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EFEKTIVITAS SEDUHAN TEH HITAM (Camellia sinensis) DALAM PENURUNAN INDEKS PLAK GIGI (Tinjauan pada Siswa SMP 2 Banjarbaru) Feryra Putri Ayu Suma; Nurdiana Dewi; Rosihan Adhani
Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Vol 1, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : FKG Unlam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/dentino.v1i2.571

ABSTRACT Background :Black tea is a type of tea most commonly drunk in Indonesian. Black tea contains compounds that can prevent gum disease by inhibiting the formation of dental plaque. Polyphenols in black tea are the main components that can inhibit glucan from sucrose having adhesion and important in inhibiting plaque. In addition, polyphenols also kill the bacteria that causes dental plaque).Purpose : This studied aims to determine the effectiveness of black tea (Camellia sinensis) in dental plaque index decline instudents junior high school 2 Banjarbaru. Methods : The method used an a quasi experiment with design pre- and post-test with control group design. The subjects of this study consisted of a group that rinsing the mouth with black tea and groups that rinsing the mouth with mineral water. These samples included 30 people in the group of black tea rinse your mouth and 30 people in the group of mineral water rinse your mouth. Result :The results showed obtained p value (probability value) of the test p = 0.000, smaller than 0.05 or α (p = 0.000 <α 0.05), so that is the difference in plaque index between the group of black tea and mineral waters. Conclusion : The conclusion is there are conducted can be concluded that the steeping black tea (Camellia sinensis) was good to reduce decreased dental plaque index decline in students junior high school 2 Banjarbaru. Key words: black tea, mineral water, plaque index ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Teh hitam adalah jenis teh paling sering diminum di Indonesia. Teh hitam mengandung senyawa yang dapat mencegah timbulnya penyakit gigi dan mulut dengan menghambat pembentukan plak gigi.Polifenol dalam teh hitam merupakan komponen utama yang dapat menghambat glukan dari sukrosa yang mempunyai daya lekat dan penting dalam menghambat plak. Selain itu polifenol juga membunuh bakteri penyebab plak gigi). Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas teh hitam (Camellia sinensis) dalam penurunan indeks plak gigi pada siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 2 Banjarbaru. Metode : Jenis penelitian ini adalah Quasi Experiment dengan rancangan pre and post-test with control group design. Subyek penelitian ini terdiri dari satu kelompok yang berkumur-kumur dengan teh hitam dan kelompok yang berkumur-kumur dengan air mineral.Sampel penelitian berjumlah 30 orang pada kelompok kumur-kumur teh hitam dan 30 orang pada kelompok kumur-kumur air mineral. Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa p value (nilai probabilitas) dari uji tersebut p = 0,000, lebih kecil dari α 0,05 atau (p = 0,000 < α 0,05), sehingga ada perbedaan indeks plak pada kelompok teh hitam dan air mineral. Kesimpulan : Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa seduhan teh hitam (Camellia sinensis) efektif dalam penurunan indeks plak gigi pada siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 2 Banjarbaru. Kata-kata kunci: teh hitam, air mineral,plak indeks

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF OMEGA-3 MACKEREL FISH OIL ON THE DENSITY OF TOOTH ENAMEL In Vivo Study of White Rat (Rattus novergicus) Sandy Christiono; Arina Manashika; Erdianto Setya Wardhana
Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Vol 4, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : FKG Unlam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/dentino.v4i2.7058

Background: Consuming cariogenic foods can cause calcium demineralization which is characterized by the appearance of dental caries. One effort on the prevention of dental caries is by consuming Mackerel fish oil that contains omega-3 fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids, and vitamins that are beneficial for the body. Purpose: The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of omega-3 Mackerel fish oil on the density of tooth enamel in white rat (Rattus norvegicus). Method: This study applied an experimental research method with randomized posttest only control group design. Samples were comprised of 20 rats taken from 6 pregnant female rats which later divided into two groups: a treatment group administered orally with omega-3 Mackerel oil as much as 1ml / 200 mg BB and an aquadest control group. The treatment was administered during pregnancy period until the eruption of the teeth. Rats were euthanized to extract the tooth and enamel density was observed using micro-CT. The data were then analyzed with Levene’s homogeneity test and were preceded to independent T-test. Result: The average enamel density of the treatment group was 1155.18340 while the control group was 175.91640. Based on independent t test between the two groups, a significant difference in tooth enamel density of Rattus Noevegicus was obtained (p <0.05). Conclusion: The administration of omega-3 Mackerel fish oil may increase the density of tooth enamel in White Rat (Rattus norvegicus).

EFFECT OF 25%, 37,5% AND 50% MAULI BANANA (Musa acuminata) STEM EXTRACT AS MOUTHWASH ON COLOR STABILITY OF BULK FILL RESIN COMPOSITE Dewi Puspitasari; Maharani Laillyza Apriasari
Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Vol 3, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : FKG Unlam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/dentino.v3i2.5373

Background:. Mauli banana stem extract can be used as an herbal mouthwash. The use of mouthwash in the oral cavity may be in contact with tissue mucosa, dentition and restorations. Bulk-fill composite resin is currently used as restoration. Composite resins have a tendency to experience discoloration. One of the factors that may cause color changes in composite resins is the use of mouthwash. Purpose: to analyze the effect of 25% mauli banana stem extract, 37.5% and 50% as a mouthwash to the color change in bulk-resin composite resin restoration. Method: This study was purely experimental pretest and posttest group design. Composite resin specimens was fabricated accordingISO 4791: 2000 specifications, molds of 17 mm in diameter and 1 mm thickness. There were 5 treatment groups that composite resin samples were immersed in the distilled as negative control, 25% mauli banana extract solution, 37.5% and 50% and chlorhexidine gluconate as positive control. Data analysis used one way Annova statistical test. Result: there were significant differences in the composite resin group immersed in aquades, chlorhexidine and mauli banana stem extracts, but there was no significant difference in the mauli banana extract stem at different concentrations. Conclusion: mauli banana stem extract causes the highest color change in composite resin when used as a mouthwash.

PERBEDAAN SKOR INDEKS PLAK SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH DILAKUKAN PENYULUHAN DENGAN MEDIA VIDEO DAN MODEL STUDI Tinjauan Pada Siswa Tunarungu di SMPLB dan SMALB B Dharma Wanita Banjarmasin Riznika Riznika; Rosihan Adhani; Beta Widya Oktiani; Isnur Hatta
Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Vol 2, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : FKG Unlam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/dentino.v2i1.2599

ABSTRACTBackground: The severity of oral health problem of hearing-impaired people is worse than normal-hearing population (tooth caries prevalence 83,92%). Hearing-impaired people have more untreated dental problems. One of the dental problems is plaque. Plaque can be prevented by brushing teeth correctly, which can be taught through socialization. Purpose: This research was aimed to find out the different plaque index scores before and after the socialization through using video and study model to hearing-impaired students at SMPLB and SMALB B Dharma Wanita Banjarmasin. Methods: This research was the quasi experimental, which used pre and posttest with control group design. The research subjects were 24 hearing-impaired students: 12 SMPLB students and 12 SMALB B students. All the subjects had plaques index scores pre-examination and pre-scoring through O’Leary method. Experimental group was socialized through video and study model, and was instructed to brush teeth two times a day for seven days: after having breakfast and before sleeping, whereas control group was not socialized and instructed. After the seventh day, all the subjects had their plaque index score re-examined and re-scored. Results: Showed decrease on experimental group’s mean score (the first mean 41,35±18,76, the final mean 20,37±8,36), the paired t-test result was significant(p)=0,001 which showed significant difference. The final mean score of experimental group (20,37±8,36) was different from the control group’s mean score (60,91±24,66), the independent t-test was p=0,000, which showed significant difference. Conclusion: There was different plaque index scores before and after the socialization, and also between the experimental and control group.Keywords: plaque, hearing-impaired person, socialization, video, study model

AKTIVITAS DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BELIMBING WULUH DAN SODIUM HIPOKLORIT TERHADAP Enterococcus faecalis (In Vitro) Rohmatun Nisa; Isyana Erlita; Lia Yulia Budiarti
Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Vol 2, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : FKG Unlam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/dentino.v2i2.4000

Background: Enterococcus faecalis is gram-positive bacteria that cause the failure of root canal treatment. Effective method to eliminate Enterococcus faecalis in root canal by using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 5.25%. Natural materials can be inhibiting the growth of gram-positive bacteria including Enterococcus sp. is a compound of tannins, saponins and flavonoids. Purpose: This study aims to know the differences of inhibition of the activity in ethanol extract of wuluh starfruit leaves (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 5.25% against Enterococcus faecalis. Methods: This study was using true experimental research design, post test-only with control group design that the treatments which being tested were ethanol extract of starfruit leaf 40%, 50%, 60% and NaOCl 5.25%. Antibacterial effect tested with diffusion method and the parameters measured by the amount of inhibition zone formed in the media of the test. The data analysis using Kruskall-Wallis test and next testing of Mann Whitney. Results: The results showed that ethanol extract of wuluh starfruit leaf with concentration 40%, 50%, 60% and NaOCl 5.25% against Enterococcus faecalis as measured from inhibition zone are 13.37 mm, 16.50 mm, 18 39 mm and 21.30 mm. The data analysis using Kruskall-Wallis test, the results this research is p=0.000 (p<0.05) then there are a differences in the inhibitory activity between each group, and next testing of Mann Whitney that results is p=0.002 (p<0.05) show meaningful differences between each group. Conclusion: The conclusion is the differences in the inhibitory activity of ethanol extract of starfruit leaf extract and sodium hypoclorite 5,25% against Enterococcus faecalis.

THE DIFFERENCE OF SALIVARY SECRETORY IMMUNOGLOBULIN A (sIgA) LEVEL BETWEEN MALE ASTHMATIC CHILDREN AND FEMALE ASTHMATIC CHILDREN Yenni Elfira; Indah Titien Suprihati
Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Vol 3, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : FKG Unlam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/dentino.v3i1.4602

Background: Asthma is chronic airway inflammatory disorder where mast cells, eosinophils, and T lymphocytes play important role.The symptoms include wheezing, recurrent cough, shortness of breath, and suppressed chest. The age prevalence of asthma children is quite high and increases annually. Asthma affects boys twice the rate of the asthma as girl. Asthmatic patients need local immunity and antibodies so infections that occur in the oral cavity as a result of inhalation medication use can be avoided. The antibody of the oral defense system is secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA). Objective: To explain the difference in salivary sIgA levels in male asthmatic children and female asthmatic children.Methods: The study was conducted on 21 subjects of asthmatic children consisted of 11 male and 10 female with the age range 9-11 years. Saliva sampling was taken in RSKP Respira Bantul, then it was taken to Laboratory of Molecular Biology FK UGM for ELISA test. Saliva was taken by Spitting method for 1.5 mL and done in the morning from 8-11 hours. Subjects were not allowed to eat 1 hour prior to salivary taking. Anamnesis and clinical examinationwere performed to see the condition of oral cavity, social status, and nutritional status. Saliva measurementusing Anti-human sIgA ELISA kit (Elebscience). Data were analyzed using Independent T test. Results:The mean of sIgA level in males was 0.18 × 10 ± 0.06 and females was 0.15 × 10 ± 0.03. Based on the results of the Independent T test, it was found that the p value =0.283 (p> 0.05). Conclusion: There is no difference in sIgA levels between male and female patients.

ANALISIS SITOGENIK MIKRONUKLEUS MUKOSA BUKAL PADA PEROKOK AKTIF DAN PASIF Noryunita Rahmah; Nurdiana Dewi; Suka Dwi Raharja
Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Vol 1, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : FKG Unlam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/dentino.v1i1.410

ABSTRACT Background: Smoking is well known as a habit that negatively impact both smokers and non-smokers but inhaling cigarette smoke or passive smokers. Nicotin compounds of cigarette and cigarette smoke are one of genotoxic compounds that will be nitrosated and form nitrosamines compound that may cause the damage of DNA. DNA damage which is caused by genotoxic compound will be manifested as micronucleus, a second nucleus smaller than the original nucleus. Purpose: This study aims to identify whether the number of micronucleus in active smokers was higher than passive smokers. Method: This study was observational research with cross-sectional approach with primary data, which was oral buccal mucosa swab of active and passive smokers. The total sample is 30 for each group. Results: The results of this study showed average 1,61. Mann Whitney± 1,81 and 14,47±number of active and passive smokers’ buccal micronucleus were 19,60 test results showed there was significant difference of number micronucleus between active and passive smokers (p=0,000).Conclusion: Based on this study it can be concluded the number of buccal micronucleus on active smokers was higher than passive smokers ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Merokok merupakan salah satu kebiasaan yang dapat memberikan dampak negatif baik bagi penghisapnya maupun orang yang tidak merokok, tetapi menghirup asap rokok, atau biasa dikenal dengan perokok pasif. Kandungan nikotin pada rokok dan asap rokok merupakan salah satu senyawa genotoksik yang akan mengalami nitrosasi menjadi senyawa nitrosamin yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan DNA. Kerusakan DNA akibat paparan genotoksik dapat bermanifestasi sebagai mikronukleus, yaitu inti sel kedua yang berukuran lebih kecil dari inti sel sejati. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah rata-rata jumlah mikronukleus pada perokok aktif lebih tinggi dibanding perokok pasif. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional yang menggunakan data primer yaitu preparat swab mukosa bukal dari kelompok perokok aktif dan pasif. Jumlah sampel masing-masing kelompok adalah 30 orang. Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan rata-rata jumlah mikronukleus mukosa bukal pada perokok aktif 1,61. Uji statistik Mann Whitney menunjukkan perbedaan yang± 1,81 dan 14,47 ±dan pasif adalah 19,60 signifikan antara perokok aktif dan pasif (p=0,000) .Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa rata-rata jumlah mikronukleus mukosa bukal pada perokok aktif lebih tinggi dibanding perokok pasif

GAMBARAN DAN PERMINTAAN PASIEN TERHADAP FASYANKES GIGI DI PUSKESMAS KOTA BANJARMASIN Nita Herlina; Nurdiana Dewi; Suka Dwi Raharja
Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Vol 1, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : FKG Unlam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/dentino.v1i1.425

ABSTRACT Background: Utilization of dental care facilities by communities are still lacking in Public Health Center of Banjarmasin, but the level of tooth decays are still high. But, patients’ description and demands of dental health facilities in Public Health Center remain unexplored. Purpose: This research aims to identify the description and patients’ demands on dental care facilities in Public Health Center of Banjarmasin. Methode: This was a descriptive study, with sample of patients treated in dental care facilities in 10 Public Health Center of Banjarmasin. Result: The result showed that almost every respondents said that dental care facilities in Public Health of Banjarmasin for this moment were good in the case of health services and fares, and also for the infrastructure which the respondents said mediocre. Whereas, the patients’ demands that said poor or bad was asked the staff to act more polite, friendly, and hospitable, to act faster and more efficiently, also to understand the standard of dental care service. They also demanded more comfortable dental care facilities room, strategic and approachable location, also facilities that is updated and equipped. Conclusion: Based on this conducted research, it can be concluded that there was a few incompatibilities between patients’ demands and health service staff performance alongside the available tools and infrastructures of dental health facilities in Public Health Center of Banjarmasin. ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Pemanfaatan fasyankes gigi oleh masyarakat di Puskesmas Kota Banjarmasin masih rendah, tetapi tingkat kerusakan gigi masyarakatnya masih cukup tinggi. Namun, gambaran serta permintaan pasien terhadap fasyankes gigi di Puskesmas Kota Banjarmasin masih belum diketahui sampai saat ini. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran dan permintaan pasien terhadap fasyankes gigi di Puskesmas kota Banjarmasin. Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif, dengan sampel berupa pasien yang berobat ke fasyankes gigi di 10 Puskesmas Kota Banjarmasin. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hampir sebagian besar responden berpendapat bahwa gambaran fasyankes gigi di Puskesmas Kota Banjarmasin untuk saat ini sudah baik dalam hal pelayanan petugas kesehatan serta tarif, dan untuk sarana dan prasarana responden berpendapat cukup baik. Sedangkan, untuk permintaan pasien yang berpendapat kurang baik dan tidak baik meminta agar petugas kesehatan gigi bersikap lebih peduli, ramah dan akrab, cepat dan sigap, serta mampu menguasai standar pelayanan kedokteran gigi. Mereka juga meminta ruangan fasyankes gigi yang lebih nyaman, lokasi yang strategis dan mudah dijangkau, serta fasilitas yang diperbarui dan dilengkapi. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa terdapat sebagian kecil ketidaksesuaian antara permintaan pasien terhadap pelayanan petugas kesehatan serta sarana dan prasarana dengan kondisi yang ada pada saat ini di fasyankes gigi di Puskesmas Kota Banjarmasin.

KEKASARAN PERMUKAAN RESIN-MODIFIED GLASS IONOMER CEMENT SETELAH PERENDAMAN DALAM AIR SUNGAI (Penelitian Menggunakan Air Sungai Desa Anjir Pasar, Barito Kuala, Kalimantan Selatan) Anindya Putri Permatasari; Muhammad Yanuar Ichrom Nahzi; Widodo Widodo
Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Vol 1, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : FKG Unlam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/dentino.v1i2.565

ABSTRACT Background:Resin-modified glass ionomer cement is a hybrid form of glass ionomer cement and resin. Added resin (HEMA) in this material allows its characteristics to improve, especially its resistance of acid.The water of Desa Anjir Pasar River has acidic nature with pH as low as 3-5.Purpose: The aim of this studywas to find surface roughness difference of resin modified glass ionomer cement after being soaked in the water of Anjir Pasar Village River compared to aquadest-soaked materials.Method:This study was true experimental used posttest only with control group design. Samples used resin-modified-glass ionomer cement specimenswhich were prepared in cylindrical-shaped with diameter of 10 mm and thickness of 2 mm. One groupwassoaked in aquadest (control) andanother group in river water with pH of 4,07for 4,5 days (equivalent to 3 years of exposure) before measuring the surface roughness of each group. Data was analyzed using parametric analysis Independent T-Test 95% (α = 0,05) which presented p value = 0,03 (p<0,05). Result:The result indicated that there was a significant difference of surface roughness between resin modified glass ionomer cement soaked in the water of Anjir Pasar Village River with pH of 4,07 for 4,5 daysand in the aquadest.Conclusion: Based on this study it was concluded that resin-modified glass ionomer cement which soaked with river water has higher surface roughness that resin-modified glass ionomer cement which soaked with sterile aquadest. Keywords: Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement, river water, surface roughness ABSTRAK Latar Belakang:Resin-modified glass ionomer cement merupakanhybrid dari glass ionomer cement dengan resin. Penambahan bahan resin (HEMA) memperbaiki sifatnya, yaitu ketahanan terhadap asam.Air Sungai Desa Anjir Pasar memiliki karakteristik asam dengan rentang pH 3-5.Tujuan:Tujuan penelitian ini untukmengetahuiperbedaan kekasaranpermukaanbahanresin-modified glass ionomer cement setelahdilakukanperendaman dalam air Sungai Desa Anjir Pasar dan akuades steril. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental murni dengan rancangan posttest only with control group design. Sampel penelitian ini menggunakan spesimen resin-modified glass ionomer cement dibuat berbentuk silindris dengan diameter 10 mm dan ketebalan 2 mm. Masing-masing kelompok direndam dalam akuades steril (kontrol) dan air sungai pH 4,07 selama 4,5 hari (sama dengan 3 tahun pemaparan), kemudian dihitung kekasaran permukaannya. Data diuji menggunakan analisis parametrik Independent T-Test 95% (α = 0,05) dan didapatkan p=0,03 (p<0,05). Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan kekasaran permukaan yang bermakna pada resin-modified glass ionomer cement antara perendaman dalam air sungai pH 4,07 selama 4,5 dengan perendaman dalam akuades steril.Kesimpulan: terdapat perbedaan kekasaran yang lebih besar pada bahan resin-modified glass ionomer cement yang direndam dalam air sungai daripada yang direndam akuades steril. Kata-kata kunci: Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cement, Air Sungai, Kekasaran Permukaan

PHASE TRANSFORMATION OF CASO4 GRANULES TO CACO3 GRANULES BY DISSOLUTION–PRECIPITATION REACTION WITH 12 HOURS IMMERSION TIME Difa Putri Utami; Decky Joesiana Indrani; Bambang Irawan; Sunarso Sunarso
Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Vol 4, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : FKG Unlam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/dentino.v4i2.7052

Background: Synthetic bone graft is a material that resembles human bone phase and is developed due to clinical demand. Calcium carbonte (CaCO3/Calcite) has been used as bone substitution one of the methods to fabricate calcite is phase transformation by dissolution–precipitation reaction. Previous study did the same method but with lower temperature (<100ºC). Calcium sulfate anhydrate (CaSO4) granules used as precursor is immersed in 0.5 mol/L sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution at 100ºC for 12 h. Objective: This study aims to fabricate CaCO3 granules from CaSO4 granules when the temperature is higher than the previous study. Methods: Fabricate CaCO3 granules using CaSO4 granules as precursor by dissolution-precipitation reaction in Na2CO3 solution with 12 h immersion time with 100ºC temperature. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns and Fourier transform infrared spectra study will be performed to characterize the granules. Results: CaCO3 granules are fabricated by dissolution-precipitation reaction in Na2CO3 solution with 12 h immersion time when the temperature was 100ºC. Conclusion: CaSO4 granules used as precursor are a potential material to fabricate CaCO3 by using dissolution-precipitation reaction with 12 hours immersion time and 100ºC temperature.

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Home Page

OAI Link

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Contact Name Rifky Ananda

Contact Email fkg@ulm.ac.id

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Location Kota banjarmasin, Kalimantan selatan INDONESIA

Abstract

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Contact Name
Rifky Ananda

Contact Email
fkg@ulm.ac.id

Phone
-

Journal Mail Official
dentino.ulm@gmail.com

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kota banjarmasin,

Kalimantan selatan

INDONESIA