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Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 20875517     EISSN : 25274376     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science
The Journal of Tropical Life Science (JTLS) provides publication of full-length papers, short communication and review articles describing of new finding or theory in living system, cells and molecular level in tropical life science and related areas. The journal publishes articles that report novel findings of wide Tropical Life system phenomenon in the areas of biodiversity, agriculture, fisheries, health, husbandry, forestry and environmental technology. JTLS has 1 volume with 3 issues per year.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 986 Documents
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Potential and Performance of Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) in Obtaining Bioactive Compounds from Bee Propolis as Compared with Other Extraction Methods Mojica, Elmer-Rico E.; Charland, Jozlyn M; Deocaris, Custer C; Micor, Jose Rene L
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 11, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.11.02.08

Abstract

Propolis is a natural resinous substance collected by honeybees from buds and exudates of trees. The material has attracted much attention in recent years as a functional food component since it possesses various biological properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidative, and anti-ulcer properties. In this study, the performance of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) was assessed and compared with varying methods of extraction: soaking (maceration), ultrasonication, and microwave-assisted methods. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and other spectroscopic techniques, such as absorbance and fluorescence, were employed to assess the efficiency in the extraction of natural products. The antioxidant activity and phenolic content of the different extracts were also determined. Results showed samples obtained from the microwave method showed the highest yield. Some issues and recommendations on the application of ASE for extracting natural products from bee propolis were discussed.
ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONAL LEAF TRAIT VARIATION AMONG THE DOMINANT UNDERSTOREY SPECIES IN THE PINE FOREST OF MORNI HILLS, PANCHKULA, HARYANA. Jakhar, Somveer; Dhiman, Himanshi; Saharan, Harikesh
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 11, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.11.02.13

Abstract

Functional diversity is an essential concept in the field of functional ecology. It refers to the relative abundance, range and value of the functional traits present in a given community or ecosystem. Plant functional traits (leaf traits, stem traits, root traits etc.) create a link between ecosystem processes and plant physiology, and thus offer a powerful means to study the global change on vegetation dynamics and ecosystem processes. When plant species grow in different environments, their physiological and functional traits get modify due to change in site specific conditions. In the present study, leaf functional traits (leaf size-LS, specific leaf area-SLA, leaf dry matter content-LDMC, leaf nitrogen content-LNC, leaf phosphorus content-LNC and leaf nitrogen to phosphorus ratio-N:P) of twelve dominant understorey species (6 shrubs  and 6 herbs) were examined in the Pine forest of Morni Hills range of lower Shivaliks, Haryana, India. During the study, the maximum value of leaf size was obtained for Murraya koenigii and Cynoglossum zeylanicum; while the maximum value of LDMC was obtained for Toxicodendron parviflorum and Dicliptera chinensis among shrubs and herbs respectively. Other than this, highest value of SLA, LPC and LNC were calculated for Parthenium hysterophorus among shrubs and Oxalis corniculata among herbs. The calculated values were also found to be significantly correlated among the selected plant species.
DNA Barcoding for Selected Mangrove-Based Estuary Fishes from Way Kambas National Park, Lampung Province, Indonesia Ariyanti, Yanti; Rini, Ika Agus; Oktaviani, Indah; Leksikowati, Sovia Santi
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 11, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.11.02.04

Abstract

Over the past decade, DNA barcoding has provided new insight into fish ecology and biosystematics and led to new species' discovery. DNA barcoding is a method for the recognition and identification of species using short, standardised DNA fragments. The correct taxonomic identification of species is critical for the assessment and monitoring of biodiversity. This study applied DNA barcoding techniques to identify selected fish species from a mangrove-based estuary in Way Kambas National Park, Lampung Province, Indonesia. The gene encoding cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) was amplified and bi-directionally sequenced from 22 specimens. The resulting 680 base pairs (bp) sequence was used to identify species, obtain phylogenetic information, and analyse genetic distances. A neighbour-joining tree was constructed based on the mitochondrial COI gene using the Kimura two-parameter model. This study also exhibits conservation status for those identified species. Our findings will facilitate future studies of fish species diversity in mangrove estuary-based ecosystems and provide preliminary data in policymaking in conservation areas such as National Park.
Relationship between Cysteine, Interleukin (IL)-2, And Interleukin (IL)-10 in Children with Marasmus Type Malnutrition Wahyudi, Teguh; Puryatni, Anik; Hernowati, Tinny Endang
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 6, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.06.01.10

Abstract

 Malnutrition is one of the health issues in developing countries. The most commonly found malnutrition is the marasmus type. Infection in marasmus patient is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. In marasmus, there is a decrease in protein level such as cysteine which is one of the glutathione forming components that plays a significant role in immune system. In malnutrition, there is a disturbance of lymphocyte in the form of down-regulation of type 1 cytokine (IL-2 and IFN-γ) and up- regulation of type 2 cytokine (IL-4 and IL-10). IL-2 is needed for the development of regulatory T produced by thymus and for NK cell cytotoxicity which plays a role in infection process, while IL-10 inhibits activation of lymphocyte T so the cellular immunity reaction ends. Several studies about the relationship between cysteine, IL-2, and IL-10 have been done in malnutrition-patients, but there is no study focusing on patients with marasmus. This study is to find out the relationship between cysteine, IL-2, and IL-10 in patients with marasmus type malnutrition. This study was an observational analytic study using cross-sectional design consisting of 20 children with marasmus type malnutrition and 20 well-nourished children treated in Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang. The cysteine, IL-2, and IL-10 level then measured using Elisa method. Normality and the various test were done. The Pearson correlation test was done to find out the relationship between cysteine and IL-2 level, cysteine and IL-10 level, and IL-2 and IL-10. The standard of cysteine and IL-2 level in children with marasmus is significantly lower than the control group, which was 1.616 ± 1.039 vs 3.298 ± 0.519 pg/mL; p = 0.000 dan 12.38±4.94 vs. 16.58 ± 4.80 pg/mL;p = 0.010, respectively. IL-10 in children with marasmus was significantly higher than control group (19.08± 5.93 vs 10.46 ± 3.90 pg/mL; p = 0.000). The cysteine level was positively correlated to the IL-2 level (p = 0.000; r = 0.71), while the cysteine and IL-10, IL-2 and IL-10 was negatively correlated with p = 0.014; r= -0.53 and p=0.037; r= -0.46 in marasmus. There was a positive correlation between the cysteine and IL-2 level and negative correlation between IL-10 and IL-2 also IL-2 and IL-10 in children with marasmus. 
Population flux of the house sparrow Passer domesticus Linnaeus 1758 in Chinnamanur town, Uthamapalayam taluk of Theni district, Tamil Nadu, India Meeran, Mohamed; Marjuk, Syed; Byrose, Mohammed; Arivoli, Subramanian; Tennyson, Samuel; Fathima, Syedali
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 11, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.11.02.09

Abstract

A thorough study of house sparrow behaviour and its population is essential to revive its population status which is the need of the hour. Therefore, the nature of sparrow population, their nests, water and food sources, interspecific competitions and noise pollution were taken into consideration in the present investigation, which documented its first research carried at Chinnamanur town, Uthamapalayam taluk of Theni district, Tamil Nadu, India. The study period was divided into summer and winter seasons and the survey was carried out for a period of nine months from April 2019 to December 2019 by point count and ebird data method. A total of 542 house sparrows were counted of which 250 was present in summer and 292 in winter. The overall house sparrow population in Chinnamanur town, related to the summer and winter seasons exhibited the range of correlation coefficient value to be 0.94 indicating a very strong positive correlation. Above all, the present study revealed that mobile phone towers were not the main reason for the decline of house sparrows, rather it was loss of habitat and food, urbanization, noise pollution, interspecific competition and conversion of agricultural lands into plots.
Secondary Metabolite Ceiba pentandra Gaertn. as Biological Control to Canker Disease on Dragon Fruit Masnillah, Rachmi; Budi, Ival Oktavian Nurtian; Pradana, Ankardiansyah Pandu; Alfarisy, Fariz Kustiawan
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 11, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.11.03.10

Abstract

Canker diseases caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum are a serious threat for dragon fruit production.  Comprehensive and environmentally friendly control efforts are needed to reduce yield losses due to this disease. Cottonwood (Ceiba pentandra) is one of the plants that contain complex phytochemicals that can control phyto-pathogens. This study aimed to examine the potential of secondary metabolites produced from the leaves and bark of the C. pentandara as botanical fungicides. Parts of dragon fruit that are attacked by canker are isolated on Potatoes Dextrose Agar media. Observation of conidia and fungal spores using a binocular microscope with a magnification of 100×. The hyphal form of the N. dimidiatum is rectangular and clear. As botanical fungicides, the leaves and the bark of the C. pentandara are dried for 14 days. The extract solution then analyzed for it’s secondary metabolites. The results of the qualitative analysis showed that each leaf extract and bark (+) compound of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins. The quantitative results of secondary metabolites detected 304.3 mg.kg-1, Flavonoids and Tannins of 1.6 mg.kg-1. Secondary metabolites obtained were tested on the fungus N. dimidiatum with inhibitory parameters in vitro and in vivo. This study followed a factorial completely randomized design consisting of concentration factors and types of extract parts. The data obtained were then analyzed by ANOVA and significant treatments were further tested by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at α = 5%. The combination treatment with a concentration of 40 mg ml-1 is more effective in controlling canker in indicators of inhibitory, the extent of the attack, and intensity of disease severity.
Nanoelicitors Application Promote Antioxidant Capacity of Asparagus officinalis (In Vitro) Mohammadhassan, Reza; Ferdosi, Annahid; Seifalian, Alexander Marcus; Seifalian, Maral; Malmir, Shiva
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 11, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.11.03.01

Abstract

Nanoparticles recently play remarkable roles in modern agriculture and biotechnology due to specific exclusively physicochemical and biological characteristics of the particles. In recent years, nanoparticles are been using as fertilizers and elicitors to improve crops. Nutritionists are constantly seeking natural antioxidants without side effects to using for healthcare and treatment. Asparagus officinalis L. as medicinal plant treated by iron (0, 10, 50 and 100 mg/L) and selenium (0, 0.5,and 1 mg/L) nanoparticles as nano elicitors. Then the antioxidant capacity of A. officinalis L. was detected and measured by α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, for assessment of the antioxidant activity. The iron nanoparticlesconcentration significantly increases the antioxidant activity of both male and female asparagus stem, as well as selenium nanoparticles. When combined iron and selenium used as nano elicitors then cause the antioxidant activity significantly decreases. But the integration of two nano elicitors (iron and selenium) decreased antioxidant capacity while the use of nano-selenium could enhance antioxidant capacity. The application of nano elicitor increased antioxidant capacity in the female stem than male.
Physico-chemical Properties and Fish Composition of Ihawan Spring Community Watershed, Tandag, Surigao del Sur, Philippines Ojao, Melche D; Manatadi, Ecclesiastes E; Logronio, Pepito A; Raz, Julianne T; Cudal, Maricris Gansubin; Gracia Jr., Arturo G
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 11, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.11.03.13

Abstract

The first assessment study in aquatic ecosystem of Ihawan Spring Community Watershed revealed 23 species of fish belonging to 21 families from 22 genera. Species diversity is high, with values 1.88 and 0.42, respectively for Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index (‘H) and Simpsons Dominance (D). Out of the 21 families, Butidae and Eleotridae had the highest species composition (8.70%). Interestingly, the fish composition of Ihawan Spring Community Watershed was primarily composed of native (19 spp.), one (1 spp.) endemic, with two (2 spp.) recorded introduced species and one (1 spp.) Invasive Alien Species. The presence of dominant species of native species indicates the healthy state of the freshwater ecosystem of Ihawan Spring Community Watershed. However, the recently classified Invasive Alien Species of Oreochromis niloticus or Nile tilapia may attribute a negative impact in the river ecosystem that may result in the possible decline of native and endemic fish species present in the area. Whereas, the in- situ reading of some physico-chemical parameters like temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH of the Ihawan Spring Community Watershed river ecosystem revealed that all parameter tested have passed the standards set by the Philippine Water Quality Standards for Class AA (potable water) intended primarily for waters having watersheds which are inhabited and otherwise protected. From the findings, additional study especially on the abundance of recorded introduced and Invasive Alien Species is highly recommended to monitor the population abundance between the introduced, Invasive Alien Species, native and endemic species and to establish a real profile of the aquatic ecosystem of Ihawan Spring Community Watershed.
Clinical and Laboratory Features of COVID-19 in Ulin Referral Hospital of South Kalimantan: Predictors of Clinical Outcome Haryati, Haryati; Isa, Mohamad; Assagaf, Ali; Nurrasyidah, Ira; Kusumawardhani, Erna; Suhartono, Eko; Arganita, Fidya Rahmadhany
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 11, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.11.03.06

Abstract

Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) is becoming a global pandemic. Indonesia, especially South Kalimantan had recorded increasing cases with a high fatality rate of 3.7%. Information about factors related to outcomes based on clinical and laboratory features in Indonesia is still limited. Identification of the risk is crucial to determine optimal management and reducing mortality. This retrospective study enrolled 455 adults COVID-19 patients, and data were extracted from medical records of Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin. The latter is COVID-19 referral hospital in South Kalimantan between March-November 2020. Demographic data, comorbidities, and laboratory were all collected. Data were compared between survivors and non-survivors. Fisher’s exact test and chi-square were used to compare categorical variables. The Mann_Whitney U test was used to compare continuous variables. Analysis was continued by multivariate logistic regression then receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to determine cut-off value. The multivariate analysis showed that number of comorbidities [odds ratio (OR) 1,339 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1,064-1,685, P = 0,013) was a significant risk factor to the outcome. In laboratory, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) [OR: 1.001, 95% CI: 1,000-1.002, P = 0.001], Ferritin (OR 1.000, CI: 1,000-1.001, P = 0.013), APTT (OR: 1.045, CI: 1.010-1.082, P = 0.012), and D-dimer (OR: 1.188, CI: 1.064 - 1.327, P = 0.002) were significant predictor factors but only LDH, ferritin, and D- dimer were obtained good AUC 0.731, 0.715, and 0.705, respectively. The cut of the value of LDH was 656.5 U/L, ferritin was 672.18 ng/ml, and D-dimer was 2.28 mg/L. Sensitivity and specificity were 66.7% and 68,0% for LDH, 83,2% and 56,3% for ferritin, and 62,8 and 70,8% for D-dimer. From this research, we revealed that the number of comorbidities was a risk factor for death. Elevated LDH, ferritin, and D-dimer could be good predictive factors for poor outcomes, thereby considering the accelerating management of COVID-19 patients.
A Review on Enzymatic Response to Salt Stress and Genomic/Metagenomic Analysis of Adaptation Protein in Hypersaline Environment Oyewusi, Habeebat Adekilekun; Muhammad, Muhammad; Wahab, Roswanira Abdul; Huyop, Fahrul
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol 11, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.11.03.11

Abstract

Microorganisms adapted to conditions of high salinity (low water activity) provide an understanding on how the problem of maintaining an efficient cell integrity under high osmotic stress conditions that had been tackled naturally. Almost all microbes adapting to extreme situations either by intracellularly amass inorganic ions (K+) to counterbalance high salt concentration or by synthesizing and accumulating certain organic solutes called compatible solutes that confer protection without affecting cell functions and this process may be chloride ion dependent in some microorganisms. However, the use of culture-independent method like genomic or metagenomics shields more light on the microbial diversity, gene structure and regulation as well as discovery of novel genes that led to understanding of their adaptation mechanism and roles in extreme environments. Therefore, microbes that survive this natural attenuation aimed at acclimatizing with the extreme environments could serve as the sources of biotechnologically essential molecules with an extensive array of uses.

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