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Majalah Obat Tradisional
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 14105918     EISSN : 24069086     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
raditional Medicine Journal (Majalah Obat Tradisional), or Trad. Med. J. (ISSN 1410-5918 (print) and ISSN 2406-9086 (online)), is an international scientific journal published by Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, three times annually. Collaborating with Indonesian Pharmacist Association, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, and we dedicate our journal to researches and development in traditional medicine. The journal receives papers on research laboratory, field research, and case studies of traditional medicine and its constituent, covering research topics including raw materials, cultivation, phytochemical, pharmacological effects and toxicology, formulation, and biotechnology.
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Articles 15 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 31, No 1 (2026)" : 15 Documents clear
The Effect of Biofertilizer under Drought: Vitamin C, Starch Content, Biomass and Root Anatomy of Shallot (Allium cepa L.) Siswanti, Dwi Umi; Lestari, Nurrisma Ika; Laksitorini, Marlyn Dian
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 31, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mot.98006

Abstract

Shallots (Allium cepa L.) is a plant that requires sufficient water and is susceptible to drought stress. The use of biofertilizer is employed because it contains microorganisms to enhance nutrient availability and assist plant growth under abiotic stress. The biofertilizer used in this study is the Siswanti formula (EnWie Biofertilizer) which contains Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Saccharomyces sp., Streptomyces sp., Pseudomonas, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Rhizobium and Trichoderma sp. This study aims to analyze the physiological and anatomical responses of shallot bulbs following the application of biofertilizer under drought stress. The doses of biofertilizer used were 10 L/ha, 15 L/ha, and 20 L/ha with field capacity levels of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Parameters tested included vitamin C content, starch content, cortex thickness anatomy and dry weight of shallot roots. The method used to determine the vitamin C content was UV-VIS spectrophotometry, while the starch content research used the Nelson-Smogy method. The method used in making shallot root specimens was the embedding method. The results of this study showed that the application of biofertilizer affects the physiology and anatomy of Allium cepa L. under drought stress. The application of 15 L/ha biofertilizer increases vitamin C content, starch content, and cortex thickness. Meanwhile, 10 L/ha biofertilizer increases root dry weight.
Optimization of Span 80-Croduret 50-Propylene Glycol as Emulsifier of Dried Strawberry Juice (Fragaria vesca L.) Emulgel and Permeation Test Through Shed Snakeskin Membrane Ermawati, Dian Eka; Martodihardjo, Suwaldi; Sulaiman, TeukuNanda Saifullah
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 31, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mot.98265

Abstract

Strawberry is a natural source of antioxidants with potential to inhibit melanin production in the skin. However, its application in topical formulations is limited by factors such as stability, skin permeability, and effective delivery, necessitating the development of an appropriate delivery system. This has led to the selection of double emulsion due to the water solubility of the active ingredient. To produce a stable emulsion, it is required to combine emulsifier with different hydrophilic-lipophilic balance values. This study aimed to obtain the optimal proportion of emulsifier combinations for formulating an emulgel containing dried strawberry. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH assay, while the content of active compounds was quantified using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. The optimization of emulsifier proportions was carried out using the simplex lattice design (SLD), with globule size, viscosity, and separation ratio as response parameters. The optimized emulsion system was then incorporated into a hydrogel. Physicochemical stability of the emulgel was assessed based on organoleptic properties, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and phase separation. Permeation studies were conducted using Franz diffusion cells with shed snakeskin membrane as the diffusion barrier. The study successfully demonstrated that dried strawberry juice possesses antioxidant activity, with an IC₅₀ value of 0.331 mg/mL. The levels of key active compounds, namely quercetin (23.3% w/w) and anthocyanins (13.23% w/w), supporting its potential use in topical antioxidant applications. The most effective emulsifier system was determined to be a Span 80:Croduret 50:Propylene Glycol ratio of 1:2:1. This emulsifier composition yielded an emulsion with favorable droplet size, viscosity, and stability characteristics. Incorporation into a 1.5% Polygel CA hydrogel resulted in an emulgel formulation with excellent physicochemical stability, as indicated by consistent pH, spreadability, viscosity, and absence of phase separation during storage. Permeation studies using Franz diffusion cells showed that the optimized emulgel was capable of delivering 117.14 μg/cm² of flavonoids across shed snakeskin membrane within 5 hours, with a permeability coefficient of 2.84×10⁻⁵ μg/cm² and a flux rate of 6.6×10⁻⁵ μg/sec, indicating good skin permeation potential.
Evaluation of Antidiabetic Properties of a Polyherbal Extract (ACCBN) on Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats Uroko, Robert Ikechukwu; Chike-Ekwughe, Amarachi; Nweje-Anyalowu, Paul Chukwuemeka; Aguwamba, Chinedu
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 31, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mot.99354

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus emanates from a dysfunctional metabolic process and it affects human population globally, and causes a decline in the quality of life and increase in mortality rate due to its complications and adverse effects of the available antidiabetic drugs, thus, there is a need for a better antidiabetic agent. This study assessed the antidiabetic properties of a polyherbal extract (ACCBN) on alloxan-induced diabetic rats to validate its antidiabetic claims in traditional medicine. The diabetic study had 6 groups including normal control, diabetic rats deprived of treatment, diabetic rats administered 5 mg/kg Glibenclamide, and diabetic rats administered 400 and 800 mg/kg ACCBN-extract accordingly and normal rats administered 800 mg/kg ACCBN-extract only. The rats were successfully made diabetic by the administration of alloxan monohydrate intraperitoneally whereas and the rats were treated with either Glibenclamide or ACCBN-extract orally for 28 consecutive days. The acute study of ACCBN-extract indicated lethal dose above 5000 mg/kg. The diabetic rats deprived of treatment showed significantly elevated acute and sub-acute blood glucose levels including significantly elevated glycated haemoglobin concentration and significant decline in the C-peptide and insulin levels relative to the normal control. Diabetic rats administered ACCBN-extract displayed a marked decline in the acute and sub-acute blood glucose levels in comparison to the diabetic rats deprived of treatment. The diabetic rats administered ACCBN-extract displayed a remarkable decline in glycated haemoglobin level and significantly elevated C-peptide and insulin concentrations compared to the diabetic rats deprived of treatment. The outcome revealed that ACCBN-extract possesses sufficient antidiabetic properties and could be effective in the management of diabetes.
Secondary Metabolites Analysis and Anti-Cancer Potential of Lansium parasiticum Extract Mutiah, Roihatul; Safina, Nilna Amalia Nur; Briliana, Malich Septi Diajeng
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 31, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mot.99979

Abstract

Cancer is a non-communicable disease characterized by uncontrolled growth of malignant cells. The leaves and stems of Lansium parasiticum have been recognized for their potential as an anti-cancer agent. However, research reporting secondary metabolite profiles and anti-cancer activity in these plants remains limited. This study aimed to identify compounds, compare compound profiles, and predict the anti-cancer activity of secondary metabolites present in the leaves and stem bark of Lansium parasiticum. The secondary metabolite profile was analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS (Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry) chromatogram data interpretation, while the prediction of anticancer activity was made by referencing the Probability Activity value obtained through the PASS (Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances) Server. The results revealed 24 bioactive compounds successfully identified from the Lansium parasiticum leaf extract, with Emindole Sb as the major compound comprising 19.3% of the total chromatographic area. Meanwhile, the analysis identified 23 bioactive compounds in the stem bark extract of Lansium parasiticum, with Moronic Acid as the major constituent, representing 14.29% of the total chromatographic area. The examination of the anticancer potential utilizing a probability activity method suggests that both the leaves and stem bark of Lansium parasiticum demonstrate antineoplastic, chemopreventive, and apoptosis-inducing activities.
Antidiabetic and Antidyslipidemic Activity of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Binahong Leaves in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced Diabetic Rats Mulyani, Yani; Hasimun, Patonah; Apriliyanti, Nida Putri
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 31, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mot.100960

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease characterized by hyperglycemia and impaired glucose, protein, and fat metabolism due to insulin deficiency or resistance. In type 2 DM, insulin resistance potentially causes dyslipidemia through increased lipolysis and glucose production in the liver as well as reduced glucose absorption into cells. According to previous reports, the prevalence of dyslipidemia is relatively high, ranging from 72-85%. One of the plants that has the potential for antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic is binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis). Therefore, this research aims to determine the antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic activity as well as the effective dose of ethyl acetate fraction from ethanol extract of binahong leaves to reduce blood sugar levels, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, IAP, increase HDL levels, and improve the histological profile of the pancreas and aorta. The experiment was conducted curatively using 30 rats divided into 5 treatment groups, namely normal (Na-CMC 0.5%), diabetic group (Streptozotocin 35 mg/kgBW), positive control (Simvastatin 10 mg/kgBW), and the test group given ethyl acetate fraction of ethanol extract at dose 1 (100 mg/kgBW) and 2 (150 mg/kgBW). All groups except normal received streptozotocin induction for 3 days until a diabetic rat model was formed, then the test drug treatment was given for 28 days. Blood sugar levels were measured on days 0, 3, 14, and 28 using a glucometer, and lipid profile levels were measured on days 0 and 28 enzymatically using a microlab 300. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of binahong leaves ethanol extract at a dose of 100 mg/kgBW demonstrated antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic effects. It reduced blood glucose and lipid levels by 36–62% compared to the diabetic group and showed similar results to the positive control. This dose also improved the histological structure of the pancreas and aorta.
Hepatoprotective Effects of Milkfish (Chanos chanos) Oil and Silymarin Against Isoniazid–Rifampicin-Induced Liver Injury in Rats Sasongko, Heru; Hovhanness, Mikael; Sawitri, Arinda Handiyah; Maharani, Aulia Hanundita; Hedianti, Delia Putri; Hutasoit, Josua Arianto; Asyraq, Lathyfa; Safitri, Listiyana Ika; Zai, Lois Elda; Sutarno, Sutarno
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 31, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mot.101531

Abstract

The objectives of the present research were to assess the hepatoprotective activities of milkfish oil (MFO) and silymarin (SL) against rifampicin (RFP) and isoniazid (INH) induced hepatotoxicity. Rats were divided into seven groups: normal control, negative control (INH+RFP), silymarin alone (50 mg/kg BW/day), low-dose MFO (MFO-L), high-dose MFO (MFO-H), low-dose combination (SL+MFO-L), and high-dose combination (SL+MFO-H). Rats receiving RFP and INH showed raised liver enzymes and typical signs of hepatotoxicity. Analyzed parameters comprised proinflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6), antioxidant markers (catalase, glutathione, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase), cytochrome P450, total protein, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin and bilirubin. Treatment with a combination of MFO plus SL remarkably decreased hepatic enzyme activities, oxidative stress and inflammation, and suggested a prevention effect against the drug-induce liver injury.
Wound-Healing Effects of Centella asiatica Cream on Fibroblast and TGF-β1 Expression Chen, Meriana; Widowati, Wahyu; Ratnawati, Hana
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 31, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mot.101548

Abstract

Burn injuries represent a major public health concern worldwide, with a disproportionately high burden observed in developing nations. The healing of second-degree burns engages a series of intricate cellular and molecular processes, with Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF-β1) playing a crucial role, and fibroblasts stimulate connective tissue formation and assist in re-epithelialization. Pegagan (Centella asiatica) has been widely recognized in traditional medicine due to its properties that support wound healing and reduce inflammation. This research aims to evaluate the potential of Pegagan extract cream in modulating TGF-β1 expression and increasing fibroblast density in mice with second-degree burn injuries. Twenty-eight male DDY mice were divided into seven groups, including controls, a comparative group treated with silver sulfadiazine, and treatment groups receiving Pegagan cream at three different concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5%). Histological evaluation for assessing fibroblast density was performed using Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) staining, while immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to measure TGF-β1 expression. The results demonstrated that Pegagan cream at concentrations of 1%, 3%, and 5% significantly increased TGF-β1 expression and fibroblast density in burned mice compared to the positive control group. The highest concentration (5%) produced the most pronounced effect, indicating a concentration-dependent response. Cream containing Pegagan promotes wound healing by increasing fibroblast density and TGF-β1 expression.
The Promising Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Some Fabaceae Flowers Nurrohmat, Esa Agung; Hastuti, Agustina Ari Murti Budi; Purwanto, Purwanto
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 31, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mot.102597

Abstract

Oxidative stress caused by free radicals is a key contributor to the development of chronic diseases. As a natural defense strategy, the identification of plant-based free radical scavengers has become increasingly important. This study investigates the antioxidant potential of selected flowers from the Fabaceae family, plants which common in Indonesia and contain phenolic, one of the chemicals with antioxidant properties. The objective of this study is to ascertain the total phenolic content and free radical scavenging activity of ethanol extracts of a number of Fabaceae flowers that are frequently found in the neighborhood, including Arachis pintoi, Crotalaria retusa L., Crotalaria pallida Aiton, and Sesbania grandiflora L. All samples were extracted with 70% ethanol, which was subsequently analyzed for total phenolic content and free radical scavenging activity by Folin-Ciocalteu and DPPH reagents. As the results, the highest total phenolic content was 62.962 + 0.679 mg GAE/g sample (A. pintoi), while the lowest one was 23.986 ± 0.613 mg GAE/g sample (S. grandiflora L.). In line with the total phenolic compound, the activities of the highest free radical scavenging which is indicated by IC50 of those plants is 68.570 ± 1.476 µg/mL (A. pintoi), and the lowest value is 203.371 ± 4.706 µg/mL (S. grandiflora L.). These findings indicate that among the tested Fabaceae flowers, A. pintoi exhibits the strongest antioxidant potential, likely due to its high total phenolic content. This highlights its promise as a natural source of free radical scavengers and supports further exploration for potential therapeutic applications.
Anticancer Synergy of Myricetin and Doxorubicin in Breast Cancer: Network Pharmacology and In Vitro Evaluation Mutiah, Roihatul; Ma'arif, Burhan; Inayah, Indah Rahmatul; Fitrianingsih, Avin Ainur
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 31, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mot.103080

Abstract

Breast cancer is a major public health problem worldwide, leading to an urgent need for the development of new strategies to improve treatment efficacy and manage drug resistance. Doxorubicin is among the most commonly used chemotherapy drugs and has the disadvantage of being easy resistance and toxicity, which causes limited efficiency. A potentially effective strategy is combining doxorubicin with natural compounds possessing anticancer activity and the ability to modulate drug resistance pathways. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the potential of combining myricetin and doxorubicin as an effective and safe anticancer treatment. A network pharmacology method was used to examine how the two compounds interact at the molecular level, including the target genes, signaling pathways, and possible synergistic effect. Additionally, laboratory (in vitro) tests were performed using MTT assay to evaluate the toxicity of the compounds to both T47D breast cancer and normal Vero cells. Several key parameters, including IC50 values of each compound, as well as the combination index and selectivity index (SI), were analyzed to evaluate the safety against normal cells. The results showed that the combination of myricetin and doxorubicin targeted 19 interconnected genes triggering apoptosis often associated with cancer treatment. Laboratory tests (in vitro) found that myricetin and doxorubicin had moderate anticancer or cytotoxic activity, with IC50 values of 31.936 µg/mL and 27.39 µg/mL, respectively. The combination at concentrations of 7.984 µg/mL myricetin + 3.424 µg/mL doxorubicin, 15.986 µg/mL myricetin + 3.424 µg/mL doxorubicin, and 31.936 µg/mL myricetin + 3.424 µg/mL doxorubicin had a powerful synergistic effect as well as high viability in Vero cells with a value of 168.756 µg/mL. Based on the determined combination concentrations and IC50 values of the compounds, myricetin, and doxorubicin showed potential synergistic activity against breast cancer cells. Breast cancer remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating the development of novel strategies to enhance treatment efficacy and combat drug resistance. Doxorubicin, a common chemotherapeutic drug, has limitations owing to its resistance and toxicity. This study investigated the potential of combining myricetin, a natural compound, with doxorubicin to address these issues. Employing a network pharmacology approach, we first explored the molecular interactions between myricetin and doxorubicin and identified target genes, signaling pathways, and potential synergistic effects. Concurrently, in vitro experiments using the MTT assay assessed the toxicity of the compounds in T47D breast cancer cells and normal Vero cells. The key parameters analyzed included the IC50 values, combination index, and selectivity index to evaluate safety. Our findings revealed that the combination of myricetin and doxorubicin targeted 19 interconnected genes that are frequently associated with apoptosis during cancer treatment. In vitro tests showed that both myricetin and doxorubicin exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity, with IC50 values of 31.936 µg/mL and 27.39 µg/mL, respectively. Specific combinations (e.g., 7.984 µg/mL myricetin + 3.424 µg/mL doxorubicin) demonstrated a powerful synergistic effect against breast cancer cells, while maintaining high viability in normal Vero cells (168.756 µg/mL). These results suggested that the combination of myricetin and doxorubicin offers a promising synergistic approach for breast cancer treatment.
Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Vegetable Spices Fermentation Extracts in NAFLD Kinasih, Larasati Sekar; Rachmawati, Ermin; Fahdela, Ahdika Nungki; Akbar, Iqbal Maulana; Syauki, Moh. Faris; Suharti, Suharti
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 31, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mot.104030

Abstract

Currently, the prevention strategy for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) has several limitations. Fermentation prolongs the shelf life of food products and enhances the bioavailability of bioactive compounds, essential vitamins, and minerals, thereby improving their nutritional efficacy. This study evaluated the antioxidant activity and the effects of Vegetable Spices Fermentation Extract (VSFE) on Peroxisome Proliferator-Activating Receptor (PPAR-γ) and Interleukin (IL)-6 mRNA expression in a NAFLD rabbit model. Using a posttest-only control group design, 24 rabbits were divided into four groups: standard diet group, high-fat diet (HFD) group, treatment group 1 (HFD+VSFE 100 mg/kg BW), and treatment group 2 (HFD + VSFE 200 mg/kg BW). PPAR-γ and IL-6 mRNA expression were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The fermented extract had a higher phenolic content (519.95 ± 61.9 mg GAE/g) than the non-fermented extract (357.45 ± 58.66 mg GAE/g) (p<0.05). The expression of PPAR-γ and IL-6 significantly decreased in groups 1 and 2 compared with the control group. In conclusion, VSFE could act as a source of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory effects to inhibit the establishment of NAFLD.

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