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Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi)
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 19783728     EISSN : 24429740     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Dentistry
The Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) (e-ISSN:2442-9740; p-ISSN:1978-3728) is published by the Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Its diciplinary focus is dental science and dental hygiene. The Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) is published in English on a quarterly basis with each 50-60 page edition containing between nine and eleven scientific articles on research, study literature and case studies. Contributors to the Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) included: dental researchers, dental practitioners, lecturers, and students drawn from Indonesia and a wide range of other countries.
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Articles 964 Documents
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A mucoadhesive gingival patch with Epigallocatechin-3-gallate green tea (Camellia sinensis) as an alternative adjunct therapy for periodontal disease: A narrative review Yeka Ramadhani; Riski Rahayu Putri Rahmasari; Kinanti Nasywa Prajnasari; Moh. Malik Alhakim; Mohammed Aljunaid; Hesham Mohammed Al-Sharani; T. Tantiana; Wisnu Setyari Juliastuti; Rini Devijanti Ridwan; Indeswati Diyatri
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 55 No. 2 (2022): June 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v55.i2.p114-119

Abstract

Background: Periodontitis is a progressive destructive periodontal disease. The prevalence of periodontal disease in Indonesia reaches 74.1% and mostly occurs in the productive age group. Most of the periodontopathogenic bacteria are gram-negative bacteria and have endotoxin in the form of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which can penetrate the periodontal tissue and induce an inflammatory response. In inflammatory conditions, osteoclastic activity is higher than osteoblastic activity, which causes bone destruction. This results in an imbalance between osteoclast-induced bone resorption and osteoblast-induced bone formation. The current preferred treatment for periodontitis is scaling root planning (SRP), but this therapy cannot repair the damaged periodontal tissue caused by periodontitis. Purpose: To describe the possibility of using a mucoadhesive gingival patch with Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) green tea (Camellia sinensis) as alternative adjunct therapy for periodontal disease. Review: EGCG is the main component of green tea catechins, which have antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and pro-osteogenic effects. However, the weaknesses so far regarding the use of EGCG as an alternative treatment is its low oral bioavailability and the concentration of EGCG absorbed by the body decreasing when accompanied by food. EGCG can be used with a mucoadhesive gingival patch to optimise bioavailability and absorption and increase local concentration and sustained release of EGCG. EGCG encourages bone development and braces mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiation for osteoblast by enhancing the expression of bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2). EGCG also has been proven to increase the expression of RUNX2 and ALP activity that induces osteoblast differentiation and bone mineralisation. Conclusion: A mucoadhesive gingival patch containing EGCG Green Tea (C. sinensis) may potentially induce osteoblastic activity as an adjunct therapy to repair the periodontal tissue damage due to periodontal disease.
The effect of lime (Citrus Aurantifola Swingle) peel extract in periodontal dressings on the number of fibroblasts in the gingival wound healing process Malianawati Fauzia; Audia Putri Dewanti
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 55 No. 2 (2022): June 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v55.i2.p81-87

Abstract

Background: Periodontal dressing commonly used in dentistry today does not contain compounds that can accelerate wound healing. Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) peel contains flavonoids that play a role in increasing fibroblast cells so that they can accelerate the healing process. Periodontal dressings supplemented with lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) peel extract are expected to provide an alternative material that can accelerate wound healing in addition to closure. Purpose: The study aims to determine the effect of adding lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) peel extract to periodontal dressings on the increase in the number of fibroblasts in the gingival healing process. Methods: The study was conducted in an experimental laboratory in vivo. The study used a post-randomised control group of 32 rabbits with lesions of the mandibular gingiva using a 2 mm diameter punch biopsy. The experimental animals were divided into 8 groups, namely the control group, which was treated with periodontal dressings without the addition of lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) peel extract, and the treatment group, which was treated with periodontal dressings with the addition of the extract. Histological observations of the tissues were performed with HE staining to count the number of fibroblasts. Results: Statistical test results showed that there was a significant difference in the number of fibroblasts between the control group and the treatment group on day 3 and day 5 (ANOVA, p <0.05). Conclusion: Adding extra lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) peel to the periodontal dressing increases the number of fibroblast cells after gum injury.
Visualization of bubbles generation of electrical-driven EndoActivator tips during solutions activation in a root canal model and a modified extracted tooth: A pilot study Harry Huiz Peeters; Elvira Theola Judith; Ketut Suardita; Latief Mooduto
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 55 No. 2 (2022): June 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v55.i2.p71-75

Abstract

Background: EndoActivator, a sonically-driven canal irrigation system (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK), has been developed for activating root canal irrigants, and has recently been released onto the market. Purpose: To obtain an initial understanding of bubbles generation of electrical EndoActivator tips during activation of the irrigant in a transparent root canal model and a modified extracted tooth. Methods: A modified extracted tooth and a straight glass model were filled with a solution containing 17% EDTA or 3% NaOCl. A medium activator tip 22-mm polymer noncutting #25, 0.04 file driven by an electrical sonic hand-piece at 190 Hz (highest level) induced pressure waves that produced macro- and micro-bubbles. The physical mechanisms involved were visualized using a Miro 320S high-speed imaging system (Phantom, Wayne, NJ, USA) with high temporal and spatial resolutions. The imaging system acquired images at 25,000 frames per second with 320×x240 pixels per image, and attached a 60-mm f/2.8 macro lens (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). Results: The end of the tip did not generate bubbles formation. Disruption of surface tension at the air–solution system in the glass canal model by an electrical sonic driven EndoActivator tip generated bubbles in the solution. However, it did not occur at the system of solution–air interfaces in the glass canal and modified extracted tooth. Conclusion: The physical mechanism of the solution activated by an electrical sonic driven EndoActivator tip in generting bubbles formation is because the surface tension at the air–solution system disruption. No bubbles formation occurred in the solution in the restricted space either in the solution-air system or modified extracted tooth. Better understanding of the physical mechanisms that relate specifically to the activation behaviour of EndoActivator tips in solutions is key to improving the cleaning mechanism that applies during root canal treatment.
Association of maternal folic acid supplementation and incidence of non-syndromic cleft lip and palate Hendry Rusdy; I. Isnandar; Indra Basar Siregar; Rizkiani Cahya Putri Sinaga
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 55 No. 2 (2022): June 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v55.i2.p76-80

Abstract

Background: Cleft lip and palate as a frequent congenital defect is caused by genetic and environmental factors. Micronutrient folic acid as an environmental factor has shown a role as a cleft lip and palate protective factor in several previous studies. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of adequacy of folic acid supplementation and the association between folic acid supplementation during the first trimester of pregnancy with the incidence of cleft lip and palate at Mitra Sejati Hospital, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Methods: This study used analytical research with a case-control design and questionnaire. A Chi-square test was used to observe the association between the folic acid supplement intake during the first trimester with the incidence of cleft. The p-value ≤ 0.05 was deemed to be significant. Results: The study found that 47 mothers (51.09%) had insufficient, while 45 mothers (48.91%) had adequate folic acid supplementation. This study did not show a significant association between supplement use and all cleft incidence (p>0.05), but a significant result was found between inadequate supplementation (<400µ/day) and cleft lip with or without cleft palate occurrence (p=0.043; OR 2.4[1.022-5.625]). Conclusion: The present study showed that most pregnant women did not have sufficient folic acid supplement in the first trimester. Furthermore, inadequate maternal folic acid supplementation (<400µ/day) during the first trimester of pregnancy increased the tendency for cleft lip and cleft palate (with or without cleft lip) to occur significantly.
The relationship between maxillary and mandibular lengths of ethnic Bataks of chronological age 9–15 years Hilda Fitria Lubis; Nurul Ulfa Simanjuntak
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 55 No. 2 (2022): June 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v55.i2.p88-92

Abstract

Background: Maxillary and mandibular growth have an important role in determining diagnosis and treatment plans. Knowledge of the growth of the maxilla and mandible becomes very important in designing a proper treatment plan and knowing the mean maxillary and mandibular lengths from the ages of 9–15 means malocclusion can be treated at the appropriate age. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between 9–15-year-old males and females and the length of the maxilla and mandible. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. The subjects consisted of 35 male and 45 females aged 9–15 years and 80 cephalometric radiograms were collected using a purposive sampling method from Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) Oral and Dental Hospital based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected by tracing the lateral cephalogram, the maxillary length and mandible lengths being measured on the cephalogram based on the McNamara method through a computer program, CorelDRAW. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used for statistical analysis. Results: The average maxillary length for 9–15-year-olds was 96.35 ± 7.56 mm. The mean mandibular length for 9–15-year-olds was 122.29 ± 10.43 mm. Based on assessment and result, using the Pearson correlation coefficient test between maxillary length and mandibular length and chronological age, a maxillary length of p=0.003 and mandibular length of p=0.00 were obtained. Conclusion: There was a significant positive relationship between chronological age and maxillary length and mandibular length in 9–15-year-olds of Batak ethnicity.
The antibacterial efficacy of calcium hydroxide–iodophors and calcium hydroxide–barium sulfate root canal dressings on Enterococcus faecalis and Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro Eric Priyo Prasetyo; Devi Eka Juniarti; Galih Sampoerno; Dian Agustin Wahjuningrum; Ananta Tantri Budi; Dyanita Hasri; Evelyn Tjendronegoro
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 55 No. 2 (2022): June 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v55.i2.p62-66

Abstract

Background: A successful endodontic treatment is inseparable from the right choice of root canal dressing. The right choice of medicaments would result in patient satisfaction. Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) are usually found in failed root canal treatments. Calcium hydroxide is a gold standard dressing that creates an alkaline environment in the root canal and has a bactericidal effect. Commercially, there are calcium hydroxide dressings with supporting additions, including calcium hydroxide–iodophors (CH–iodophors) and Calcium hydroxide–barium sulfate (CH–barium sulfate). Purpose: This study aimed to compare the antibacterial efficacy between CH–iodophors and CH–barium sulfate root canal dressings on E. faecalis and P. gingivalis. Methods: CH–iodophors and CH–barium sulfate were obtained commercially. E. faecalis and P. gingivalis were obtained from stock culture taken from the root canal of failed endodontic treatment. E. faecalis and P. gingivalis were cultured in Petri dishes, and for each bacterium, 12 wells were made in the media. Six wells were used for the CH–iodophors group, and six wells were used for the CH–barium sulfate group. CH–iodophors and CH–barium sulfate were deployed in the wells in E. faecalis and P. gingivalis cultured media in the Petri dishes. After incubation, the inhibition zone diameters were measured. An independent t-test was used for analysis, and the significance level was set at 5%. Results: There is a significant difference in the antibacterial efficacy of CH–iodophors and that of CH–barium sulfate on E. faecalis and P. gingivalis (p = 0.00001). Conclusion: CH–iodophors have a higher antibacterial efficacy than CH–barium sulfate on both E. faecalis and P. gingivalis.  
The correlation between the knowledge level related to practice protocols and dentists’ anxiety levels in practice during the COVID-19 pandemic Merlya Balbeid; Yuanita Lely Rachmawati; Marchella Anestya Wibowo
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 55 No. 2 (2022): June 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v55.i2.p99-104

Abstract

Background: The global epidemic of COVID-19 has reached an emergency status in the health system, including dentistry. The dentist profession is inseparable from the possibility of direct or indirect contact with microorganisms in the patient’s blood or saliva. National and international dental associations, such as Persatuan Dokter Gigi Indonesia and the American Dental Association, have published practice protocols that must be applied by dentists who choose to continue practicing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Dentists’ knowledge of practice protocols in the current situation is very important, as it enables dentists to take infection control measures against virus transmission in the dental practice environment. Strong knowledge can have a positive impact on the psychological state of dentists, such as by reducing the anxiety level of dentists when treating patients during the pandemic. Purpose: To determine the correlation between the level of knowledge of dentists regarding practice protocols and the level of anxiety that they face regarding practicing during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Methods: The research design is a correlation analysis, namely research with a cross-sectional approach and purposive sampling, with a total sample of 170 respondents. Data were collected through Google form and univariate analysis was carried out then bivariate analysis with Kendall’s Tau correlation test. Results: This study found that as many as 166 respondents (97.6%) had a good level of knowledge and as many as 87 respondents (51.2%) had a minimum level of anxiety. The results of the analysis were obtained and found to be 0.031, which means p <0.05 so that it shows a relationship between the two variables. Conclusion: There is a correlation between the level of knowledge and the level of anxiety of dentists in practice during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The effect of antimicrobial peptide gel RISE-AP12 on decreasing neutrophil and enhancing macrophage in nicotine-periodontitis Wistar rat model Ika Andriani; Ana Medawati; Muhammad Ihza Humanindito; Maulida Nurhasanah
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 55 No. 2 (2022): June 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v55.i2.p93-98

Abstract

Background: Periodontitis, an inflammation that causes alveolar bone destruction, is caused by bacteria and aggravated by nicotine exposure and is therefore a disease that many smokers have. Antibacterial agents are essential for the rejuvenation process in periodontitis treatment; antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gel is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent that is hardly cause bacteria resistance. Purpose: The objective of this study is to determine the effect of AMP gel administration on neutrophil and macrophage counts on periodontitis regeneration in nicotine-exposed rats. Methods: 24 Wistar rats were separated into four groups: nicotineexposed, non-nicotine-exposed, treatment and control. Rats with periodontitis were given AMP in the gingival line on days 1, 3 and 7 after having their mandibular central incisors ligated for 14 days to induce periodontitis. After AMP treatment, two groups of rats were collected randomly. Each group were decapitated, followed by treatment and histological examination with hematoxylin-eosin staining in the pathology laboratory to view neutrophils and macrophages. The asymmetric Kruskal Wallis test was used to analyse the data. Results: In mice treated with AMP, neutrophil counts on day 3 were lower than in distilled water (Aquadest) controls. The number of macrophages on day 3 was higher than that of the Aquadest control. Kruskal Wallis test results for neutrophils were p = 0.017 and for macrophages p = 0.01, where both test results had p < 0.05, there were significant differences between the neutrophil and macrophage groups. Conclusion: The administration of AMP effects on decreasing the number of neutrophils and enhancing macrophages in the periodontitis regeneration. in nicotine-exposed rats.
Management of bimaxillary protrusion with missing molar using T-loop and couple force Ida Bagus Narmada; Shali Wikynikta Purnomo; Putri Intan Sitasari; Nabilla Vidyazti Rishandari Prasetyo; Aldila Rahma
Dental Journal Vol. 56 No. 1 (2023): March 2023
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v56.i1.p17-22

Abstract

Background: Management of bimaxillary protrusion can be challenging and should be used with maximum anchorage to prevent loss of anchorage and improve the facial profile. In addition, a patient with a missing molar is often found in a dental clinic. Space closure can cause tipping movement rather than bodily, so couple force should be used. Purpose: This case report aims to manage the bimaxillary protrusion with a missing molar using a T-loop and a transpalatal arch (TPA) as maximum anchorage for correction of the facial profile and couple force to create bodily movement for the space closure of a missing first molar. Case: A 21-year-old female patient complained about her protruding teeth. An intraoral examination indicated Angle’s Class I malocclusion on the left molar relation, with the lower-right first molar missing, mild crowding maxilla and mandible, 6 mm of overjet and 5 mm of overbite, and midline shift at the maxilla and mandible. Case Management: The treatment plan was the extraction of teeth 14, 24, 34; alignment with pre-adjusted McLaughlin Bennett Trevisi (MBT) 0.022; retraction of the anterior segment with a T-loop, TPA, and close spacing of the missing first molar with couple force on the buccal and lingual side and tip back. Retention was done with removable retainers. At the end of the treatment, normal incisive inclination and closed space of the missing first molar were achieved, along with an improvement of the facial profile. Conclusion: Bimaxillary protrusion can be successfully treated by means of extraction of the premolar(s), space closure for correction of the profile with T-loop and TPA, and closing the space of the missing molar with couple force on the buccal and lingual sides and tip back.
IL-17 plasma levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rate on oral candidiasis animal model Erna Sulistyani; Iin Eliana Triwahyuni; Happy Harmono; Lisa Miftakhul Janna; Saikha Adila Azzah; Muchamad Ziyad Afif; Ainunnusak Ayuningtyas
Dental Journal Vol. 55 No. 4 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/j.djmkg.v55.i4.p209-214

Abstract

Background: A study with female animal models is important because the system immune of females is remarkably different from the male because of interaction between sex hormone and immune system. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) plays an important role in immune response toward Candida albicans (C. albicans) infection and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ERS) is an easy and sensitive test to assess the inflammation. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate C. albicans infection, analyse the IL-17 levels and ESR in a female animal model of oral candidiasis. Methods: Female Wistar rats were used as oral candidiasis animal model. The rats divided into three groups (pre-treatment group (P0), 5th-day post-treatment group (P1) and 8th-day post- treatment group (P1). Each group consists of six rats. After the adaptation period, the P0 was sacrificed. The drinking water of the P1 and P2 was added tetracycline HCl 500mg /1L. On the day before and after inoculation C. albicans, Methylprednisolone was injected. Ten minutes before inoculation with 0.3 ml C. albicans 9.4 x 107/mL, rats were sedated by CPZ 0.7 mg IM. The rats in P1 group were sacrificed after five days and in P2 were sacrificed eight days after inoculation. The IL-17 plasma levels measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), decreased on the 5th day but not on the 8th-day post-treatment. The obtained data were analyzed by parametric and non-parametric tests according to normality and homogeneity of the data with p<0.05. Results: The colony forming unit (CFU) of C. albicans collected over the mouth on increased almost 8-fold and on 8th-day post-treatment almost 3-fold compared with pre-treatment. The ESR increased on the 8th day but not on the 5th-day post-treatment. Conclusion: The IL-17 level was decreased on the 3rd day, ESR increased on eight days after inoculation of C. albicans in female rats’ model of oral candidiasis.

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