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ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika
Published by Institut Teknologi Nasional Bandung
ISSN : 23388323     EISSN : 24599638     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering
Jurnal ELKOMIKA diterbitkan 3 (tiga) kali dalam satu tahun pada bulan Januari, Mei dan September. Jurnal ini berisi tulisan yang diangkat dari hasil penelitian dan kajian analisis di bidang ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, khususnya pada Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, dan Teknik Elektronika.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 826 Documents
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Profitability on Solar Power Plant Systems for Households Electricity in Indonesia SETIAWAN, HENDRA; PARKHAN, ALI
ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika Vol 12, No 3: Published July 2024
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26760/elkomika.v12i3.672

Abstract

ABSTRAKPaper ini menganalisis secara teknis dan ekonomi PLTS (pembangkit listrik tenaga surya) hibrid off-grid untuk rumahtangga di Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Sistem PLTS terdiri dari delapan panel surya polikristalin dengan daya 410Wp masing-masing, inverter 3kW, dan baterai LiFePO4 (lithium ferrophosphate) 48V 300Ah. PLTS telah dioperasikan sejak awal 2021, dan energi yang terkumpul dari panel surya dimulai November 2021 hingga akhir Agustus 2022, menunjukkan variasi nilai dari 3,2kWh hingga 17,4kWh. Dengan mempertimbangkan efisiensi perangkat 85%, hasil total energi diperkirakan 3.740,7 kWh per tahun. Penelitian ini mendapatkan nilai hasil rata-rata tahunan sebesar 1.140,5 kWh/kWp dan rasio kinerja 63,4%. NPV (net present value) digunakan sebagai indikator kelayakan investasi, dengan hasil masa investasi 24 tahun, tingkat diskonto 7%, laju degradasi PV (fotovoltaik) sebesar 0,8%, dan penurunan baterai sebesar 1,5% per tahun. Studi ini menyoroti potensi keuntungan investasi PLTS dengan kondisi tertentu dan mendorong intervensi regulasi pemerintah untuk meningkatkan aplikasi PLTS.Kata kunci: PLTS, off-grid, NPV, panel surya, rasio kinerja ABSTRACTThis paper presents technical and economic analysis of hybrid off-grid SPP (Solar Power Plant) for a home in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. The system consists of eight polycrystalline photovoltaic with 410Wp each, 3kW inverter and a 48V 300Ah LiFePO4 (lithium ferrophosphate) battery. The harvested energy was recorded starting from November 2021 to the end of August 2022. The recorded data shows the variation of values from 3.2kWh to 17.4kWh. The annual energy is 3,740.7 kWh by considering 85% devices efficiency. Furthermore, an annual average final yield is 1,140.5 kWh/kWp and performance ratio is 63.4%. NPV (net present value) was used as an indicator of feasibility investments by considering device lifespan, 7% discount rate, 0.8% of PV (photovoltaic) degradation rate and 1.5% battery fade per year. This study highlights the potential benefits of investing in hybrid off-grid SPP under specific conditions and advocates for government intervention through regulations to enhance the SPP applications.Keywords: Solar Power Plant, off-grid, NPV, photovoltaic, performance ratio
Analisis Pengaruh Noise pada Performa K-Nearest Neighbors Algorithm dengan Variasi Jarak untuk klasifikasi Beban Listrik YUNATA, ARIS SURYA; HALIM, ABDUL; LUTHFIYAH, HILDA
ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika Vol 12, No 3: Published July 2024
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26760/elkomika.v12i3.745

Abstract

ABSTRAK Teknik Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) digunakan dalam pemantauan konsumsi energi. Variabel pengukuran yang digunakan yaitu Real Power dan Reactive Power. klasifikasi beban listrik menjadi acuan dalam mengurangi tagihan energi. Namun, data pengukuran sering kali terpengaruh oleh noise. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh noise terhadap performa algoritma k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) dalam klasifikasi beban listrik. Berbagai tingkat noise secara rundom diberikan pada data pengukuran yang diperoleh. Selanjutnya, model k-NN dilatih dan dievaluasi dengan nilai k = 1 sampai 9 dan 15 tipe jarak. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa penambahan noise pada data pengukuran secara signifikan mempengaruhi performa algoritma k-NN dalam mengklasifikasikan beban listrik. Pengaruh ini terlihat pada nilai akurasi tertinggi mayoritas pada k = 3 dan Tipe jarak Cambera menghasilkan nilai akurasi di atas rata-rata. Kata kunci: NILM, Real Power, Reactive Power, noise, k-NN  ABSTRACT The Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) technique is used in monitoring energy consumption. The measurement variables used are Real Power and Reactive Power. Electric load classification serves as a reference in reducing energy bills. However, measurement data is often affected by noise. This study aims to analyze the influence of noise on the performance of the k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) algorithm in electric load classification. Various levels of noise are randomly added to the obtained measurement data. Subsequently, the k-NN model is trained and evaluated with values of k = 1 to 9 and 15 distance types. The experimental results show that the addition of noise to the measurement data significantly affects the performance of the k-NN algorithm in classifying electric loads. This influence is observed in the highest accuracy values, mostly at k = 3, and the Canberra distance type yields accuracy values above average. Keywords: NILM, Real Power, Reactive Power, noise, k-NN
The Analytical Design and Implementation of Inverted Pendulum Control System using Linear Quadratic Regulator PUTRA, SADIANA; SIREGAR, MARSUL; BACHRI, KAREL OCTAVIANUS
ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika Vol 12, No 3: Published July 2024
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26760/elkomika.v12i3.625

Abstract

ABSTRAKMakalah ini menyajikan proses rancang bangun sistem kendali pendulum terbalik dengan menggunakan metode LQR. Model sistem diperoleh dengan melakukan analisis free body diagram dari sistem pendulum terbalik kemudian setelah diperoleh model sistem dilanjutkan dengan membuat persamaan ruang keadaan yang selanjutnya digunakan untuk sistem kendali LQR di mana energi yang digunakan dapat diatur sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Digunakan 10 skenario untuk mendapatkan kriteria perancangan yang diinginkan. Penentuan skenario yang tepat dapat dilakukan dengan simulasi MATLAB sehingga dapat dilihat tanggapan sistem dengan menentukan koefisien matriks Q dan matriks R yang tepat. Melalui beberapa pengujian dapat ditunjukkan bahwa untuk menjaga pendulum tetap stabil diperlukan pengaturan energi yang tepat.Kata kunci: LQR, MATLAB, pendulum terbalik, variabel keadaan ABSTRACTThis paper presents the design process of an inverted pendulum control system using the LQR method. The system model is obtained by analyzing the free body diagram of the inverted pendulum system, then after obtaining the system model, proceed with creating a state space equation which is then used for the LQR control system where the energy used can be adjusted according to needs. 10 scenarios were used to obtain the desired design criteria. Determining the right scenario can be done using MATLAB simulation so that the system response can be seen by determining the correct Q matrix and R matrix coefficients. Through several tests it can be shown that to keep the pendulum stable it requires proper energy settings.Keywords: LQR, MATLAB, inverted pendulum, state-variable
Sistem Monitoring Tanaman Tomat menggunakan Routing Protocol LEACH berbasis Wireless Sensor Network DONI, OKTAVIANUS; RISTIAN, URAY; NIRMALA, IRMA
ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika Vol 12, No 3: Published July 2024
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26760/elkomika.v12i3.810

Abstract

ABSTRAKWSN (Wireless Sensor Network) adalah sebuah jaringan sensor nirkabel yang mampu memantau kondisi lingkungan. WSN bertujuan untuk menyediakan komunikasi berbiaya rendah dengan konsumsi energi yang rendah, menjadikan efisiensi energi sebagai fokus utama. LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) adalah metode berbasis kluster untuk meningkatkan efisiensi energi di WSN. Dalam penelitian ini, LEACH diterapkan pada empat node sensor yang melakukan pemantauan terhadap keadaan suhu udara, kelembapan udara, dan kelembapan tanah. Pengujian dilakukan untuk mengetahui masa hidup sensor dengan variasi pemilihan Cluster Head (CH). Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa penerapan LEACH meningkatkan masa hidup sensor. Sistem berbasis LEACH memiliki masa hidup 310 menit, sementara sistem non-LEACH hanya 269 menit. Dengan demikian, penggunaan LEACH terbukti efektif dalam memperpanjang masa hidup perangkat WSN dengan peningkatan masa hidup perangkat 15,25% dibandingkan masa hidup perangkat non-LEACH.Kata kunci: WSN, LEACH, baterai, tomat ABSTRACTWSN (Wireless Sensor Network) is a wireless sensor network capable of monitoring environmental conditions. WSN aims to provide low-cost communications with low energy consumption, making energy efficiency a major focus. LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) is a cluster-based method to improve energy efficiency in WSN. In this study, LEACH was applied to four sensor nodes that monitor the state of air temperature, air humidity, and soil moisture. Tests are carried out to determine the life of the sensor with the cluster head selection variation (CH). The results show that the implementation of LEACH increases the life of the sensor. The LEACH-based system has a lifetime of 310 minutes, while non-LEACH systems have only 269 minutes. Thus, the use of LEACH has proven effective in extending the life of WSN devices by an increase of 15.25% in device life compared to non- LEACH devices.Keywords: WSN, LEACH, battery, tomato
Klasifikasi Status Tekanan Darah memanfaatkan Sinyal Photoplethysmograph berbasis Metode Random Forest SUNARYA, UNANG; UGI, LYRA VEGA
ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika Vol 12, No 3: Published July 2024
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26760/elkomika.v12i3.687

Abstract

ABSTRAKBerbagai teknik pengukuran tekanan darah telah banyak dilakukan salah satunya melalui metode tidak langsung (noninvasive) dengan pemasangan sensor-sensor pada bagian tubuh tertentu, kemudian hasilnya dianalisis dengan algoritma kecerdasan buatan. Namun, masih terdapat banyak kendala pada pemilihan algoritma yang tepat untuk mencapai hasil akurasi klasifikasi yang tinggi. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan klasifikasi status tekanan darah dengan menggunakan sinyal photoplethysmograph (PPG) yang pengukurannya dilakukan secara noninvasive dari 219 pasien. Algoritma random forest digunakan untuk mengklasifikasikan status pasien ke dalam empat kelas yaitu normal, prehypertension, stage 1 prehypertension dan stage 2 prehypertension. Untuk perbandingan, dataset juga diklasifikasikan dengan algoritma KNN dan SVM. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa algoritma random forest memberikan kinerja terbaik dengan akurasi sebesar 98,63%, presisi 98,72% dan recall 98.60%.Kata kunci: tekanan darah, CVD, random forest, KNN, SVM ABSTRACTVarious ways for measuring blood pressure have been employed, including noninvasive techniques that include placing senosrs on specific body areas and analyzing the finding using artificial intelligence algorithms. Nevertheless, there are numerous challenges in choosing the appropriate algorithms that yiled high accuracy in classification. In this study, blood pressure status was classified using photoplethysmograph (PPG) signals, which were measured non-invasively from 219 patients. The random forest algorithm was used to classify patient status into four classes, namely normal, prehypertension, prehypertension stage 1 and prehypertension stage 2. For comparison, the dataset was also classified using the KNN and SVM algorithms. The results show that the random forest algorithm provides the best performance with an accuracy of 98.63%, precision of 98.72% and recall of 98.60%, respectively.Keywords: blood pressure, CVD, random forest, KNN, SVM
Prediksi Kanker Paru menggunakan Grid search untuk Optimasi Hyperparameter pada Algoritma MLP dan Logistic Regression PRATIWI, NOR KUMALASARI CAECAR; IBRAHIM, NUR; SAIDAH, SOFIA
ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika Vol 12, No 3: Published July 2024
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26760/elkomika.v12i3.556

Abstract

ABSTRAKKanker paru merupakan penyebab utama kematian akibat kanker di seluruh dunia. Prediksi dini kanker paru-paru telah banyak dilakukan, baik berbasis citra maupun data mentah. Prediksi kanker paru berbasis citra memberikan dampak positif dalam diagnosis dini, namun pendekatan berbasis data mentah juga penting dalam memahami faktor risiko dan kondisi yang dapat mempengaruhi perkembangan kanker. Penelitian ini mengusulkan sistem prediksi dini kanker paru dengan basis data klinis dan demografi, menggunakan Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) dan logistic regression dengan pemanfaatan grid search optimizer. Kedua model mencapai tingkat akurasi, presisi, recall, dan f1-score sebesar 1, optimal dalam melakukan prediksi data. Pada logistic regression, solver liblinear, penalty L1, dan nilai C yang lebih tinggi berkontribusi pada peningkatan akurasi. Sedangkan pada MLP, konfigurasi aktivasi tanh dan solver adam menghasilkan akurasi yang lebih baik. Hasil ini memberikan keyakinan implementasi MLP dan logistic regression, memiliki potensi dalam mendukung prediksi kanker paru-paru.Kata kunci: kanker paru, multi-layer perceptron, logistic regression, grid search ABSTRACTLung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Early prediction of lung cancer has been widely conducted, both based on images and raw data. Image-based lung cancer prediction has a positive impact on early diagnosis, but a raw data-driven approach is also crucial for understanding risk factors and conditions that can influence cancer development. This research proposes an early lung cancer prediction system using clinical and demographic data, employing Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and logistic regression with the utilization of grid search. Both models achieved an accuracy, precision, recall, and f1-score of 1, optimal in classifying data. In logistic regression, the liblinear solver, L1 penalty, and higher C values contributed to increased accuracy. Meanwhile, in MLP, the configuration of tanh activation and adam solver yielded better accuracy. Theseresults instill confidence that the implementation of MLP and logistic regression has significant potential in supporting lung cancer prediction.Keywords: lung cancer, multi-layer perceptron, logistic regression, grid search
Evaluation of The Impact of Photovoltaic Laboratories Development on Higher Education and Industry SIREGAR, MARSUL; PARDOSI, CRISTONI HASIHOLAN; BACHRI, KAREL OCTAVIANUS; NUR, TAJUDDIN; PANDJAITAN, LANNY W.
ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika Vol 12, No 3: Published July 2024
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26760/elkomika.v12i3.759

Abstract

ABSTRAK Transisi energi dari energi konvensional ke energi terbarukan semakin meningkat, sejalan dengan kesadaran akan keberlanjutan penggunaan energi terbarukan secara global. Laboratorium Fotovoltaik Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya berkapasitas 5,2 kWp dikembangkan untuk mendukung pendidikan dan pelatihan industri. Tulisan ini menjelaskan dampak positif Laboratorium terhadap sudut pandang mahasiswa dan industri, yaitu tentang kinerja panel surya, evaluasi sistem on-grid dan off-grid, serta pemeliharaan system. Berdasarkan kepuasan mahasiswa disimpulkan sangat puas dan puas berkisar 93,17%, dengan rincian sangat puas 50,14%, dan puas 43,03%. Sedangkan Industri menunjukkan sangat puas dan puas sebesar 93,96%, dengan rincian sangat puas 44,99%, dan puas 48,97%. Kata kunci: Fotovoltaik, Energi Surya, Pendidikan Tinggi, Studi Eksploratori.  ABSTRACT The energy transition from conventional energy to renewable energy is increasing, in line with the awareness of the sustainability of renewable energy use globally. The Atma Jaya Catholic University Photovoltaic Laboratory with a capacity of 5.2 kWp was developed to support industrial education and training. This paper describes the positive impact of the Laboratory from the perspective of students and industry, namely on the performance of solar panels, evaluation of on-grid and off-grid systems, and system maintenance. Based on student satisfaction, it is concluded that very satisfied and satisfied are around 93.17%, with details of very satisfied 50.14%, and satisfied 43.03%. While the industry shows very satisfied and satisfied of 93.96%, with details of very satisfied 44.99%, and satisfied 48.97%. Keywords: Photovoltaic, Solar Energy, Higher Education, Exploratory Study.
Mitigasi Blackout Akibat Overload melalui Implementasi Prioritas Beban dalam Skema Overload Shedding RISQI, FATKHIYATI; SUNARDIYO, SAID
ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika Vol 12, No 3: Published July 2024
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26760/elkomika.v12i3.612

Abstract

ABSTRAKGangguan kontingensi sistem tenaga listrik dapat menyebabkan overload yang berpotensi memicu blackout masal jika tidak ditangani dengan tepat. Penelitian ini mengusulkan desain skema overload shedding untuk Subsistem Pedan 3,4 yang mempertimbangkan prioritas beban. Simulasi dilakukan pada tiga skenario gangguan kontingensi N-1 dan N-1-1 meliputi trip pada Interbus Transformer (IBT), PLTU Pacitan 1, serta kombinasi keduanya. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa pada kasus gangguan IBT dan kombinasi IBT-PLTU, skema overload shedding yang diusulkan berhasil mencegah blackout dengan melakukan pelepasan beban bertahap sesuai prioritas. Namun, pada kasus trip PLTU saja, tidak diperlukan pelepasan beban karena pembebanan IBT masih aman. Dengan demikian skema overload shedding ini terbukti efektif dalam menjaga keandalan sistem tenaga listrik saat menghadapi gangguan kontingensi, mencegah blackout masal dan meminimalkan dampak pada area non-kritis.Kata kunci: load shedding, overload, kontingensi, prioritas beban, DIgSILENT ABSTRACTPower system contingency disturbances can cause overloads that have the potential to trigger mass blackouts if not handled appropriately. This study proposes an overload shedding scheme design for Pedan 3,4 Subsystem that considers load prioritization. Simulations were conducted on three N-1 and N-1-1 contingency fault scenarios including trips to the Interbus Transformer (IBT), Pacitan 1 PLTU, and a combination of both. The simulation results show that in the case of IBT fault and IBT-PLTU combination, the proposed overload shedding scheme successfully prevents blackout by performing gradual load shedding according to priority. However, in the case of PLTU trip only, no load shedding is required because the IBT loading is still safe. Thus this overload shedding scheme is proven effective in maintaining power system reliability when facing contingency disturbances, preventing mass blackouts and minimizing the impact on non-critical areas.Keywords: load shedding, overload, contingency, load priority, DIgSILENT
Sistem Monitoring Hidroponik Indoor berbasis Wick menggunakan HOPONIC (Home Pot Hidroponic) TAQIYUDDIN, YASPIN; RUSLIANTO, IKHWAN; RISTIAN, URAY
ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika Vol 12, No 1: Published January 2024
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26760/elkomika.v12i1.201

Abstract

ABSTRAKPermasalah bagi penggiat berkebun bertempat tinggal diperkotaan terkendala oleh kesibukan lain. Maka dari itu tujuan dari penelitian ini dikembangkannya sistem IOT dan aplikasi Android untuk memonitoring hidroponik tanaman pakcoy secara indoor. HOPONIC (Home Pot Hidroponic) merupakan prototipe sistem monitoring hidroponik dengan metode wick yang berlokasi di dalam ruangan atau indoor, dan aplikasi Android yang dikembangkan dengan menggunakan framework Flutter. Notifikasi aplikasi Android memberitahu perubahan pH, suhu, ketinggian, dan larutan nutrisi oleh sistem HOPONIC. Persentase keberhasilan dari pembacaan nilai node sensor pada sistem HOPONIC adalah pH 96,09%, kadar larutan nutrisi 97,11%, suhu 91,68%, ketinggian atau debit 99,84%, intensitas cahaya 88,17%. Dengan HOPONIC pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman sayur pakcoy lebih unggul sebesar 0,43 cm, sedangkan untuk pertumbuhan daun tanaman pakoy lebih unggul dengan menggunakan HOPONIC sebesar 1,7 Lembar Daun.Kata kunci: IoT, Hidroponik, Pakcoy, Arduino, ESP32 ABSTRACTThe problem for gardening activists living in urban areas is that they are hampered by other activities. Therefore, this research aims to develop an IoT system and Android application for indoor hydroponic monitoring of pakcoy plants. HOPONIC (Home Pot Hydroponic) is a prototype hydroponic monitoring system with a wick method located indoors, and an Android application developed using the Flutter framework. Android application notifications notify changes in pH, temperature, altitude, and nutrient solution by the HOPONIC system. The percentage of successful reading of sensor node values in the HOPONIC system is pH 96.09%, nutrient solution content 97.11%, temperature 91.68%, height or discharge 99.84%, and light intensity 88.17%. With HOPONIC, the height growth of Pakcoy vegetable plants is superior at 0.43 cm, while for leaf growth, Pakoy plants are superior when using HOPONIC at 1.7 leaves.Keywords: IoT, Hydroponics, Pakcoy, Arduino, ESP32
Strategi Penambahan Pembangkit pada Sistem 150 kV melalui Pendekatan Multi Criteria Decision Analysis berbasis Estimasi LOLP DINI, HASNA SATYA; FIKRI, ZUL; SENEN, ADRI
ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika Vol 12, No 4: Published October 2024
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26760/elkomika.v12i4.1089

Abstract

ABSTRAKKeandalan sistem tenaga listrik sangat penting untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi masyarakat modern. Pertumbuhan beban tanpa penambahan kapasitas pembangkit dapat menurunkan keandalan yang diukur melalui Loss of Load Probability (LOLP) dan Loss of Load Expectation (LOLE). Perhitungan LOLP menggunakan metode rekursif untuk jumlah unit pembangkit yang kecil karena akurasinya yang tinggi, sementara metode Monte Carlo digunakan untuk sistem lebih besar karena efisiensi dan skalabilitasnya. Penelitian ini menganalisis dampak pertumbuhan beban terhadap keandalan sistem dan strategi ekspansi pembangkit. Metode Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) digunakan untuk menentukan pembangkit terbaik berdasarkan kriteria teknologi, keandalan, dan ekonomi. MCDA terbukti efektif karena fleksibel, mudah diterapkan, dan tidak memerlukan perangkat lunak khusus. Studi selama 10 tahun pada sistem 150 kV dengan kapasitas 450 MW dan beban puncak 328,36 MW menunjukkan bahwa penambahan pembangkit dan integrasi Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) berhasil menurunkan LOLP menjadi 0,000096 pada akhir evaluasi.Kata kunci: LOLE, LOLP, MCDA ABSTRACThe reliability of power systems is crucial to meet the energy demands of modern society. Load growth without additional generation capacity can reduce reliability, measured by Loss of Load Probability (LOLP) and Loss of Load Expectation (LOLE). LOLP is calculated using a recursive method for small generation units due to its high accuracy, while the Monte Carlo method is preferred for larger systems because of its efficiency and scalability. This study analyzes the impact of load growth on system reliability and strategies for generation expansion. The Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) method was employed to identify the optimal generation options based on technological, reliability, and economic criteria. MCDA proved effective due to its flexibility, ease of application, and independence from specialized software. A 10-year study on a 150 kV system with a capacity of 450 MW and a peak load of 328.36 MW demonstrated that adding generation and integrating a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) successfully reduced LOLP to 0.000096 by the end of the evaluation.Keywords: LOLE, LOLP, MCDA

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