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Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik

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Published by Universitas Airlangga

ISSN : 20867050 EISSN : 25286013 DOI : 10.20473/mkp.V34I22021.119-132

Core Subject : Humanities, Art,

Arts Humanities

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Articles 404 Documents

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Youth involvement: Empowerment effort through child-friendly village program Erma Kusumawardani; Serafin Wisni Septiarti
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 32 No. 2 (2019): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

This study aimed to describe activity within the child-friendly village program youth through participatory activities and youth empowerment. This research is a qualitative approach with a grounded theory method and setting of the research activity is the youth of the Tegalrejo District. Informants in this study include both youth and community leaders. The data collected through means of observation, documentation, and interviews. The data analysis technique used is the interactive analysis. Triangulation is done to explain the validity of the data from various sources. These results indicate that youth empowerment includes: a) the reason for the involvement of the youth including recreational interests, concern for the community, self-awareness, a stepping stone to the level of education, job readiness, and as a form of worship, b) youth empowerment seen from planning, implementation, evaluation, and even development, and c) factors supporting the involvement of the youth, their self-awareness and the support of administrators and community leaders. While the inhibiting factors such as the differences in leisure time, the impact of youth empowerment seen from the personal, academic, and vocational skills gained. Therefore, child-friendly village program it can be one of effort. To conclude, in addition to the youth program from the government, the child-friendly village program is seen to increase youth empowerment. Empowerment showed in the impact of youth involvement in the activities of the child-friendly village program.

Subordination of women and patriarchal gender relations at Islamic poor community Ahmad Ridwan; Emy Susanti
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 32 No. 2 (2019): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

This study focuses on poor women in the social environment (village) in the center of the Surabaya metropolis with classical Islamic culture and rules. Social relations and “pesantren culture” are felt in this place. For example: women must wear headscarves every day, men use koko sarongs and shirts, reading the holy verses of the Qur’an are a daily habit. In fact, elementary school children have become memorizers of the Qur’an (hafidz). This place produces “kyai” and “nyai” (saints in Javanese Islam). This study focuses on unequal gender relations between men and women so that poor women experience subordination, as well as empowerment of poor women in the Islamic community in the middle of big cities. Women, especially poor women, have very low bargaining power because of the patriarchal culture and Islamic rules there. Even though poor women help to make a living for the family, all important decisions remain with the husband (male). The methodology used is qualitative. Conduct in-depth interviews with poor women who were married in that place. Researchers also make observations about their daily activities in the community. The result, using Michel Foucault’s power relations theory analysis, found that poor women get unfair relationships every day. They always lose with their husbands in any case. They are always oppressed and subordinated. Poor women get a discourse that women are the second social class in this life. They are a male partner, not the first person. So, important decision makers in the family are always men, not women. Although women help their husbands to work outside the home, decision makers are always husbands. Poor women are also powerless in government development programs. Even though the relationship is not equal, all women accept it because it comes from God’s destiny (Allah SWT). This phenomenon is real and occurs in the center of a big city (Surabaya) which is one of the largest cities in Indonesia.

Family-based collaborative eco-literacy model for sustainable city Sudar Itafarida; Eduardus Bimo Aksono Herupradoto; Usma Nur Dian Rosyidah; Erlita Rusnaningtias
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 32 No. 2 (2019): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

The process of adaptation and adoption of modern values by multicultural urban communities raises various problems, especially those related to the environment. In Surabaya and Sidoarjo, even though the Surabaya City Government and the Regional Government of Sidoarjo have carried out various environmental programs, the demands of a fast and practical modern lifestyle create egocentric and anthropocentric attitudes. Urban communities must take on the continuous socialization of ecocentric behavior that adopts modern values but must also maintain the value of local wisdom to support the realization of sustainable city. The family-based collaborative eco-literacy model is needed as a strategy to develop green living cultural values that can be practiced by all levels of society in various regions with different characteristics in both cities. This model directly touches the family as the main place to cultivate ecocentric mindset and behavior. Another consideration is that there is few government policies related to environment that directly target the family. This study illustrates how the family-based collaborative ecoliteracy model was applied to families in Surabaya and Sidoarjo and explains how the model has moved the attitudes and behavior of these families to those in line with ecocentric principles. By using a qualitative-descriptive approach, this model was applied to 16 families selected according to participant criteria. The subsequent changes in behavior were observed over a period of six months. The results of the application of the model show that each individual in the family collaborates and strengthens due to collective competence, which is an ecocentric value. Based on the orientation of green living values in eleven sustainable urban components, it can be concluded that almost all green city programs carried out by the government are intended to realize Surabaya and Sidoarjo as sustainable cities.

Women in Democracy: The political participation of women Akhlaq Ahmad; Qaisar Khalid Mahmood; Muhammad Saud; Siti Mas'udah
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 32 No. 2 (2019): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Political participation of women has improved significantly in many western democracy settings; in Asian countries however, women are still left behind in terms of political participation. This article explores political participation of women in a gender-segregated society where women have disproportionate social status in a strongly patriarchal culture and political system. Femininity, political socialization, political interest, political efficacy, and patriarchal political culture were taken as predictors to assess the political participation of women. Structured interview schedules were administrated to 414 women voters from two randomly selected Tehsils, i.e. Jhang and Gujar Khan, of the Punjab Province in Pakistan. Data from the interviews were processed using Stepwise Multiple Linear Regression. The results revealed that predictors explained 58.3% of the variance in the political participation of women voters in Punjab. However, two constructs of femininity: morality and loyalty were not loaded in the model. The dominant, socially designed attributes that women should possess in Pakistani society are childbearing and rearing, love and care for parents/husband, homemaking, submissiveness, passivity, and dependence. The home/private sphere becomes the ideal, normative space for women to operate. On the other hand, men are characterized by decision making, production, independence, assertiveness, violence, and wider interaction. Thus, men are associated with the public and the public sphere. These feminine & masculine ideals are the basis of social practices and social relations in Pakistani society. These are internalized, taken for granted, and embedded into the culture, social structure, and social organization of Pakistani society.

Settlement pattern and occupation shift among salt farmers Merlia Indah Prastiwi
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 32 No. 2 (2019): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Madura can be seen as a microcosm of Indonesia as a whole through the various livelihoods of the Madurese people. Madura consists of people living along coastlines and this can be considered as representative of most Indonesian people. The primary occupations of the Madurese people are that of salt farmers and fishermen. Salt as a commercial business is cultivated by the community, is mostly located along the eastern and southern coastlines of Madura, and is adjusted to various circumstances, including lower rainfall in the area. During the rainy season, salt ponds are turned into shrimp ponds and farmers’ occupations change accordingly. The job of a salt farmer is not trouble-free. Problems arise from the erratic and uncertain climate and there are also threats of price instability and imported salt. Farmers are forced to accept such circumstances. This study contributes to the literature by exploring how the livelihood of salt farmers is representative of Indonesian’s maritime characteristics. Ironically, this sector has been increasingly abandoned and has become less desirable, though it plays a strategic industrial role in Indonesia. This study employed a qualitative method and determined its sample using the purposive sample technique. The informants were permanent salt farmers, salt farmers who also worked as shrimp farmers, and salt farmers who completely shifted to shrimp farming. This research was conducted in Lapak Daya, Dungkek, Sumenep. The findings showed that most salt farmers shifted their occupations to shrimp farmers because they considered it to be more profitable. However, some salt farmers who continued to survive in salt farming worked both as salt farmers and shrimp farmers. It was also found that salt farmers generally came from outside Madura, while those from Madura preferred changing their livelihood to farming shrimp due to the higher yields and the fact that the farming does not depend on seasonal changes. Although the number of salt farmers continues to decrease, there are some salt farmers who keep their occupation permanently.

Social capital in agricultural irrigation management of “RBUMDES Mursapa” Rustinsyah Rustinsyah
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 32 No. 2 (2019): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Peasants in Plandirejo Village who live along the Bengawan Solo River use river water for agriculture. To distribute river water to agricultural land use the pump. It needs to be managed together so that it can be used properly. RBUMDES Mursapa as an institution that has succeeded in managing agriculture in Plandirejo Village. The role of social capital as one of the factors causing success in managing agriculture. Social capital is a network of elements of stakeholders involved in achieving the same goals. Therefore, qualitative research was conducted from June 2016 to July 2017 by collecting data through observation, interviews and FGD (Focus Discussion Group) with stakeholders managing agriculture. The purpose of the study is to describe social capital in irrigation management and its consideration of the sustainability of agricultural activities in the village. The results of this study are: a) social capital has an important role to succeed in managing agriculture; and b) agricultural development planning between the sustainability of agriculture and the development of communities in the village such as agricultural production which is quite high, in the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors, and provides support for national agricultural improvement programs. The impacts of the success of RBUMDES Mursapa include: a) contributes to rural development and accommodates the activities of village government; b) to mobilize rural farming activities; c) open up employment for male and female.

Organizational culture mapping analysis through Organizational Culture Assessment (OCA) Kartika Mega Tama
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 32 No. 2 (2019): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Organization is characterized by the different senses of culture and uniqueness that distinguish one’s entity from others. Culture plays an important role in organization as a good culture can provide organization support to achieve goals. Organizational culture acts as a guideline for an individual’s daily behavior that will influence the decision-making process and provide direction for leaders and members to achieve organizational goals. In its creation, organizational culture was built according to organization circumstances. Organizational culture has important roles in the maintenance and development of the organization’s vision and mission. Organizational culture is an essential tool in the improvement of organizational performance and member capability. Therefore, there is an need for the Karawitan Dance Activity Unit (UKTK) of Universitas Airlangga to project the state of the existing and expected culture of the organization. By conducting cultural mapping, existing visions and missions of an organization can be transformed. Organizational culture was measured by the Organizational Culture Assessment (OCA) method. The measurement is held by distributing instruments and contains 20 questions. The questionnaire was distributed to both leaders and members of the UKTK Airlangga University and its aim was to identify the expected culture of the university relative to the reality of culture. The results of the questionnaire showed that respondents felt the culture at the UKTK is of a mechanistic nature. Similarly, the expected culture of the UKTK is of a mechanistic nature. The compatibility between cultural reality and expectations in the UKTK supports organizational goals. This situation can generate good relationships between the leaders and members of the UKTK Airlangga University which results in harmony throughout the organization. The existing mechanistic organizational culture can be seen as a strategy by which to achieve the objectives of the UKTK in Airlangga University. The results of the study can also strengthen the organizational culture as it can be a powerful means by which to control and increase the consistent behavior of members of the organization. In addition, the awareness of the existing organizational culture can facilitate the implementation of work programs agreed upon by the UKTK organization of Airlangga University.

Dilemma of customary land policy in Indonesia Aura Dian Marta; Utang Suwaryo; Affan Sulaeman; Leo Agustino
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 32 No. 2 (2019): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Indonesia’s policy of customary land regulation does not eradicate the problems faced by indigenous people. Disputes over customary land proprietary rights continue to occur even in this current era of decentralization and democracy. Departing from empirical phenomena, this study aims to uncover customary land policy dilemmas and explore strategies to reconstruct customary land policies in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative approach to literature study methods. This study was conducted in Indonesia and uses various cases of customary land policy from the provinces of Riau, East Kalimantan, and Papua. The data collected in this study is derived from books, documents, journals, research results, and news in electronic media. The results of the study show that Indonesia has a policy dilemma in the regulation of customary land for a number of reasons. First, customary land policies governed by customary law and national law often result in disputes. Second, in relation to natural resources management, there is no synchronization and harmony between sectoral laws and the Basic Principles of Agrarian Law (UUPA). Third, the government is yet to create policies at the local level regarding the protection and recognition of customary land. Therefore, the ideal strategy of policy reconstruction is to create a synergy between government institutions and all stakeholders in the policymaking process of customary land regulation. The conclusion of this study is that the policy dilemma of customary land in Indonesia will continue to occur if the government does not involve the participation of indigenous people and groups of interest in the policymaking process of customary land regulation.

The Capability of the Riau Malay Customary Institution (LAM) in realizing the Riau 2020 Vision Syed Agung Afandi; Ulung Pribadi
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 32 No. 2 (2019): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Riau LAM is a community organization that was present in the midst of the decline in the existence of Malay culture in Riau Province and became the only Malay community organization that was made a partner of the government. This research was conducted in Riau Province in 2018. This study aims to determine the capabilities of Riau LAM in realizing the vision of Riau 2020. The research method used is a qualitative method. The results showed that Riau LAM was unable to carry out planning so that it did not have goals, objectives, and strategies in running the organization. Compilation of organizational structures is not in accordance with existing rules, including the absence of written assignments. Placement of members of the organization is carried out with full interest, the absence of organizational development and oversight functions are ignored. Supporting factors for organizational performance are the possession of financial and physical resources derived from the Riau Provincial Government. The inhibiting factor of organizational performance is not qualified human resources, the lack of cooperation with the Riau Provincial Government, the attitude of the organization is not consistent in dealing with cultural dynamics, and the organization’s bad reputation for performance is not optimal. Thus, it was concluded that Riau LAM did not have the ability to support the government’s performance in realizing the vision of Riau 2020.

Public policy for the sustainable industries in Semarang Regency Ardhiansyah Noer Julana; Gatot Sasongko
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 32 No. 2 (2019): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

The spatial planning policies had become the mediators for political, social, economic, and environmental relations. This study aims to describe the implementation of public policy from the perspective of Dye theory about a spatial planning for industries in Semarang Regency. The primary data used in this study was from nine informants of nine companies which applied for a location permission license for industrial activities. The secondary data was from the Semarang Public Works Office. The study shows that there were nine investment activity plans for industries in Semarang Regency. Initially, the nine applications were not granted permission from the relevant agencies because they were not in accordance with the provisions of spatial planning. However, after being considered by the government in terms of public policy, the nine companies obtained location permission licenses to utilize the land under certain conditions. Thus, the public policy is essentially designed by the government to guarantee and fulfill the needs of the community to conduct investment activities such as industry. The spatial planning policies had become the mediators for political, social, economic, and environmental relations. Thus, harmonization of political, social, economic and environmental aspects would create sustainable development.

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