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INDONESIA
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal
Published by The Prodia Education and Research Institute
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Public Health
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 631 Documents
 31   32   33   34   35 
The Role of MMP-9 and VEGF in the Invasion State of Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma Novalia Chumaladewi Guntarno; Anny Setijo Rahaju; Nila Kurniasari
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 13, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v13i1.1348

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer is the tenth-most common cancer in worldwide and the majority are urothelial carcinomas. The depth of invasion plays important role in the prognostic and therapeutic factor in urothelial carcinomas. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) may associated with the progression of bladder carcinoma, such as depth of invasion. In this study, the correlation between these two markers in urothelial bladder carcinoma invasion will be analyzed.METHODS: An analytical observational research with cross-sectional were conducted on 54 formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from radical cystectomy (RC) which were diagnosed as bladder urothelial carcinoma at the Anatomical Pathology Laboratory of Dr. Soetomo Academic Hospital, Surabaya and divided based on the T stage were immunostained using VEGF and MMP-9 monoclonal antibodies. The difference of VEGF and MMP-9 expression in T stage of bladder urothelial carcinoma were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Anova test, the correlation between VEGF and MMP-9 expression in various T stage of bladder urothelial carcinoma were analyzed using Spearman test. RESULTS: This study showed no significant difference of VEGF expression among T stage of bladder urothelial carcinoma (p>0.05) but there was significant difference of MMP-9 expression in T stage of bladder urothelial carcinoma (p=0.043). There was a correlation between VEGF and MMP-9 in various T stage of bladder urothelial carcinoma (rs= 0.50, p=0.001).CONCLUSION: The significant correlation of VEGF and MMP-9 expression in bladder urothelial carcinoma may prove the synergistically role of both proteins in tumor invasion by MMP-9 degradation extracellular matrix.KEYWORDS: urothelial carcinoma, VEGF, MMP-9, T stage
Co-treatment of Brazilein Enhances Cytotoxicity of Doxorubicin on WiDr Colorectal Cancer Cells Through Cell Cycle Arrest Diah Tri Utami; Nadzifa Nugraheni; Riris Istighfari Jenie; Edy Meiyanto
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i4.1293

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The presence of adverse side effects limits the use of doxorubicin (Dox) despite its cost-effectiveness compared to other chemotherapeutic agents. Brazilein (Be), the major compound of Caesalpinia sappan, performs co-chemotherapeutic potency in several cancer cell lines. This study evaluates the chemosensitizing effects of Be to Dox on colon cancer cell line, WiDr.METHODS: The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of Be and its combination with Dox. The synergistic effect of Be and Dox was examined by using the Combination index (CI) parameter. Cell cycle and apoptosis profiles were done using flow cytometry with propidium iodide (PI)/RNase and Annexin V staining, respectively.RESULTS: The combination of Dox and Be at half of IC50 on WiDr cells showed a synergistic effect with a combination index of 0.4. Analysis of the cell cycle revealed that the combination caused cell cycle termination at the S and G2/M phase. This finding corresponded with the data that single treatment of Dox and Be induced cell cycle arrest at the different phases, namely S and G2/M phase, respectively. However, the combination treatment for 24 hours did not induce apoptosis. This combination should be further clarified as there was a possibility that many cells may underwent permanently arrest that halts to proceed apoptosis.CONCLUSION: Our findings suggested that Be synergizes with Dox to suppress the growth of WiDr cells via cell cycle arrest, hence, Be is potential to be developed as a co-chemotherapeutic agent. Our findings suggested that Be synergizes with Dox to suppress the growth of WiDr cells via cell cycle arrest, hence, Be is potential to be developed as a co-chemotherapeutic agent.KEYWORDS: Brazilein, colon cancer WiDr, co-treatment, Doxorubicin, cell cycle arrest
Positivity Rate of Pyrosequencing to Diagnose Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Directly from Sputum with Different Bacterial Load Selma Zein Syafira; Nabilla Ghina Zavitri; Su Yan; Yunia Sribudiani; Alexander Lezhava; Lidya Chaidir
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i4.1130

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Molecular techniques, which detect mutations associated with drug resistance tuberculosis (TB), are promising technologies for rapid diagnosis and monitoring of drug-resistant TB. Pyrosequencing is a potential rapid and robust molecular technique to detect drug resistance but its performance in clinical samples is less investigated. This study aimed to determine the positivity rate of pyrosequencing to diagnose drug-resistant TB directly from sputum samples with different grades of sputum smear microscopy results.METHODS: Thirty-five sputum specimens from drug-resistant TB suspects were submitted for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) microscopy. All specimens were cultured using microscopic observation drug susceptibility (MODS) culture. Pyrosequencing was performed to DNA extracted from sputum of culture-positive patients.RESULTS: MODS culture was positive in 19/35 subjects (54.29%) samples; 16 smear-positive and three smear-negative. Using pyrosequencing, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was identified in all culture-positive samples, including smear-negative samples. A complete resistance profile for 16 (82.35%) samples could be generated. Pyrosequencing failed to show results for eis or gyrA promoter in three samples. Nine of 19 patients were multidrug resistant-TB (MDR-TB), 1/19 was rifampicin-resistance TB (RR-TB), and 4/19 were pre-extensively drug-resistant TB (pre-XDR-TB). Two novel mutations in rpoB and rrs (associated with rifampicin and aminoglycoside, respectively) were found in this study.CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrates high positivity rates of pyrosequencing to detect drug-resistant TB directly from sputum samples with different grades of smear microscopy, as the surrogate of bacterial load. The assay can be used as a first prediction test of drug resistance prior to confirmation by phenotypic tests.KEYWORDS: drug-resistant tuberculosis, pyrosequencing, direct sputum
Immunohistochemical Expression of EGFR, NF-kB and Cyclin D1 in Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma Pudji Rahaju; Rio Auricknaga Kintono; Ahmad Dian Wahyudiono; Arif Satria; Ferry Sandra
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i3.1172

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Sinonasal inverted papilloma (SIP), a benign epithelial growth in the sinonasal region with epidermoid epithelial transformation, has been known for its invasiveness, recurrency, and its link with malignancy. Meanwhile sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SSCC) is an epithelial malignancy on squamous cells from the sinonasal region. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Nuclear Factor kB (NF-kB), and Cyclin D1 are factors those might play important role in proliferation of SIP and SSCC. This research was conducted to investigate the expressions of EGFR, NF-kB and Cyclin D1 in SIP and SSCC.METHODS: A cross-sectional study by examining the EGFR, NF-kB, and Cyclin D1 immunohistochemical expressions of SIP and SSCC was conducted. Subjects whose blocks were used in this research, were diagnosed as SIP and SSCC at the Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Clinic, Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital. Samples were selected, processed for inmmunohistochemistry, evaluated and statistical analyzed.RESULTS: Twenty-four SIP and 9 SSCC subjects with their paraffin blocks were selected. Clear immunohistochemical expressions of EGFR, NF-kB, and Cyclin D1 were observed for both SIP and SSCC. Significantly higher immunostaining levels of EGFR (45.6%, p=0.001) and NF-kB (42.2%, p=0.013) were observed in SSCC. Immunostaining levels of EGFR vs. NF-kB were moderately correlated (p=0.03, r=0.437), while the immunostaining levels of NF-kB vs. Cyclin D1 were strongly correlated (p=0.002, r=0.602).CONCLUSION: Expression of EGFR and NF-kB in SSCC were higher than the EGFR and NF-kB expression in SIP, suggesting that EGFR and NF-kB play important role in sinonasal malignancy.KEYWORDS: sinonasal, inverted papilloma, SCC, EGFR, NF-kB, Cyclin D1
Intratumoral and Peritumoral Apparent Diffusion Coefficient and MGMT mRNA Expression in Different Meningioma Histopathological Grade Rahmad Mulyadi; Mochamma Hatta; Andi Asadul Islam; Bachtiar Murtala; Jumraini Tammase; Muhammad Firdaus; Eka Susanto; Joedo Prihartono
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 13, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v13i1.1338

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Histopathological examination is the gold standard for diagnosing meningioma and determining the treatments. However, it is invasive in nature. This study was conducted to identify intratumoral and peritumoral apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value and mRNA O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) expression in meningioma.METHODS: Data were collected from 39 patients who were clinically diagnosed with meningioma. However, only 37 patients met the inclusion criteria. These subjects then underwent examinations and received treatment from October 2017 to September 2018. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data with diffusion-weighted imaging-apparent diffusion coefficient (DWI-ADC) sequence, histopathological diagnosis of meningioma, and results of MGMT mRNA expression were obtained.RESULTS: The most frequent type of low-grade and overall tumor was meningioma not otherwise specified (56.8%). For high-grade tumor, there were two atypical cases: atypical meningioma (2.7%) and rhabdoid meningioma (2.7%). Meningothelial meningioma had the highest mean value of minimum intratumoral ADC at 864.57±219 x10-3 mm2/s, whereas rhabdoid meningioma had the lowest at 417 x10-3 mm2/s. For minimum peritumoral ADC, rhabdoid meningioma had the highest mean value at 1,651 x10-3 mm2/s, while atypical meningioma has the lowest at 1,281 x10-3 mm2/s. For MGMT mRNA, meningothelial meningioma had the highest mean value at 10±1.2 fold change, whereas rhabdoid meningioma had the lowest mean at 6.18 fold change.CONCLUSION: WHO grade I meningiomas had higher minimum intratumoral ADC values and higher MGMT mRNA expression than the high-grade tumors. Minimum peritumoral ADC values differed across the histopathological grades.KEYWORDS: meningioma, RNA, messenger, MRI, methyltransferases, RT-PCR, ADC, MGMT mRNA
Vasoactive-inotropic Score for Early Detection and Mortality Prediction of Sepsis in Children Aileen Clarissa Dauhan; Aridamuriany Dwiputri Lubis; Munar Lubis
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 13, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v13i1.1323

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Early detection and treatment of sepsis can prevent septic shock and reduce mortality rate. Troponin can become a prognostic factor in sepsis. However, not all health facilities are equipped to assess troponin levels. Vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS) is a simpler and more accessible method to describe hemodynamic status. The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of VIS score as early prognosis and mortality predictor of sepsisMETHODS: A retrospective study was conducted to determine the correlation between VIS and troponin levels for sepsis cases in Pediatric Intensive Care Unity (PICU) Haji Adam Malik Hospital, Medan from January 2018 to December 2019. VIS score at 48 hours, maximum VIS score, pediatric logistic organ dysfunction-2 (PELOD-2) score, cardiac troponin levels at 48 hours were taken from medical records.RESULTS: There were 54 samples analyzed. VIS scores were positively correlated (p<0.001) to troponin T and troponin I levels at 48 hours (r=0.670 and r=0.606, respectively). VIS at 48 hours and maximum VIS were related to mortality (p=0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). VIS score at 48 hours could be used as a predictive factor for mortality (area under the curve (AUC): 79.7%, p<0.001) with a cut-off point at 11 (74.4% sensitivity and 80% specificity). High VIS at 48 hours indicated poor outcomes of sepsis in children with odd ratio (OR) value: 1.99 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25-3.19).CONCLUSION: Vasoactive-inotropic score was suitable as an alternative to cardiac troponin T and troponin I levels at 48 hours to early detect myocardial dysfunctions and mortality in children.KEYWORDS: troponin, vasoactive-inotropic score, sepsis, children, mortality
Basal-Like Subgroup is Associated with Younger Age, Increased Expression of Androgen Receptor, and Worse Prognosis, while Non-basal-like Subtype is Associated with Higher BMI in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients Ibnu Purwanto; Didik Setyo Heiyanto; Ahmad Ghozali; Irianiwati Widodo; Iwan Dwiprahasto; Teguh Aryandono; Sofia Mubarika Haryana
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i4.1289

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a heterogenous disease which differ in characteristic, treatment response and prognosis. We aim to perform in-depth analysis on the clinicopathologic feature and the prognostic value of basal-like and non-basal-like TNBC patients in an Indonesian tertiary hospital.METHODS: We retrospectively included patients diagnosed with TNBC between 2014-2017. Clinical variables were collected from medical record. Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6), p53 mutant and androgen receptor (AR) were examined by using immunohistochemistry (IHC).RESULTS: We included 67 subjects, 67.1% were basal-like and the remaining 32.9% were non-basal-like, with mean age of 51 years old, 59.7% subjects had BMI <25 and 40.3% subjects had BMI ≥25; 16.4%, 65.7%, and 17.9% subjects presented with early stage, locally advanced stage, and distant metastasis respectively; T<5 cm was found in 29.9% subjects, while 70.1% subjects had T≥5; 67.2% subjects presented with N-, while 32.8% subjects were N+. The most common histological type was infiltrating ductal (82% of subjects). P53 mutant and AR expressions were positive in 44.8% and 15% subjects, respectively. Basal-like subtype presented with younger age at and had higher expression of AR, while non-basal-like subtype is associated with BMI ≥25 (p<0.05). Basal-like subjects had shorter overall survival (23.9 months (95% CI: 21.9-25.9) vs. 26.1 months (95% CI: 23-29.2).CONCLUSION: Basal-like subtype is associated with worse prognosis, younger age at diagnosis and increased expression of AR, while non-basal-like subtype is associated with higher BMI in Indonesian TNBC.KEYWORDS: TNBC, subtype; basal-like, young age, Indonesia
Glutamine Supplementation Effects on Reducing Inflammation in The Ileum of Acute and Chronic Diarrhea Rats Induced by Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Deddy Satriya Putra; Fadil Oenzil; Eryati Darwin; Hafni Bachtiar; Tofrizal Tofrizal
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i3.1124

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Glutamine, a non-essential amino acid, is the main fuel in the gastrointestinal mucosa. It is thought to protect the intestinal mucosa against local or systemic injury from diarrhea. This study aimed to determine the relationship between glutamine supplementation and ileum histopathology in acute and chronic diarrhea rats induced by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC).METHODS: A randomized post-test only control group design was conducted. Thirty Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain were divided into 5 groups: one negative control group, two acute, and two chronic diarrhea groups. All four diarrhea groups were induced by EPEC at a dose of 108 CFU/mL. One acute and one chronic groups were supplemented with glutamine at a dose of 810 mg/200 g body weight for 14 days. While the other two diarrhea groups were not treated. The intestinal histopathology of each group was assessed and the level of inflammation was classified.RESULTS: Significant differences in inflammation levels were found among the groups (p<0.05). The highest inflammation level was observed in the acute diarrhea group without glutamine supplementation. Inflammation levels of both acute and chronic diarrhea with glutamine supplementation groups were significantly lower than the inflammation levels of acute and chronic diarrhea without glutamine supplementation groups.CONCLUSION: Supplementation of glutamine reduces the level of inflammation and leads to the histopathological improvement of the rat’s ileum.KEYWORDS: enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, glutamine, gastrointestinal tract, histopathology, ileum
Renal Function in Children with β-Thalassemia Major Treated with Iron Chelating Agent Olga Rasiyanti Siregar; Rosmayanti Syafriani Siregar; Bidasari Lubis
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i3.1053

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Thalassemia is a disorder of inherited blood and inticated by the abnormal hemoglobin. Transfusion and iron chelation are part of thalassemia management. Iron chelating agent reduces complications due to the excess iron as a result of repeated transfusions, hence, increasing the survival rate. However, prolonged intake of iron chelating agent may increase the risk of renal function impairment. To date, evaluation of renal function in children with β-thalassemia in Medan has never been reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate renal function and other factors in children with β-thalassemia.METHODS: Fourty-five children with β-thalassemia was recruited in this study. Renal function, represented by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)and serum ferritin levels were examined. The measurement of eGFR was using Schwartz method.RESULTS: Decreased eGFR observed in some the children (2 patients) with β-thalassemia major treated with iron chelating agent. None of the factors examined had association with serum creatinine level. Children's age and duration of iron chelating agent intake had positive correlation with their eGFR (r=0.506, p<0.001 and r=0.518, p<0.001, respectively). However, serum ferritin levels was not a predictor for renal function impairment.CONCLUSION: Most of children with β-thalassemia major treated with iron chelating agent have normal renal function, nevertheless, decreased renal function is observed in few children. Highlighted, renal function examinations should be performed routinely as iron chelating agent administration is a long-term therapy in children with β-thalassemia major.KEYWORDS: β-thalassemia major, renal function, serum ferritin levels, iron chelating agent
The Effect of Nutmeg Seed (M. fragrans) Extracts Induces Apoptosis in Melanoma Maligna Cell’s (B16-F10) Susianti Susianti; Ronny Lesmana; Supriatno Salam; Euis Julaeha; Yuni Susanti Pratiwi; Nova Sylviana; Hanna Goenawan; Ahmad Kurniawan; Unang Supratman
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 13, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v13i1.1424

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans H.), one of native plants of Maluku Indonesia, has long been used as traditional medicines especially to treat tumors, externally to treat skin infections. M. fragrans also has important biological activities as anticancer. However, antimelanoma activity of M. fragrans remains unknown. The aim of this study is to compare M. fragrans extracts as anticancer on melanoma B16-F10 cells by inducing apoptosis.METHODS: M. fragrans seed was extracted with ethanol then fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. B16-F10 melanoma cells were cultured and treated with various doses and tested using resazurin reduction assay. Apoptosis signalling via caspase-3 was measured by using western blot.RESULTS: The extract and fractions of M. fragrans reduced viability of cells with IC50 value for ethanol extract 21.83 µg/mL, ethyl acetate fraction 21.66 µg/mL, n-hexane fraction 47.53 µg/mL, and n-butanol fraction >1,000 µg/mL. The active fraction of ethyl acetate induced apoptosis via caspase-3 proteins similar with cisplatin as positive control in B16-F10 cells at 10 hours treatment.CONCLUSION: Taken together, M. fragrans ethyl acetate fraction has the highest IC50 than n-hexane and n-butanol fractions that significantly inhibited B16-F10 cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis via caspase-3. It provides the insight that it has the most potential activity as a chemopreventive agent for addressing melanoma skin cancer.KEYWORDS: M. fragrans, apoptosis, fraction, melanoma

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