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Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 20875517     EISSN : 25274376     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science
The Journal of Tropical Life Science (JTLS) provides publication of full-length papers, short communication and review articles describing of new finding or theory in living system, cells and molecular level in tropical life science and related areas. The journal publishes articles that report novel findings of wide Tropical Life system phenomenon in the areas of biodiversity, agriculture, fisheries, health, husbandry, forestry and environmental technology. JTLS has 1 volume with 3 issues per year.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 986 Documents
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in silico Study Reveals Potential Docking Sites of δ 2-isoxazolines derivates for Inhibiting Russell’s Viper PLA2 Toxin Kholilah, Tsaniyah Nur; Widodo, Nashi; Kurniawan, Nia
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 11, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.11.01.06

Abstract

Snake venom phospholipase A2s (svPLA2s) has been known as the most abundant component and predominant cause of Russell’s viper envenomation. Limitation to serum therapy and considerable pharmacological interest led the researcher to synthesized multi-toxic PLA2 inhibitors, δ2-isoxazolines derivate. Although δ2- isoxazolines derivate already proved inhibitor activity in Group II svPLA2 with known IC50, their mechanism of action remains unveiled. Our recent study investigated their inhibitory activity via molecular docking. The virtual screening revealed that the ligand with diverse structures tied to the relatively same active site region. The result sheds light on the significance of His48 and Asp49 as part of the pro-inflammatory eliciting region. ADME analysis was also performed to filter and identify the best potential inhibitor acceptable for human use. This moiety leads to finding a better therapeutic strategy of svPLA2 inhibitors both as an alternative to serum anti-venom treatment.
Identification and characterization of a 2,2-dichloropropionic acid (2,2-DCP) degrading alkalotorelant bacterium strain BHS1 isolated from Blue Lake, Turkey Abdul Wahhab, Batool Hazim; Khairul Anuar, Nurul Fatin Syamimi; Abdul Wahab, Roswanira; Al Nimer, Marwan S.M.; Samsulrizal, Nurul HIdayah; Abdul Hamid, Azzmer Azzar; Edbeib, Mohamed Faraj; Kaya, Yilmaz; Huyop, Fahrul
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 10, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.10.03.08

Abstract

An acid, 2,2-dichloropropionic acid (2,2-DCP) is an active ingredient in herbicide (Dalapon®). Using 2,2-DCP as a model substrate, an alkalotolerant bacterium was successfully isolated from the Blue Lake, Turkey. This bacterium is a potential bioremediation agent of recalcitrant xenobiotic halogenated compounds. This study aimed to prove the efficacy of the alkalotolerance Bacillus megaterium BHS1 in degrading 2,2-DCP as the sole source of carbon. Biolog GEN III system and 16S rRNA analysis were used for the identification of the bacterium. It was discovered that the strain BHS1 is Bacillus megaterium, and the bacterium that was observed to thrive in alkaline conditions (pH 7.0−14.0), supplemented with varying concentrations of 2,2-DCP (from 20 to 60 mM). Growth of strain BHS1 was exceptional in 40 mM of 2,2-DCP at pH 9, corresponding to a cell doubling time of 17.7 hour, whereas was fully inhibited at 50 mM 2,2-DCP. Since halogenated pollutants can make their way into highly alkaline environments, therefore, identifying threshold levels of strain BHS1 with respect to alkaline-tolerance and maximum level of 2,2-DCP may prove pertinent. This is to ensure that an optimal environment is created for the bacteria to degrade 2,2-DCP-contaminated water. In addition, this is the first study exploring a Bacillus species isolated from an alkaline environment adept in utilizing 2,2-DCP as a sole source of carbon. Hence, the ability of this strain to degrade other types of haloalkanoic acids constitutes a worthy future study.
High Potential of Liquid Smoke from Coconut Shell (Cocos nucifera) for Biological Control of Rice Bug (Leptocorisa oratorius Fabricius) Gama, Zulfaidah Penata; Purnama, Rizky Mulyo Adi; Melani, Dewi
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 11, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.11.01.11

Abstract

Rice bug (Leptocorisa oracorius F) is one of the most dangerous pests for paddy commodities (Oryza sativa) in the world. The use of liquid smoke was popular among local farmers to control rice bug. A coconut shell is the main source for making liquid smoke. This research aims to analyse rice bugs' mortality and antifeedant activity when dipped with coconut shell liquid smoke. The liquid smoke's effectiveness was measured by dipping paddy (5 grams in weight) that is previously soaked with coconut shell liquid for 20 seconds. The liquid smoke was prepared in various concentrations, ranging from 0% as a control; 0.50%; 0.75%; 1%; 1.25% and 1,50%. Observations were made at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 and 168 hours. Data analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA test, using SPSS program followed by a 0.05 Tukey test to determine the significance of the rice bug pest mortality. The study resulted that the mortality values from low concentrations to high concentrations were 40%, 46.67%, 60%, 70%, and 80% over seven days. The antifeedant percentage of liquid smoke increased from low concentrations to high concentrations respectively were 10.14%, 15.15%, 31.03%, 46.15%, and 68.88% during seven days. The concentration of liquid smoke that has the highest mortality was 1.50%. In conclusion, 1.50% of liquid smoke showed the highest percentage of mortality and antifeedant activity with 80% and 68.88%, respectively. In the future, it is hoped to develop this model for commercial consumption and reduce reliance on chemicals to control rice bugs. The use of pesticides can do more harm than good, especially to the environmental system.
Ethnobotany of three sea grass species from Port Blair, a step towards its conservation in Andaman Islands PJ, Mohammed Naufal; Padmavati, G
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 11, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.11.01.02

Abstract

Ethno-phycology is the study of the relationships of human society to flora and its ecosystem. In the marine world, ethno-biology is a thriving area of research which have yielded valuable ethno-biological knowledge. The main goal of the present study was to understand the effect of abiotic factors as well as the natural and anthropogenic disturbances that shape seagrass community in Andaman Island and to reveal the knowledge of the local people, about the significance of seagrass habitat and its conservation. The qualitative study on distribution of seagrasses in Chidiyatapu (11° 29' 30" to 11° 30' 34" N and 92° 35' 10" to 92° 42' 30" E) was carried out during December2012 to February 2013. A total of three seagrass species such as Thalassia hempirichi (Ehrenberg) Ascherson, 1871, Halodule uninervis  (R.Brown) J.D.Hooker 1858, Halophila ovalis (Forsskål) Ascherson 1882, where identified. Among them, T. hempirichi, and H. ovalis found in this study was reported to have the ethno-medicinal value from west coast of India. As a part of the study, the  semi-structured survey was carried out among the local coastal people to analyse the Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK). The survey has revealed the  unawareness of  coastal residents about the medicinal, nutritional as well as conservational values of seagrasses. An effective implementation has to be taken to make them aware that seagrasses are fundamental components of healthy marine ecosystems and the local livelihoods that rely on them. The present findings provide the first report on the ethno-phycology of seagrasses from South Andaman Island.
Bactericidal Potentiality of Purified Terpenoid Extracts from the Selected Sea Weeds and its Mode of Action Sumayya, Sabira Siraj; Lubaina, Abdulhadeef Shereefa; Murugan, Kumaraswamy
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 10, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.10.03.03

Abstract

Terpenoids are hydrocarbons involved in a variety of basic functions in plants such as growth, development and other physiological events. Terpenes and their associated molecules safe guard the organisms from pest, pathogen and herbivores. Similarly, therapeutically terpenoids function as antimicrobial agents against bacteria, fungi and viruses. The mechanism of bactericidal activities may be via inhibiting the synthesis of essential molecules like proteins, nucleic acids, cell-wall components, cell membrane derailment, bacterial DNA replication or inhibition of metabolic pathways. The crude methanolic extracts of the seaweeds were subjected to silica gel column chromatographic purification and eluted with different combinations of ethyl acetate: petroleum ether solvent systems. The eluted fractions were further subjected to thin layer chromatography and fractionated by GC-MS. The fractions obtained from Hypnea musciformis revealed the terpenoids such as eicosane, heneicosane, 2-pentadecnone, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, n- hexadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester, heptadecanoic acid methyl ester, 11-octadecanoic acid metyl ester, whereas Kappapycus alvarezii  displayed hexadecane, eicosane, heptadecane, octadecane, heneicosane, tricosane, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester and beta amyrin. Similarly, Gracillaria dura revealed hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, n- hexadecanoic acid, 11-octadecanoic acid and phytol. Subsequently, the bactericidal activities of the purified terpenoid extracts from the sea weeds were carried. Initially, the extracts were tested for their in vitro antibacterial activity against six bacterial strains such as three Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis) and three Gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) by disc diffusion method. The results revealed that the purified terpenoid extracts of G. dura exhibited significant bactericidal potentiality against S. mutans as compared to other strains. The zone of inhibition, MIC and MBC values narrate the efficacy of the purified terpenoid extract of the species. Remarkable leaching of metabolites like protein and DNA further substantiates the MIC and MBC results. Scanning electron microscopic observations such as clumping, irregularity of cells and ballooned walls reflect the possible membrane damage accounted in the cells by the terpenoid extracts. Further studies are planned to validate the above data by using molecular tools.
Maternal Diet During Pregnancy and COVID-19 Susceptibility of Offspring: The “Thrifty Phenotype Hypothesis” Connection Deocaris, Custer C; Alinsug, Malona V
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 11, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.11.01.07

Abstract

There is accumulating evidence suggesting that ACE2, the host cell receptor for the spike (S) protein of the SARS-CoV-2, mediates viral entry and infection, is under epigenetic control. Here, we discuss studies suggesting a nutritional strategy for down-regulating ACE2 expression in tissues of offspring through the phenomenon of maternal epigenomic reprogramming mediated by maternal diet. The "thrifty hypothesis" was first proposed by Hales and Barker, which posits that specific genes are programmed based on early-life experience to promote efficient fat deposition and storage in adulthood. Our analysis of the proposed mechanism for "early life programming" in this paper via nutritional modulation of histone acetylation and DNA methylation goes beyond the physiological consequence of boosting the innate cellular resistance to a viral transmission. During the pandemic, where there is still no specific antiviral drug or a widely disseminated vaccine for COVID-19, we hypothesize that an epigenomic nutrition approach may be a practical approach to help mitigate viral transmission offspring.
Increasing Growth Tiger Prawn (Penaeus monodon) Using Organic Diet of Sauropus androgynous Awaludin, Awaludin; Abdiani, Ira Maya; Arsyidi, Ahmad; Rukisah, Rukisah
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 10, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.10.03.09

Abstract

Sauropus androgynous contain chemical compounds that can increase the growth of tiger prawn. This study aims to determine the growth of tiger prawns after giv- ing S. androgynous leaves ethanol extract mixed in feed. The research method uses a completely randomized design (CRD) 4 treatments, three replications. Treatment with a dose of Treatment 1 (T1) Control without giving S. androgynous extract, Treatment 2 (T2) 5 gr/kg of feed, Treatment 3 (T3) 50 gr/kg of feed, Treatment 4 (T4) 100 gr/kg of feed. Proximate test results of S. androgynous extract crude pro- tein content of 10.83%, crude fiber 1.87%, crude fat 0.85%, ash content 1.94%, dry weight 93.62%, and extract material without nitrogen 78.13%. Based on the results of the study, the weight growth and growth length statistically showed significantly different (P < 0.05). The highest growth of tiger prawn at the end of the study was found in P4 by giving S. androgynous leaf extract with an average weight growth value (70.18 ± 9.57 g). While the lowest weight growth was observed in T1 with  an average weight growth value (32.62 ± 7.54 g). The highest length growth was found in T4 with average length (1.19 ± 0.10 cm), while the lowest length growth was seen in T1 with average length growth (0.62 ± 0.09 cm).
Evaluation on the Legal Trade of Tokay gecko (Lacertidae; Gekkonidae; Gekko gecko Linnaeus, 1758) in Indonesia Kurniawan, Nia; Hamidy, Amir; Ardiantoro, Ari
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 11, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.11.01.12

Abstract

Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko) is a large-sized gecko from the genus of Gekko, which is most commonly found from South Asia, southern China, and Southeast Asia. In Indonesia, these species are common to inhabit human-modified habitat in Sumatera, Borneo, Java, Bali, Lesser Sundas, Sulawesi, and Moluccas. In recent years, the demand for Tokay gekko with high use-value in both national and international markets has increased, one of which is used for traditional medicine. This situation raised the concern on the decreasing of the wild population and the validity of captive breeding programs that produced a large number of individuals. Several reports had estimated millions of individuals have been exported from Indonesia either legally or illegally, however, the exact number never been reported. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the trend on the harvested Tokay gecko and its origin based on the source code information. The data were collected from government records, including specimens harvested from the wild and specimens produced from captivity during 2013 - 2018 (six years). The results showed that the legally exported specimens were sourced from wild (W) and captive breeding (C or F). The total numbers of individuals exported from the wild harvest are 97.146, and all export realization is below the wild harvest quota. However, there are the large numbers of individuals exported and declared as specimens produced from the captive breeding facilities (6.965.000 with source code F, and 1.236.000 with source code C). More importantly, the high level of specimens produced from captive breeding facilities is unlikely to match with the biological capacity of this species. Therefore, we predict that specimens labeled captive breeding were likely sourced from the wild.
Dehalogenases for pollutant degradation in brief: A mini review Zakary, sefatullah; Oyewusi, Habeebat Adekilekun; Huyop, Fahrul
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 11, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.11.01.03

Abstract

Dehalogenases are microbial enzyme catalysed the cleavage of carbon-halogen bond of halogenated organic compounds. It has potential use in the area of biotechnology such as bioremediation and chemical industry. Halogenated organic compounds can be found in a considerable amount in the environment due to utilization in agriculture and industry, such as pesticides and herbicides. The presence of halogenated compound in the environment have been implicated on the health and natural ecosystem. Microbial dehalogenation is a significant method to tackle this problem. This review intends to briefly describe the microbial dehalogenases in relation to the environment where they are isolated. The basic information about dehalogenases in relation to dehalogenation mechanisms, classification, sources and the transportation of these pollutants into bacterial cytoplasm will be described. We also summarised readily available synthetic halogenated organic compound in the environment.
A Study of Mercury Pollution in Water, Sediment, and Lais (Kryptopterus) Fish in the Melawi Watershed Triswanto, Bambang; Widodo, Muhammad Agus; Ardiningsih, Puji
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 10, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.10.03.04

Abstract

Mercury (Hg) is a heavy metal that is very dangerous and toxic. Melawi River, a river with a length of 471 m, passes through four districts namely Menukung, Ella Hulu, Ella Hilir, and Nanga Pinoh which are the main water transportation routes in Melawi regency. This research was aimed to determine the concentration of mercury in water, sediments and Lais (Kryptopterus) fish of mercury bioconcentration factors, and the safety level of consumption the contaminated Lais (Kryptopterus) fish. The mercury measurement using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) showed that the average concentration of mercury found in the water was 1.80×10-4 ppm, sediments 1.33×10-2 ppm, and Lais fish 0.291 ppm. Meanwhile, the average bioconcentration factor (BCF) of mercury in Lais fish was 1.677 ppm. The maximum daily consumption of Lais fish that were safe for the community consumption at the Melawi watershed was 0,026 kg /day for adults and 0.006 kg/day for the children.

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