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Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik

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Published by Universitas Airlangga

ISSN : 20867050 EISSN : 25286013 DOI : 10.20473/mkp.V34I22021.119-132

Core Subject : Humanities, Art,

Arts Humanities

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 404 Documents

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The shifting role of the listeners in the mediamorphosis process of culture radio: A case study of Jodhipati 106.1 FM Zainal Abidin Achmad; Rachmah Ida
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 32 No. 3 (2019): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

The adaptation of the use of communication technology towards media convergence (mediamorphosis) makes it a necessity for radio to change. Jodhipati FM, a commercial radio station in Nganjuk Regency which declared its identity as a Javanese cultural radio station, has also made the change. The uniqueness of Jodhipati FM to broadcast 100% Javanese cultural programs originated from the demands of listeners to listen to the wayang kulit (leather puppet) program. The close interaction and relationships between the listeners and radio management has made every change in Jodhipati FM driven by the interests of the listeners. This qualitative research collected data through a virtual ethnography supplemented by participant observation and in-depth interviews with nine informants. The results found there to be a mediamorphosis pattern that explains the stages of Jodhipati FM’s change and the influence of the listeners’ demands, from the early history of its establishment through to the present. At present, Jodhipati FM uses Facebook, streaming and WhatsApp as broadcast support. In interactive engagement between the listeners and radio management in the virtual world, both parties have an equal role as media producers. In the life of a networked society, the listener experiences a shift in role and characteristics. Apart from acting as the media producer, the radio listeners are involved in programming, they are free to criticize and they are also free to look for sponsors and advertisements. The characteristics of the listener have also changed. They become physically visible, their voices are heard, their personalities are revealed, they live in various social networks, age restrictions disappear, there are no territorial boundaries and there are no time limits. As a cultural radio station, Jodhipati FM has the advantage of being able to preserve and spread Javanese culture throughout the world.

Free education as superstructure: Phenomenological study of free private education Marhaeni Mega Wijayanti; Tuti Budirahayu; Novri Susan
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 32 No. 3 (2019): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

As a manifestation of functionalism, free education becomes a way to eradicate economic disparity by opening access to school for all people. This method is standard in many developing countries as it could foster development. However, the most fundamental problem of this disparity, oppression, and class domination are understudied. To make things worse, studies that do discuss these topics suffer from class bias conceptualization of free education. Therefore, this study aims to demonstrate how free education takes part in a capitalistic society as a superstructure through the correspondence thesis. Subsequently, this study identifies essential elements in (capitalistic) free education. Phenomenological-based qualitative method is used to describe experiences of 21 informants in Selamat Pagi Indonesia (SPI) Senior High School. Data gathered from observation, interview, and secondary sources, and then analyzed phenomenologically. We found that free education, instead of bringing people to equality and freedom from disparity, entraps students deep into modern capitalism through 1) normalization to serve, and 2) giving up power to the capitalist. This condition would benefit many corporations from taking part in aiding the school foundation and perpetuate the domination of the bourgeoisie over the working class. Thus, this study suggests that the capitalistic feature of free education is disrupting its conventional conceptualization.

The source of power of the Dayak Ma’anyan Tribes’ political thought and its influence on the elites Kisno Hadi
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 32 No. 3 (2019): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

This article describes the political thoughts of power and authority, especially concerning sources of energy and its influences, in the elite group of the Dayak Ma’anyan tribe. Dayak Ma’anyan linked to the Nan Sarunai Kingdom, which was a sovereign country in the politic, economy, social and cultural scope in the 14th century. It collapsed because of the Majapahit military intervention. The elites’ political thoughts highly influence the source of power in Nan Sarunai in the current era in local political practices. This article employed the descriptive, explanatory method paired with descriptive interpretative data analysis and enriched by in-depth interview to 10 informants. The analysed unit was an elite group of Dayak Ma’anyan in the Barito Timur Regency. The research discovered there to be two sources of power. First, there is procedure power, i.e. Adat (customary law), and second, there is substantial power, i.e. 1) Alatala (God) and Nanyu (gods or ancestry); 2) Tutur or Hurui (genealogy); 3) Panatau (treasuries) and 4) Pusaka Keagungan (symbols of power). These sources are the main influences of usable power, e.g. in the emerging of the East of Barito regency in 2002, in ethnic identity within the context of bureaucracy and elections. The data derived from in-depth interviews, Taliwakas (stories about local leader), Hiyang Wadian (sacred song of the priest in ritual), Sorosilah (stories on the histories of leaders) and the customary law of Dayak Ma’anyan. The data interpretation was based on the theory of traditional power by Benedict Anderson and the theory of the source of power by Charles F. Andrain.

Interpretation of democracy, pluralism and tolerance among the young activists of Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama Ali Maksum; Priyono Tri Febrianto; Esa Nur Wahyuni
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 32 No. 3 (2019): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Anarchism and other forms of violence committed by religious groups and mass organizations are still very common in Indonesia. There have been violations of human rights, religious freedom and civil liberties, which are essential pillars of democracy. Indonesia, as a country that adheres to religious freedom regards all forms of intolerance as violations of democracy. This study described and explored the views of young cadres of Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) in Malang, East Java, about democracy, pluralism and tolerance. This research intended to unravel some of the issues of how young generations of Muhammadiyah and NU understand democracy, pluralism and tolerance and if their views are associated with their social construction. This study employed qualitative methods using interviews and direct observations to collect the data. The results of this study showed there were differences in the patterns between the younger generation and the older generation of Muhammadiyah. The members of Muhammadiyah recognized that the young cadres of Muhammadiyah tended to act more violently towards intolerant mass organizations compared to their senior (old cadre) generation. The senior cadres, such as the Muhammadiyah Youth, were more likely to be calm when responding to the presence of radical organizations. The senior cadres of Muhammadiyah tended to be open-minded with the community organizations that are perceived by the public to be a radical mass organization, which is fundamental in addressing the presence of radical organizations. This view indicated by the absence sense of precariousness or a situation that is considered to be very threatening to religious and national life while still in the corridor of diversity. On the other hand, the younger generation of Nahdlatul Ulama showed a different pattern, revealing that their seniors tended to be harsher in responding to radical organizations and supporting mass organizations.

Priawan: Indonesian male transgenders Dwi Prasetyo; Diah Ariani Arimbi; Sharyn Graham Davies; Mein Woei Suen; Myrtati Dyah Artaria
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 32 No. 3 (2019): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

There have been cases of male transgender in Indonesia, yet there is a small study about them. Why do some biological females claim their identity as male transgender? How do they think of themselves as male transgender? The researcher study their life history and how they see themselves as male transgender. We have a total of six research subjects who acknowledged themselves as male transgender. This research used the in-depth interview for gathering data within six months. The results found that they became transgender based on their desire rather than coercion from others. Some of them were comfortable in coming out to their family, but most were considering how the society would judge them, and how they might bring shame to the family. Three research subjects were not able to show their true identity as transgender, because of several considerations, such as the fear of being ostracized by the society and the fear to be eliminated from their family. They took the gender role according to what would be accepted by the current environment. We conclude that the existence of transgender, who is biologically females to become males are very reluctant to open their sexual identity because of this reason.

Optimization of child-friendly green open space for Brebes’ positioning as a child-friendly regency Intan Putri Cahyani; Eky Erlanda Edel; Yulius Dala Ngapa
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 32 No. 3 (2019): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

The Provision of Green Open Spaces (GOS) as a playground for children as well as introducing environmental awareness is a concern in various regions. GOS is a facility from the local government to fulfil children’s rights in terms of growing and developing in a healthy and safe environment, especially for Brebes, which has declared themselves to be a Child-Friendly Region. Nevertheless, currently, Brebes only has 12 GOSs, which is around 15 per cent of its total area. It hampered by the contradictions between the standard requirements for GOS development and the alteration of land functions due to urbanisation in addition to the lack of community involvement in spatial planning between 2012 and 2017. The purpose of this study is to examine the optimisation of GOS in Brebes Regency from the perspective of environmental communication towards the positioning of Brebes as a child-friendly city; this research is a qualitative descriptive study using ethnographic methods and an environmental communication approach. The qualitative data obtained through in-depth interviews, observations and the documentation of eight informants. The findings show that GOS Brebes currently functions as a media for child development. There are some obstacles in terms of optimising the spaces in Brebes because there are some behaviours that are not child-friendly and/or environmentally friendly. Furthermore, the GOS conditions in Brebes generally fulfil the principles of Child-Friendly Spaces (CFS) as the indicators of the optimal performance of GOS. In addition, communication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structure are important factors in terms of optimising child-friendly GOS in Brebes. Finally, cooperation between the government and the community members to create an ideal child-friendly GOS should be supported by clear regulations and policies, as well as communicated through the media appropriately and sustainably.

Reconstructing and re-defining the space: Living in between the slum and the tourist destination Manggala Ismanto; Irsyad Martias; Reza Sutowo; Rizal Noviar
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 32 No. 3 (2019): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Efforts to reconstruct landscapes and living spaces occur in cities, especially in urban slums. This effort is not only carried out by the settlers but also by external actors who have the intention to improve their lives. It is interesting to see the encounter between actors, especially regarding how negotiations occur between their interests. Jodipan Village becomes one of the slums areas in Malang which make efforts to define and reconstruct the space of their living space by re-colouring the neighbourhood landscape. By the collaboration of various stakeholders such as private parties and the civil society, the village space redefined into a tourist destination that attracts tourists to visit. We gathered a set of information from six local people, one public official, and two team members of Guyspro. Nowadays, Jodipan is popularly known as Kampung Warna-Warni Jodipan or Jodipan Colorful Village (KWJ). The spatial changes which rise from the grass-root provide the opportunities and challenges for the community to negotiate the process of the urban planning implementation in Malang. As a result, the slum stigma has been alleviated and the public acknowledgements that Jodipan Village is being a tourist destination, giving a chance to the settlers to gain their right to live in Jodipan Village area. With this thematic village, the community learns to manage their assets independently by creating a management team that manages the printing of ticket passes, repainting and organising parking lots that benefit local people.

Muakhi (Brotherhood) and its practices related to preventing communal conflict in multicultural societies Hartoyo Hartoyo
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 32 No. 3 (2019): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

In preventing communal conflict, the role of local wisdom is often considered to be a mechanism to maintain the peacefulness and closeness of inter-ethnic relations. Many researchers also argue that conflict prevention should practiced during both pre- and post-conflict. This study, therefore, aims to explain the role of Muakhi as the local wisdom in Lampung Province for recovering inter-ethnic relations in post-communal (inter-ethnic) conflict based on two empirical cases, namely the Balinuraga conflict in South Lampung and the Pematang Tahalo conflict in East Lampung, Lampung Province. The data was collected through in-depth interviews and documents. A total of 74 informants, consisting of local residents and community leaders from Lampung, Java and Bali ethnics totaling as many as 60 people (each village 15 people). There were also 14 informants who were village, district and regency government officials, including the police department and military personnel. The data was analyzed through a qualitative approach based on the constructivist paradigm. The study found that Muakhi refers to the concept of brotherhood accepted by the immigrants who are both ethnic Balinese and Javanese. Thus, this study suggests that the practice of Muakhi in the post-communal conflict through the strengthening of the moral values and the sociocultural relationship is an effective way of restoring communal conflict. However, this study argues that there is resistance to using Angkon Muakhi in a more detailed ceremony.

Information communication technology learning through the broadband learning center to build ‘Smart Community’ Nurul Ratna Sari
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 32 No. 4 (2019): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

This research identifies the implementation of the Broadband Learning Center (BLC) program of the Surabaya government as a facility for community learning on Information Communication Technology (ICT). BLC is one of the crucial developments in building Smart Community as the main actor in Surabaya Smart City establishment. In the Surabaya context, BLC is one of the foundations in establishing a smart city which is an integration of three main dimensions, namely BLC as ICT facilities, community as the actor in smart city development, and the Surabaya government. The study applied a qualitative method with a descriptive research type — data collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies. Interviews were conducted to 22 informants, which consisted of one BLC coordinator in government institution, one representation of BLC coordinator from community, and eight facilitators in five parts of the city areas which provided BLC facilities, and 12 representations of community groups as the users that consisted of adolescent and youth, women, and senior community. The observation was being held in BLC spots, while community learning activities occurred. The BLC remarkably facilitates community learning and education in dealing with ICT. The study indicates that the program performs ICT community learning which establishes community ability to understand and to use information from digital sources. However, it has been challenged by the conception of digital literation in boosting smart community active participation, which should enable the community to connect and interact with, also utilize the information. A socio-technical learning approach can be pertinently implemented by linking social and technological factors in order to fit the learning process and targeted community and also widen its opportunity in achieving smart community sustainability.

Evaluating 4 years of Jokowi Sea Toll Policy: The concept of Indonesia-Centric connectivity for economic equality Kurniawati Sa'adah; Probo Darono Yakti; Siti R. Susanto
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 32 No. 3 (2019): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Indonesia categorised as a middle economy country according to the global economic standard. The government launched the World Maritime Fulcrum as a grand strategy or doctrine that alters the development paradigm from land-based to maritime-based. This paper will discuss the policies on which the Joko Widodo (Jokowi) Sea Toll Road as connectivity with the T3P (frontier, outermost, and remote) area can support the price disparity as a form of social justice. It was reviewed using connectivity, the political economy, and economic growth theory. The author used a qualitative method to analyse the problem in addition to paper-based research. In the beginning, the background of the Sea Toll policy will be discussed, alongside the presentation of the research questions and thesis responses. At the same time, the study will include how previous studies have looked at this issue. Only then will it move on to the next chapter, which discusses conceptual connectivity, political economy and economic growth. Furthermore, the policy development from the Archipelago Belt and Nusantara Pendulum through to the Sea Toll Road will be discussed. Massive budgetary costs and empty returning freight costs will be discussed as well. After that, we will discuss the sea highway route and then the evaluation. From this arrangement, it was finally resulted and concluded that the Sea Toll has been on the right path to reach its goal, which removed price disparities involving many records being continually updated by the government and all stakeholders including those in the business world. The importance of our research is how to discuss the Sea Toll over the past four years and how to request assistance and efficiency within this concept realise social justice. Thus, it can be put out as a reference for reviewers in the field of maritime and logistics.

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