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INDONESIA
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 25409573     EISSN : 25409581     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology (JTBB) is an authoritative source of information concerned with the advancement of tropical biology studies in the Southeast Asia Region. It publishes original scientific work related to a diverse range of fields in tropical biodiversity, functional biology, and biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 20 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 8, No 3 (2023): December" : 20 Documents clear
In silico Screening of Potential Antidiabetic Phenolic Compounds from Banana (Musa spp.) Peel Against PTP1B Protein Pratama, Rico Alexander; Astina, Junaida; Parikesit, Arli Aditya
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 8, No 3 (2023): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.83124

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global problem with increasing prevalence. The current treatments have made an immense progress  with some side effects, such as drug resistance, acute kidney toxicity, and increased risk of heart attack. Banana (Musa spp.) peel comprises 40% of banana fruit contains high phenolic compounds whilst some studies have suggested a correlation between phenolic compounds and antidiabetic activity. One of the novel protein targets that has been identified as a potential anti-diabetic treatment is PTP1B (PDB ID:2NT7). Therefore, this study aimed to screen the potential PTP1B inhibitor for antidiabetic treatment from phenolic compounds in banana peel. QSAR, molecular docking, ADME-Tox, and molecular dynamics analysis were deployed to examine forty-three phenolic compounds in banana peel. Eighteen ligands were screened by QSAR analysis and eight of them had a lower binding energy than the standard (ertiprotafib) in molecular docking, with urolithin A and chrysin were the lowest. Both passed Lipinski’s rule of five, had a good intestinal absorption, and no blood-brain barrier penetration, however, their mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and irritation to the skin and eyes were still in questions. Molecular dynamics analysis found both of them were in a stable conformation with PTP1B. This study suggested a potential of urolithin A and chrysin as PTP1B inhibitor for antidiabetic treatment. Additionally, further experimentation is required to validate this finding.  
In Silico Analysis of Phalaenopsis Orchid Homeobox1 (POH1) Functional Gene for Shoot Development in Phalaenopsis Orchid Rasjid, Nuzlan; Kurniawan, Febri Yuda; Putri, Saifa Usni; Linggabuwana, Aviesta; Prasojo, Ireneus Seno; Semiarti, Endang
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 8, No 3 (2023): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.83934

Abstract

The most favorite ornamental crop in Indonesia is orchid which benefited as floriculture. Therefore, the quality of this crop must be improved.  Biotechnology is appropriate to be used to improve the quality and quantity of orchid plants. To conduct this method, researchers must know what genes function in plant development. In Phalaenopsis orchids, the gene has been identified as homeobox genes called Phalaenopsis Orchid Homeobox1 (POH1). This research aims to conduct in silico analysis of the gene. The materials were retrieved from mRNA and amino acid databases. Then, the materials are aligned, visualized, motif location analysis, motif function discovery, phylogenetic construction, and protein 3D structural modelling. Based on mRNA and amino acid alignment, there are 4 domain regions that are conserved in POH1 and other homologous genes, such as KNOX1, KNOX2, ELK Domain, and Homeobox KN Domain, which roles as a transcription factor involved in plant development. SWISS-MODEL and ColabFold were used in protein modelling of the protein. By ColabbFold modelling, the modelling prediction uses 325 residues, higher than SWISS-MODEL in 59 residues. ColabFold validation by Ramachandra Plot depicts having the most favourite regions is 68.6%, while SWISS-MODEL is 92.3%. Another validation parameter is overall quality factor and QMEAN Score. Protein modelling by ColabFold has overall quality factor 89.252 and QMEAN Score 0.41 ± 0.05. However, SWISS-MODEL 3D prediction has overall quality factor 98.039 and QMEAN score of 0.71 ± 0.11. 
Notes on The Current Distribution and Abundance of The Frog Genus Leptophryne spp. (Anura: Bufonidae) in Gede Pangrango National Park Noer, Mohamad Isnin; Intani, Ratih Tryas; Prasetya, Priya Yuga; Lestari, Alvita Dwi; Darmawan, Boby
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 8, No 3 (2023): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.84031

Abstract

We reported the current distribution of Leptophryne spp. in Gede Pangrango National Park. Leptophryne cruentata was recorded in Cibodas (Cikundul waterfall and Goa Lalay), Selabintana (Cibeureum Waterfall), and Goalpara (Rasta Waterfall), whereas Leptophryne borbonica was only reported from a creek at lowland forest of Bodogol. Goa Lalay and Rasta waterfall were explicitly reported as new distribution locations of Leptophryne cruentata. It was strictly found at a higher elevation usually within reach of waterfalls that generate substantial background noise, except in Cibodas in which Leptophryne cruentata can also be found in two noisy creeks located at a fairly great distance from waterfalls (100 – 170 meters). 
Extremophilic Cellulases: A Comprehensive Review Mohanta, Subham; Bahuguna, Megha; Baley, John David; Sharma, Shivika; Sharma, Vikas
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 8, No 3 (2023): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.74986

Abstract

Microbial cellulases are an important industrial enzyme having diverse applications in biotechnology, environmental challenges, industrial products and processes. Extremophiles like thermophillic bacteria are a good source of industrially important cellulases as these can withstand industrially rigorous procedures like paper deinking, fabric material softening, bio stoning, paper and pulp, biopolishing cloth material, animal feed and juice. Identification of novel cellulases or improving them through biotechnological interventions has remained a challenge for researchers. Genetic manipulation of thermophilic bacteria for increased cellulase production or synthetic biology approaches for cellulase gene/gene cluster extraction from thermophilic bacteria and expression in appropriate hosts for improved cellulase synthesis. The classic and high-throughput technologies like genomics, metagenomics and bioinformatics could be exploited to isolate cellulase genes from a variety of thermophilic bacteria and further processing. Keeping in view the ultimate requirement of extremophilic cellulases in industries, present study is a compilation of various aspects related to extremophilic cellulases their sources, production, biotechnological interventions and challenges.  
Maturation of Female Yellow Rasbora (Rasbora Lateristriata Bleeker, 1854) Using Oodev at Different Doses in Feed Rey, Juniman; Widiyanto, Slamet; Retnoaji, Bambang
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 8, No 3 (2023): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.75916

Abstract

The current high demand for Yellow rasbora (Rasbora lateristriata) is not supported by the availability of captured Yellow rasbora in nature. Aquaculture is the most rational way of utilizing biological natural resources. In intensive aquaculture, it is necessary to optimize all processes that occur in aquaculture, including hatchery. However, the common problem that often happens in hatchery activities is spawning which depends on the season. The hormonal manipulation technique is an appropriate way to stimulate gonadal maturation. Oodev is a hormonal combination of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin and anti-dopamine to stimulate gonadal maturation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of using the Oodev with different doses in feed to accelerate gonad maturation of female Yellow rasbora. The study was carried out with four treatments and three replications in 21 days with different doses of Oodev, such as; A (Feed without Oodev), B (0.5 mL/kg feed), C (1 mL/kg feed) and D (2 mL/kg feed). The parameters observed in this study were gonad maturity level, histological structure of ovary, gonadosomatic index, fecundity, and diameter of eggs. The results showed that the dose of Oodev at 1.0 mL/kg feed was an effective dose to optimize the gonad maturity of female Yellow rasbora. This is proven by the highest results shown on all parameters, such as; the maturity level in the IV phase, histological structure of the ovary which showed the dominance of the oocyte maturation phase, gonadosomatic index of 14.014%, the fecundity of 721 eggs, and egg diameter of 0.865 mm. In conclusion, using Oodev in feed at a dose of 1.0 ml/kg of feed for 21 days is an effective dose to optimize the maturation of female Yellow rasbora. 
The Diversity of Scarabaeid Beetles (Scarabaeidae: Coleoptera) in The Lowland Rainforest Ecosystem of Sorong Nature Tourism Park, West Papua, Indonesia Fitradiansyah, La Ode; Atmowidi, Tri; Priawandiputra, Windra; Kahono, Sih
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 8, No 3 (2023): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.78230

Abstract

Scarabaeid beetles have an essential role in forest ecosystems, such as nutrient recycling, seed dispersal, forest regeneration, controlling parasite, and reducing carbon emissions. Until now, there has been no publication on scarabaeid beetle diversity in the lowland rainforest ecosystem of Papua, Indonesia. This study aims to measure the diversity of scarabaeid beetles in the lowland rainforest ecosystem of Sorong Nature Tourisme Park (SNTP), West Papua, Indonesia. Determination of study sites used in this study was using the purposive sampling method in three habitat types i.e., rehabilitation zone, conservation zone, and protection zone using baited dung traps (type A, B, and C dung traps), light trap, and active sampling. The fresh cow and human feces baits were used for dung traps that was replaced every 24 hours (68 repetitions for 68 days) in each habitat. Results showed a total of 30 individuals belonging to 13 species of scarabaeid beetles were collected. Onthophagus has the highest species richness (5 species) and the low species richness were Aphodius sp., Anomala sp., and Adoretus sp. (1 species). The protection zone has the highest diversity index (H’=2.09), followed by the conservation zone (H’=2), and rehabilitation zone (H’=0.5). Based on trap type, dung trap collected the most beetle species (9 species), followed by light trap (6 species), and active sampling (2 species). Based on Pearson correlation, soil pH significantly correlated with beetle abundance. This study was the first report of scarabaeid beetles in the West Papua, Indonesia.
Profiling of Single Garlic Extract Microencapsulation: Characterization, Antioxidant Activity, and Release Kinetic Lestari, Sri Rahayu; Ghofur, Abdul; Maslikah, Siti Imroatul; Sunaryono, Sunaryono; Rahma, Amalia Nur; Aisyah, Dahniar Nur; Mufidah, Ikfi Nihayatul; Rifqi, Nadiya Dini; Prastita, Nenes; Miasih, Dewi Sekar; Baroroh, Alif Rosyidah El
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 8, No 3 (2023): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.79072

Abstract

Single garlic is known to have many benefits as an alternative therapy for various types of metabolic syndrome. The bioactive compounds, allicin and alliin, in garlic are unstable and easily degraded in digestion. Chitosan-alginate microencapsulation is thought to increase stability and protect active compound so its therapeutic effect is more optimal. This study aimed to characterize the microencapsulation chitosan-alginate of single garlic extract (MCA- SGE), as well as to examine the antioxidant activity and kinetic release of MCA-SGE in vitro. The research procedure includes the steps of single garlic extraction, preparation of MCA-SGE, characterization of MCA-SGE (PSA, SEM, and FTIR) as well as biological testing of MCA-SGE through antioxidant activity and kinetic release tests. PSA results showed the mean particle size of MCA-SGE was 439.0 ± 1.9 nm or 0.4 m with a polydispersity index (PDI) value of 0.579 ± 0.046 and a zeta potential value of 15.4 ± 0.3 mV. The SEM results showed that the morphology of MCA-SGE was spherical with a smooth surface and a micrometre size of 0.4 - 0.7 µm. The FTIR results describe a shift in absorption and addition of SGE functional groups after encapsulation. The results of the antioxidant activity test showed the antioxidant activity of MCA-SGE was 65%, while SGE was 55%. The results of the kinetic release showed that more allicin and alliin were released by SGE than MCA-SGE during the 4-hour kinetic release simulation. MCA-SGE has the potential to be used as a drug delivery system with controlled release.
Comparison of Soil Arthropod Diversity and Community Structure in Various Types of Land Cover in Malang Region, East Java, Indonesia Yanuwiadi, Bagyo; Suharjono, Suharjono; Kurniawan, Nia; Fathoni, Muhammad; Nurrofik, Agus; Assiddiqy, Miftah Farid; Shahroni, Abdul Mutholib
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 8, No 3 (2023): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.79496

Abstract

Land cover heterogeneity can affect the structure of biodiversity in the supplied niche, so it is necessary to know the taxa community. This study aimed to understand the effect of land cover variation on the diversity and community structure of soil arthropods. The types of habitats used include urban areas, agroforestry, gardens, and natural forests which are determined in the Malang Region, East Java, Indonesia. Hand sorting and hay bait traps were applied in this study to obtain a variety of arthropod soils and the Berlese-Tullgren funnel was used to extract them. As a result, there are 25 families from 15 orders collected based on their ecological roles. The abundance of Philoscidae in sites S1 and S2 (urban green space), Talitridae in site S6 (agroforestry), and Isotomidae in sites S3, S4, and S5 (highland mixed forest) was highest and dominant. Site S7 has the highest diversity (H' = 2.56; 1-D = 0.90; J' = 0.76) even though its family richness is lower. The site S3 counter-site had relatively high taxa richness (TR = 13), but low diversity (H' = 1.02; 1-D = 0.39; J' = 0.16). Based on clustering analysis and NMDS ordination, 3 classifications of habitat types were obtained, namely I (S6 & S7), II (S3, S4 & S5), and III (S1 & S2). Mixed forest habitats contain a more complex diversity of soil arthropods, which can serve as a model for improving the fertility of disturbed ecosystems. 
Spatial Distribution of Cedrela Odorata Smaller Trees Affects Forest Regeneration in Exotic Tree Plantations in Central Côte d’Ivoire Vroh, Bi Tra Aimé; Koné, Abdoulaye
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 8, No 3 (2023): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.84322

Abstract

Cedrela odorata L. was introduced as a possible forest restauration species in classified forests at Côte d’Ivoire. Because of its demonstrated invasive behavior in other tropical forests, this study aimed to assess the impact of Cedrela odorata on the regeneration of spontaneous plant species in tree plantations. On the base of Cedrela odorata larger tree densities, two types of forest plantation were considered: Type I (240 stems/ha) and Type II (176 stems/ha). In these plantations, plots with 0.25 ha were chosen to locate each tree with dbh ≥ 2.5 cm, in an orthonormal reference. The tree density, the basal area, the species richness, the Shannon diversity index and the rank-abundance curves were determined considering smaller and larger trees. The horizontal spatial arrangement and Ripley’s K function were performed to understand the spatial relationship between Cedrela odorata smaller trees and those of spontaneous species. The results shown lower spontaneous plant species richness (15-20 species) and diversity (1.15 - 1.43); the dominance of Cedrela odorata smaller trees (43.02 – 62.95 % of all stems). The Cedrela odorata smaller trees and those of other species have dependent spatial distributions; expressed by a spatial repulsion between the two groups up to a distance of 18 m in the most densified forest plantation. This repulsion was related to an aggregated distribution of Cedrela odorata smaller trees in plantation with higher tree density. The study suggests a 170-stems/ha (or lower) of Cedrela odorata planting density for biodiversity establishment improvement outcomes in forest plantations. 
Bioremediation of Mercury- Polluted Water in Free Water Surface-Constructed Wetland System by Euglena sp. and Echinodorus palifolius (Nees & Mart.) J.F. Macbr. Siswanti, Dwi Umi; Daryono, Budi Setiadi; Petrus, Himawan Tri Bayu Murti; Suyono, Eko Agus
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 8, No 3 (2023): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.88143

Abstract

Mercury accumulation in the aquatic environment can be highly harmful. The body takes mercury vapor through the lungs, then absorbs mercury metal through the digestive system, and then the blood carries the metal to the brain. Bioremediation is the process of breaking down or converting harmful compounds into non-toxic forms, which can be accomplished through phytoremediation or phycoremediation. The goal of this study was to examine the growth and anatomy of Euglena sp. after being cultured in the mercury-containing FWS-CW waste treatment system. The ability of Euglena sp. and Echinodorus palifolius to bioremediate mercury at different concentration as well as association and non-association treatments. This study was carried out in a bioreactor known as FSW-CW (Free Water Surface-Constructed Wetlands). Plant growth (plant height and number of leaves), chlorophyll content, diameter of root and petiole, metaxylem diameter of root, petiole, and leaves, cortical thickness of root and leaves, and petiole anatomy were all measured. Water temperature, pH, salinity, and light intensity were all measured as environmental parameters. Mercury treatment reduced Euglena density (183.5 cells. mL-1103 in control and 12.6 cells. mL-1103 in 100 ppm mercury treatment) and number of E. palifolius leaves, but not plant height and chlorophyll. Root and petiole diameters were affected by the mercury treatment, petiole diameter decreased unless the concentration was 100 ppm, whereas root diameter actually increased. The diameter of the root metaxylem increased, but the petioles and leaves, as well as the thickness of the root cortex, did not provide a significant response. The growth of E. palifolius was still optimal in the presence of Euglena in mercury-containing medium. 

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