extract Against Non-Specific and Specific Immune Responses in Mice Arini Fadhilah; Anisa Dwi Parwati; Cita Hanif Muflihah; Arifah Sri Wahyuni
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 20, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v20i1.22629

Abstract

Immunomodulators are compounds that can regulate the immune system with the objective of normalizing or helping to optimize the immune system. People tend to back to nature by utilizing various plants to be used as medicine, one of which is kasumba turate (Carthamus tinctorius L.) which is thought to be efficacious as an immunomodulator in increasing the activity and capacity of macrophages. This study aims to determine the immunomodulatory activity of kasumba turate ethanol (CTEE) extract against non-specific and specific immune responses in mice. Non-specific immune response tests using the carbon clearance method were carried out on mice with 3 dose ratings. Specific immune response tests were carried out by the hemagglutination test method to determine antibody titers. The results of the carbon clearance test showed that the CTEE dose 50 mg/KgBW was a moderate immunostimulant with a phagocytic index of 1.41, while doses of 100 and 200 mg/KgBW were strong immunostimulants with phagocytic index of 1.57 and 1.82 respectively. While the results of the hemagglutination test method, the antibody titers value is determined from the highest serum dilution value that still indicates hemagglutination. The results show an increase in humoral immune response with the highest primary and secondary antibody titer values of 1:256 and 1:1024 for doses of 100 mg/KgBW, and 1:512 and 1:1024 for doses of 200 mg/KgBW. Phytochemical screening results of CTEE proved to contain alkaloid group compounds, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and triterpenoids. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the administration of CTEE showed immunostimulant activity.

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