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Pharmacon
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
ISSN : 14114283     EISSN : 26855062     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia is a collection of publication journals, covering all aspects of Pharmaceutical sciences, including Technology of Formulations, Excipients Optimization, Extract and Herbal Standardizations, Pharmacological activity determination on natural sources, Drug Synthesize and Development, Molecular Biology, Antibiotic Screening, Metabolite Profiling and Quantification, Clinical Pharmacy, Health and Environmental issues, published by Faculty of Pharmacy, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. We look forward to working with pharmaceutical community of researchers as we are intended to serve as a major resource for pharmaceutical information.
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Articles 345 Documents
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Identifikasi Kandungan Hidrokuinon pada Krim Pemutih yang Beredar di Pasar Tradisional Wilayah Kabupaten Banjarnegara Sabtanti Harimurti; Ika Sevi Deriyanti; Hari Widada; Pinasti Utami
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 18, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v18i01.12984

Abstract

Cosmetics that are sold in the market are in great demand by many women. The type of cosmetics that is often used is a whitening cream. This cream can provide a whitening effect on facial skin so that it can increase self-confidence. One of the ingredients that have skin whitening properties and is often added to whitening creams is hydroquinone. This material has the effect of inhibiting the formation of melanin so that it can whiten the skin. The use of hydroquinone without medical supervision is not allowed because it can have negative effects such as allergies, skin redness, and a burning feeling. In this paper, we will report the identification results of the hydroquinone content in the whitening cream which is not a distribution license number from the BPOM (Indonesia Food and Drug Supervisory Agency) which is marketed in the Banjarnegara Region area. Samples were taken from the Banjarnegara area and the analysis was carried out at the Pharmacy Laboratory of the Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. The analytical method used was the identification of the hydroquinone content carried out by the TLC-densitometry method. Qualitative analysis used TLC, where the stationary phase used was silica GF254 while the mobile phase used was toluene - glacial acetic acid at a ratio of 8: 2. Samples were dotted using a microsyringe of 25 µL after extraction. Furthermore, the spot identification was carried out under 254 nm UV light and then the Rf value was calculated. Quantitative analysis was used. It was carried out by densitometry by looking at the area produced by the spots on TLC. In this analysis, the level calculation was carried out by comparing the area of the hydroquinone sample with the area of the positive control hydroquinone multiplied by the known hydroquinone level in the positive control. The results of the qualitative analysis showed that of the 21 samples, there were 6 samples or 28.57% of the samples containing hydroquinone. Quantitative analysis shows the levels in the six samples containing hydroquinone, namely sample no.11: 7,12%, sample no.12: 3.69%, sample no.15: 0.06%, sample no.16: 11.18%, sample no.18: 4.67%, and sample no.19: 1.07%. Based on the results of the analysis, several preparations contain hydroquinone exceeding a safe level of 5%, so it is necessary to regularly check testing and supervision from the authorized institution so that the circulating whitening cream is safe for use by the public.
POTENSI KEMOPREVENTIF EKSTRAK ETANOLIK KULIT JERUK KEPROK (Citrus reticulata) PADA KARSINOGENESIS SEL HEPAR TIKUS GALUR SPRAGUE DAWLEY TERINDUKSI DMBA Edy Meiyanto
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 12, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v12i1.42

Abstract

Salah satu titik tangkap strategi penemuan agen kemopreventif kanker khususnya kanker hepar adalah melalui penghambatan proliferasi dan penekanan ekspresi onkogen c-Myc. Tangeretin, nobiletin, dan hesperidin adalah beberapa senyawa aktif dari kulit jeruk keprok (Citrus reticulate) dilaporkan memiliki efek antiproliferatif pada berbagai sel kanker secara in vitro. Hasil penelitian ini dapat bermanfaat untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak etanolik kulit C. reticulata terhadap proliferasi dan penekanan ekspresi c-Myc pada sel hepar tikus betina galur Sprague Dawley berumur 40 hari terinduksi 7,12 Dimetilbenz[a]antrasen (DMBA). Tikus dikelompokan menjadi lima kelompok: (a) DMBA, tikus diinduksi DMBA secara peroral (p.o.), dengan dosis 20 mg/kgBB dalam minyak jagung, sebanyak 10 kali selama lima minggu(b) kontrol pelarut CMC-Na, (c) kontrol ekstrak dosis 1500 mg/KgBB, (d) DMBA+ekstrak 750 mg/kgBB,dan (e) DMBA+ekstrak              1500 mg/kgBB. Ekstrak dilarutkan dengan CMC-Na 0,5% dan diberikan setiap hari, dimulai minggu kelima setelah pemberian DMBA. Tikus dikorbankan saat awal minggu kesepuluh setelah pemberian DMBA. Organ hepar diisolasi dan diawetkan dengan buffer formalin untuk analisis proliferasi dan imunohistokimia c-Myc. Analisis antiproliferasi dilakukan dengan metode AgNOR dan hasil menunjukan bahwa ekstrak etanolik kulit C. reticulata dosis 750 mg/KgBB memiliki potensi tinggi dalam menghambat proliferasi dan menekan ekspresi onkogen c-Myc. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etnolik kulit Citrus reticulata dapat menghambat proliferasi pada sel hepar tikus akibat pemberian DMBA melalui efek antiproliferasi dan penekanan ekspresi c-Myc..Kata kunci: Citrus reticulata, antiproliferatif, DMBA, AgNOR, c-Myc.
EFEK INFUSA DAGING BUAH MAHKOTA DEWA (Phaleria macrocarpa (Sceff.) Boerl.) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR ASAM URAT DARAH MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI DENGAN POTASSIUM OXONATE EM Sutrisna
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 11, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v11i1.65

Abstract

Mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa (Sceff.) Boerl.)  merupakan tanaman yang secara empiris telah dimanfaatkan untuk mengobati penyakit salah asam urat. Perasan daging buah mahkota dewa  dosis 13,16 g/kgBB tealah terbukti dapat menurunkan kadar asam urat darah pada ayam jantan jenis Lohman Brown. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek infusa daging buah mahkota dewa dalam menurunkan kadar asam urat mencit putih jantan yang diinduksi potassium oxonate. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan penelitian acak lengkap pola searah. Mencit jantan sebanyak 25 ekor diberi jus hati ayam konsentrasi 10% sebanyak 3 kali sehari selama 2 hari. Kemudian dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Kelompok I (kontrol negatif) diberi aqua p.o 0,5 ml/20 gBB. Kelompok II (kontrol positif) diberi allopurinol p.o 10 mg/kgBB. Kelompok III, IV dan V diberi infusa daging buah mahkota dewa dengan dosis berturut-turut 1,25; 2,5 dan 5 g/kgBB. Hewan uji diinduksi dengan potassium oxonate 250 mg/kgBB secara intraperitoneal 1 jam setelah pemberian sediaan uji untuk menaikkan kadar asam urat. Serum darah diambil dari vena opthalmicus pada jam ke 2 setelah induksi. Kadar asam urat ditetapkan dengan spektrofotometer visibel pada panjang gelombang 546 nm. Hasil menunjukkan infusa daging buah mahkota dewa dosis 1,25; 2,5 dan 5 g/kgBB mampu menurunkan kadar asam urat darah dalam serum mencit putih jantan yang diinduksi potassium oxonate dosis 250 mg/kgBB dan setara dengan kontrol positif (allopurinol 10 mg/kgBB).  Kata kunci : Phaleria macrocarpa (Sceff.) Boerl., asam uratmunohistokimia, ekspresi p53
Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Selulosa Mikrokristal dari Ampas Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) Desy Nawangsari
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 16, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v16i2.9150

Abstract

Microcrystalline cellulose is the result of isolation from alpha cellulose. Woody plants are generally the source of microcrystalline cellulose production. One of the natural ingredients that can be used to make microcrystalline cellulose is bagasse (Saccharum officinarum L.). Bagasse contains 37.65% of cellulose which can be isolated by the delignification stage using a base solution, the process of bleaching and hydrolysis of alpha cellulose by high temperature heating using dilute dilute acid. The yield of microcrystalline cellulose from bagasse 26.03% and fulfilling the characterization based on the literature.
Kepatuhan dan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Rumah Sakit di Jawa Tengah Nurul Mutmainah; Muhammad Al Ayubi; Anggie Widagdo
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 17, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v17i2.12281

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that requires treatment for a long period of time. Adherence to consuming drugs is one of the most important things in achieving treatment goals. This study aims to determine the level of adherence and quality of life and determine the relationship to the quality of life of patients with type 2 DM in hospitals in Central Java. This study uses analytic design by asking cross-sectional. Samples were taken at two hospitals in Central Java. Sampling was purposive sampling with the criteria of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who are undergoing outpatient care in the hospital, have undergone therapy for at least 3 months, and can communicate well. As a measurement used the Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) questionnaire while the quality of life measure used the Short Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire. Score data received and quality of life that has been obtained was processed with the SPSS (Product Statistics and Service Solutions) chi-square test. Research results in 200 respondents found 9 people (4.5%) had low adherence, 46 people (23%) were moderately related and 145 people (72.5%) have high adherence. While the quality of life found 41 people (20.5%) had a poor quality of life and 159 people (79.5%) had a good quality of life. The lowest aspect of quality of life is physical limitations and the highest aspect of quality of life is mental health. From the results of the analysis on the chi square test, the p value was obtained: 0.00. This shows that there is a significant relationship between adherence and quality of life in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus at the hospitals and a Prevalence Ratio value of 23.47.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH Psidium guajava L, Melaleuca leucadendron L, Capsicum frutescens L, dan Anethum graveolens L DENGAN METODE DPPH BESERTA PENETAPAN KADAR FENOLIK TOTALNYA Muhammad Da'i
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 12, No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v12i2.33

Abstract

Antioksidan alami dari luar tubuh diperlukan untuk mencegah munculnya penyakit karena terpapar oleh radikal bebas yang berlebih.  Buah Psidium guajava L, Melaleuca leucadendron L, Capsicum frutescens L dan Anethum graveolens L diketahui memiliki kandungan fenolik dan flavonoid yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat korelasi antara kandungan fenolik total dengan aktivitas antioksidannya. Aktivitas antiradikal ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode DPPH kemudian dihitung nilai Inhibitory Concentration (IC50) yaitu konsentrasi sampel yang mampu menghambat 50% radikal DPPH.  Kandungan fenol ditetapkan dengan menggunakan pereaksi Folin-Ciocalteu dan dihitung sebagai GAE (Gallic Acid Equivalent). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak etanol buah Psidium guajava L, Melaleuca leucadendron L, Capsicum frutescens L dan Anethum graveolens L memiliki nilai IC50 berturut-turut 167,347; 6,074; 139,801; dan 237,984 µg/mL.  Sedangkan nilai GAE berturut-turut 23,73; 257,34; 21,44; 11,78 mg/g sampel. Nilai koefisien korelasi antara kandungan fenolik dengan aktivitas antioksidan adalah R2 = 0,847, yang menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol buah yang diuji 84,7% merupakan kontribusi dari senyawa fenolik. Kata kunci: Antioksidan DPPH, Psidium guajava L, Melaleuca leucadendron L, Capsicum frutescens L,  Anethum graveolens L, Fenolik Total
Uji Aktivitas Hepatoprotektor Ekstrak Etanol Daun Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) pada Mencit Putih Jantan yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Yuliawati Yuliawati; Waode Cahaya Widya Putri; Havizur Rahman
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 18, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v18i2.15732

Abstract

Hepatotoxicity is a drug complication that is often found in long-term drug use because of the role of the liver in metabolizing drugs. Paracetamol is an analgesic and antipyretic drug that is often used by the community and is a safe choice when taken according to the dose. However, if consumed in excess and in the long-term  it causes hepatotoxicity (liver damage). Liver damage can be prevented by giving antioxidant compounds. Rambutan’s leaves contain secondary metabolites of alkaloids, tannins and saponins which are known to have antioxidant potential. The aim of the research is to determine the hepatoprotective activity and the effective dose of Rambutan leaves ethanol extract in male mice induced by patacetamol. The research method was The Randomize Posttest-only Control Group Design using 25 white mice which were divided into 5 groups. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the treatment group of rambutans leaf ethanol extract with the negative control group and a non-significant with the positive control group. Giving  extract doses of 100 mg/kg BW, 200 mg/kg BW and 400 mg/kg BW because it prevents the increase in levels of SGPT, SGOT, relative liver weight and reduces the percentage of damage to the hepatocytes of mice. The effective dose of rambutan’s leaf ethanol extract as a hepatoprotector is 400 mg/kg BW.
Front Matters Vol.18, No 2, 2021 Erindyah Retno Wikantyasning
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 18, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v18i2.16976

Abstract

Skrining Inhibitor NF-κB Combretum indicum dengan Metode Docking Samsul Hadi; Amalia Khairunnisa; Sefa Nur Khalifah; Sintya Oktaviani; Sri Oktaviana Sari; Umi Nur Hapifah
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 18, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v18i2.15780

Abstract

Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes important for innate and adaptive immune responses. NF-κB overactivation is associated with inflammatory diseases such as autoimmune, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aims to screen the chemical content of C.indicum against NF-κB-inducing kinase inhibitors. There are two methods used in this study, namely through PASSonline and docking. The docking method used was PLANTS. The results of PASSonline compounds that have P.a values above 0.7 weree arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, rutin, methyl urasolate, while the docking scores obtained were asquisqualic acid: -60.0382; arachidonic acid : -100,9410; linoleic acid: -93.8730; routine : -102,9320; methyl urasolate: -47,9166. This negative docking score indicates that the reaction between the compound and the target occurs easily. In conclusion, the compound predicted to have a potential as an inhibitor of NF-κB is Rutin.
Kepatuhan Penggunaan Obat terhadap Profil Lipid dan Lingkar Perut pada Pasien Sindrom Metabolik di Rumah Sakit di Semarang Farroh Bintang Sabiti; Nur Anna Chalimah Sa’dyah; Ayu Pambajeng Puspitaningrum
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol 18, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v18i2.16299

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome is a metabolic disorder caused by a complex increase in obesity. Metabolic syndrome can be controlled by adhering to medication and a healthy lifestyle. Patient's behavior towards adherence to medication is carried out in order to achieve the goal of treatment itself. The research objective was to determine the effect of medication adherence on lipid profiles and abdominal circumference in metabolic syndrome (SM) patients at Hospital in Semarang. This research is an observational research. Data were collected using a cross sectional design. Data collection in this study was conducted in August - December 2020. This study used the chi-square test, the chi-square test for abdominal circumference obtained results of 0.254 which said there was no effect of drug adherence with the abdominal circumference value and the chi-square test. for LDL, the results were 0.046 and the results were 0.001 for triglycerides, which is said to have an effect on drug adherence to LDL levels and trglyceride levels. The conclusion in this study is that there is an effect of patient drug use adherence to LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) and triglyceride levels, while there is no effect of patient drug use adherence to abdominal circumference values.

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