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All Journal Folia Medica Indonesiana Majalah Obstetri dan Ginekologi The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Qanun Medika - Medical Journal Faculty of Medicine Muhammadiyah Surabaya The Southeast Asian Journal of Midwifery Jurnal Layanan Masyarakat (Journal of Public Service) Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat dalam Kesehatan INDONESIAN MIDWIFERY HEALTH AND SCIENCES JOURNAL Indonesian Journal of Cancer
Nila Kurniasari
Departemen Patologi Anatomi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Airlangga
Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Education Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Correlation Between IFNγ+ and CTLA-4+ Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes In Luminal And Non-Luminal Breast Carcinoma Irene Lingkan Parengkuan; Sjahjenny Mustokoweni; Nila Kurniasari
Qanun Medika - Jurnal Kedokteran FK UMSurabaya Vol 3, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1539.508 KB) | DOI: 10.30651/jqm.v3i2.2778

Abstract

ABSTRACT The role of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in breast carcinoma depends on the molecular subtype, especially the expression of the estrogen receptor. A greater mutation load in the non-luminal subtype leads to continuous activation of the immune system resulting in exhausted T lymphocytes. Observational research with a cross-sectional approach was conducted on 40 formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from breast carcinoma at the Anatomical Pathology Laboratory of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya during January 2017 -  December 2018. Samples were divided into two groups based on their status of ER expression. The parameter was a positive percentage of TIL immunoreactivity against IFNγ and CTLA-4 antibodies. Percentage of IFNγ+ TIL is higher in the luminal subtype (p =0.001), whereas the percentage of CTLA-4+ TIL is higher in the non-luminal (p =0.001). These expressions were significantly correlated with the molecular subtype of breast carcinoma (p=0.001). A significant correlation between IFNγ+ and CTLA-4+ TIL were found (rs=-0.350, p=0.027). Exhausted T lymphocytes express some inhibitor molecules such as CTLA-4. CTLA-4 (Cytotoxic T-Cell Lymphocyte Associated Protein-4) suppresses immune system function including the activity of IFN-γ as an important molecule in anti-tumor immunity and forms an immunosuppressive and pro-tumor microenvironment. Different level of expressions of IFNγ+ (p=0.001) and CTLA-4 + (p=0.001) TIL were proven to be related to the molecular subtype of breast carcinoma (rs=-0.683, p=0.001; rs=0,501, p=0.001, respectively). The negative correlation between IFNγ+ and CTLA-4+ TIL shows the role of CTLA-4 as an inhibitory molecule to the immune system (rs=-0.350, p=0.027).Keywords : tumour infiltrating lymphocytes, IFNγ, CTLA-4, breast carcinoma,  luminal molecular subtypeCorrespondence to: lingkan.parengkuan@gmail.com ABSTRAK Peran tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) pada karsinoma payudara berhubungan erat dengan subtipe molekuler, terutama ada atau tidaknya ekspresi reseptor estrogen. Beban mutasi yang besar pada subtipe non-luminal menyebabkan pengaktifan sistem imun terjadi terus menerus dengan hasil akhir terbentuknya subset limfosit T yang kelelahan. Penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan potong lintang ini menggunakan sampel 40 blok parafin dari penderita karsinoma payudara di Laboratorium Patologi Anatomi RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya periode 1 Januari 2017 – 31 Desember 2018 yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok berdasarkan ada atau tidaknya ekspresi reseptor estrogen. Parameter penilaian adalah jumlah persentase TIL area tumor invasif yang terpulas positif dengan antibodi IFNγ dan CTLA-4. Ekspresi IFNγ+ TIL didapatkan lebih tinggi pada subtipe luminal (p=0,001), sedangkan ekspresi CTLA-4+ TIL didapatkan lebih tinggi pada subtipe non-luminal (p=0,001). Analisis statistik menunjukkan adanya korelasi signifikan antara ekspresi IFNγ+ TIL dengan CTLA-4+ TIL (rs=-0,350, p=0,027). Salah satu sifat dari sel limfosit T kelelahan adalah mengekspresikan molekul inhibitor sistem imun antara lain CTLA-4 (Cytotoxic T-Cell Lymphocyte Associated Protein-4). CTLA-4 akan menekan fungsi sistem imun dan berdampak pada penurunan aktivitas IFN-γ yang merupakan salah satu molekul penting dalam imunitas anti-tumor sehingga terbentuklah lingkungan mikro yang imunosupresif dan pro-tumor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan ekspresi IFNγ+ TIL (p=0,001) dan CTLA-4+ TIL (p=0,001) pada kedua kelompok yang secara bermakna berhubungan dengan subtipe molekuler karsinoma payudara (secara berurutan mendapatkan nilai (rs=-0,683, p=0,001 dan rs=0,501, p=0,001). Korelasi negatif antara IFNγ+ TIL dengan CTLA-4+ TIL menunjukkan adanya peran CTLA-4 sebagai molekul inhibisi terhadap sistem imun (rs=-0,350, p=0,027).Kata kunci                  : tumour infiltrating lymphocytes, IFNγ, CTLA-4, karsinoma payudara, subtipe molekuler luminalKorespondensi            :lingkan.parengkuan@gmail.com
Skrining Kanker Serviks dengan Pemeriksaan Pap Smear di Puskesmas Tanah Kali Kedinding Surabaya dan Rumah Sakit Mawadah Mojokerto Gondo Mastutik; Rahmi Alia; Alphania Rahniayu; Nila Kurniasari; Anny Setijo Rahaju; Sjahjenny Mustokoweni
Majalah Obstetri dan Ginekologi Vol. 23 No. 2 (2015): Mei - Agustus 2015
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (182.563 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/mog.V23I22015.54-60

Abstract

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi lesi prekanker serviks dengan cara melakukan skrining kanker serviks menggunakan pemeriksaan Pap smear.Bahan dan Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional deskriptif dengan metode pendekatan cross sectional yang dilakukan pada 140 wanita, terdiri dari 90 orang dari Puskes-mas Tanah Kali Kedinding Surabaya, dan 50 orang dari Rumah Sakit Mawadah Mojokerto, dengan usia 20-70 tahun. Pemeriksaan spesimen sitologi serviks dengan pengecatan Papaniculaou dan klasifikasi hasil pemeriksaaan sitologi berdasar-kan klasifikasi Papaniculaou dan sistim Bethesda. Pemeriksaan inspeksi visual asam asetat (IVA) adalah metode lain untuk skrining kanker serviks dilakukan dengan mengoleskan asam asetat 5% pada area serviks dan melakukan pengamatan satu menit kemudian.Hasil: Hasil pemeriksaaan Pap smear menunjukkan Papaniculaou kelas I (sama dengan normal pada klasifikasi sistim Bethesda) yaitu 12.1%, kelas II (sama dengan NILM pada klasifikasi sistim Bethesda) yaitu 86, 4%, dan kelas III (sama dengan LSIL pada klasifikasi sistim Bethesda) yaitu 1,4%. Hasil pemeriksaan IVA menunjukkan 6,43% positif dan 93,57% negatif. Hasil pemeriksa-an IVA positif terdapat pada 9/140 orang yang merupakan proses keradangan dan infeksi, bukan merupakan lesi prekanker.Simpulan: Prevalensi lesi prekanker yaitu 1,4%. Pemeriksaan IVA menunjukkan hasil positif semu yang disebabkan oleh proses radang atau infeksi pada serviks. 
Cryotherapy Has No Significant Effect on MMP-9 and TGF-β1 Expression in Fungal Corneal Ulcer Dwita Permatasari; Hendrian Dwikoloso Soebagjo; Ismi Zuhria; Nila Kurniasari; Hari Basuki Notobroto; Cinintha Nandini
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 13, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v13i3.1516

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Usually, surgical intervention is needed to eradicate the fungal microorganism that cause fungal corneal ulcers. However, since surgical intervention is invasive, the latest technology uses cryotherapy in treating it. Cryotherapy plays a vital role in the wound healing process. We aimed to evaluate is to study the decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in fungal corneal ulcers after the administration of cryotherapy.METHODS: Aspergillus flavus fungus was injected to the intrastromal corneas of all Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were divided into four groups, the first group was not given any therapy, the second group was given topical natamycin therapy, the third group was given cryotherapy, and the fourth group was given a combination between cryotherapy and topical natamycin therapy. Therapy was given after five days of follow up on the formation of a corneal ulcer. After four days of therapy, the eyes were enucleated to determine MMP-9 and TGF-β1 expression.RESULTS: The result in the third group showed lower MMP-9 expression (20.0±10.0% cells per field of view) compared to the second group (40.0±20.0% cells per field of view) and the fourth group (30.0±25.0% cells per field of view), but had the same MMP-9 expression value as the first group. There was no significant difference in MMP-9 expression between the four groups (p=0.356). The third group reduced more TGF-β1 expression (10.0±12.50% cells per field of view) compared to the fourth group (30±27.5% cells per field of view) and the first group (30±32.5% cells per field of view). There was also no significant difference in TGF-β1 between the four groups (p=0.315).CONCLUSION: There is no significant difference in the expression of TGF-β1 and MMP-9 after the cryotherapy treatment.KEYWORDS: corneal ulcer, cryotherapy, MMP-9, TGF-β1
The Role of MMP-9 and VEGF in the Invasion State of Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma Novalia Chumaladewi Guntarno; Anny Setijo Rahaju; Nila Kurniasari
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 13, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v13i1.1348

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer is the tenth-most common cancer in worldwide and the majority are urothelial carcinomas. The depth of invasion plays important role in the prognostic and therapeutic factor in urothelial carcinomas. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) may associated with the progression of bladder carcinoma, such as depth of invasion. In this study, the correlation between these two markers in urothelial bladder carcinoma invasion will be analyzed.METHODS: An analytical observational research with cross-sectional were conducted on 54 formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from radical cystectomy (RC) which were diagnosed as bladder urothelial carcinoma at the Anatomical Pathology Laboratory of Dr. Soetomo Academic Hospital, Surabaya and divided based on the T stage were immunostained using VEGF and MMP-9 monoclonal antibodies. The difference of VEGF and MMP-9 expression in T stage of bladder urothelial carcinoma were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Anova test, the correlation between VEGF and MMP-9 expression in various T stage of bladder urothelial carcinoma were analyzed using Spearman test. RESULTS: This study showed no significant difference of VEGF expression among T stage of bladder urothelial carcinoma (p>0.05) but there was significant difference of MMP-9 expression in T stage of bladder urothelial carcinoma (p=0.043). There was a correlation between VEGF and MMP-9 in various T stage of bladder urothelial carcinoma (rs= 0.50, p=0.001).CONCLUSION: The significant correlation of VEGF and MMP-9 expression in bladder urothelial carcinoma may prove the synergistically role of both proteins in tumor invasion by MMP-9 degradation extracellular matrix.KEYWORDS: urothelial carcinoma, VEGF, MMP-9, T stage
Distribution of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) in Cervical Adenocarcinoma and Adenosquamous Carcinoma Gondo Mastutik; Alphania Rahniayu; Nila Kurniasari; Anny Setijo Rahaju; Budi Harjanto
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 57 No. 2 (2021): June
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (162.667 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/fmi.v57i2.26473

Abstract

Approximately 20-30% of all cervical cancer cases are adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma. Around 70% of all of these types of cancer are related to infection of Human Papillomavirus (HPV). This study evaluated the distribution of HPV genotype in cervical adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Anatomic Pathology, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, from January to December 2015. The sample were 22 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) of cervical adenocarcinoma tissues and adenosquamous carcinoma tissues. FFPE was used for DNA extraction and followed with HPV genotyping to detect 40 genotypes of HPV, including low risk (LR) and high risk (HR) HPV. The histopathological types of adenocarcinomas were adenocarcinoma NOS and mucinous adenocarcinoma, while the adenosquamous carcinoma types were adenosquamous carcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma glassy. All of the specimens were infected by HPV. In cervical adenocarcinoma, the infection was by HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 45, 68B, and 72, and in adenosquamous carcinoma by HPV 6, 16, 18, 45, and 59. HPV 18 was predominant, which was found in 13/22 (59.1%) in adenocarcinoma and 19/22 (86.4%) in adenosquamous carcinoma. Single infection and multiple infections in adenocarcinoma were 13/22 (59.1%) and 9/22 (40.9%), while in adenosquamous carcinoma were 21/22 (95.5%) and 1/22 (4.5%) respectively. The most common HR HPVs found in this study were HPV 18, HPV 45, HPV 16 and LR HPV are HPV 11, HPV 6.
RELATIONSHIP OF RISK FACTORS WITH HISTOPATHOLOGICAL TYPES IN CERVICAL CANCER PATIENTS IN DR SOETOMO HOSPITAL Anggray Puspasari; Pungky Mulawardhana; ,Nila Kurniasari
SEAJOM: The Southeast Asia Journal of Midwifery Vol 7 No 1 (2021): SEAJOM: The Southeast Asia Journal of Midwifery
Publisher : AIPKIND (Asosiasi Pendidikan Kebidanan Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36749/seajom.v7i1.108

Abstract

Cervical cancer is a process of changing into malignancy in the cervix. Based on studies and previous research, cervical cancer is the third female cancer in terms of incidence (527,600 new cases) and mortality (265,700 deaths) in the world. Cervical cancer has histotopathological types in the form of squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and other types. This study aimed to analyze the relationship of risk factors with histopathological types in cervical cancer patients in Dr. Soetomo Hospital. Method: This analytical descriptive study used a cross sectional research design. The number of samples were 300 patients collected by total sampling. Independent variables were risk factors including age, marital age, parity, smoking, oral contraceptives, and education while dependent variables were histopathological types including squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and other types. Instruments used documentation. Data analysis used chi square, fisher and contingency coefficient tests. Results: There was a relationship of cervical cancer risk factors of age to histopathological type (p= 0.000 and contingency coefficient = 0.170) and no relationship of risk factors to number of parity (p= 0.321 and contingency coefficient = 1000 0.064 ), marriage age (p = 0.720 and contingency cofience = 0.038), smoking (p = 0.711 and contingency cofience = 0.036), oral contraceptive (p = 0.655 and contingency comfience = 0.042), education (p = 0.744 and contingency co-efficiency = 0.089) to histopathological type. Conclusion: There is a relationship between risk factors and histopathological types in cervical cancer patients at Oncology Polyclinic at Dr Soetomo Hospital of Surabaya.
EARLY DETECTION OF BREAST AND CERVICAL CANCER OF THE RESIDENTS OF PROPPO PAMEKASAN DISTRICT Dyah Fauziah; Alphania Rahniayu; Nila Kurniasari; Anny Setijo Rahaju; Etty Hary Kusumastuti; Gondo Mastutik; I Ketut Sudiana
Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Dalam Kesehatan Vol. 3 No. 1 (2021): APRIL 2021
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jpmk.v3i1.21584

Abstract

Introduction: Breast cancer and cervical cancer are common cancers in females. Both of these cancers can be detected early. Early detect vion can reduce cancer morbidity and mortality. The community outreach activities are required to increase knowledge about breast cancer and cervical cancer, in addition to screening as preventive efforts for these two cancers.Methods: The activity of raising knowledge about the prevention and early detection of breast cancer and cervical cancer was carried out through community counseling to 94 females who were members of the PKK and young females in the Kecamatan Proppo, Kabupaten Pamekasan. Pre and post tests were given before and after the community counseling. After the community counseling, 86 participants were screened for breast cancer by clinical palpation and 46 participants were screened for cervical cancer using the pap smear method.Results: The result of the post test showed a 27.53% increase in knowledge. The results of the pap smear examination on participants showed 96% concluded as Papanicolau Class II, 2% Class I, and 2% Class IV. The patient with class IV results was referred to an obstetrician.Conclusion: Community counseling about breast self examination (BSE) and Pap smear can increase people's knowledge about early detection of breast cancer and cervical cancer.
DETERMINAN PERILAKU DETEKSI DINI KANKER SERVIKS METODE INSPEKSI VISUAL ASAM ASETAT (IVA) Arum Dewi Pusparini; Gatut Hardianto; Nila Kurniasari
Indonesian Midwifery and Health Sciences Journal Vol. 3 No. 1 (2019): Indonesian Midwifery and Health Sciences Journal, January 2019
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/imhsj.v3i1.2019.51-61

Abstract

AbstrakLatar Belakang: Kanker serviks atau kanker leher rahim merupakan kanker pembunuh nomor dua di dunia. Pemerintah telah berupaya untuk mengatasi kanker serviks dengan metode inspeksi visual asam asetat (IVA). Faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi seseorang untuk melakukan IVA antara lain pengetahuan, sikap, budaya dan dukungan petugas kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan faktor yang mempengaruhi wanita usia subur (WUS) yang pernah melakukan pemeriksaan IVA dan belum pernah tes IVA. Metode: mengguanakan analitik  observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 108 wanita usia subur dengan teknik purposive sampling yang memnuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Untuk mengetahui tingkat signifikan, data yang terkumpul akan diuji statistik Chi-Square dan Fisher Exact Test pada tingkat kemaknaan 0,05. Hasil: faktor yang memiliki perbedaan yang bermakna antara wanita usia subur yang pernah melakukan dan belum pernah melakukan pemeriksaan IVA antara lain pengetahuan (p= 0,002), Budaya (p= 0,021), dukungan petugas kesehatan (p= 0,010). Sedangkan sikap (p= 1,000) tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna. Kesimpulan: perbedaan faktor yang mempengaruhi WUS yang pernah dan belum pernah tes IVA di wilayah puskesmas Sidotopo adalah pengetahuan, budaya dan dukungan petugas kesehatan. AbstractBackground: Cervical cancer is the second leading deathly woman disease in the world. The Indonesian government has been trying through visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid (VIA). There are some factors influencing women to undergo VIA such as knowledge, behaviour, culture and the support of medical workers. Thus, this research was aimed at finding significance differences among reproductive women undergoing and not undergoing. Method: This research employed Observational Analytic using cross sectional approach. The sample of this research was 108 women of reproductive age. Purposive sampling was employed as a technique which met inclusion and eksclusion criteria. To be able to find out the significance, the data collected was tested in the statistical test chi square of 0.05 significance level. Result: Factors like knowledge (p= 0,002), culture (p= 0,021), and support of medical workers (p= 0,010) showed significance difference among reproductive women undergoing and not undergoing VIA while behaviour (p= 1,000) showed no significance difference. Conclusion:the differences among reproductive women undergoing and not undergoingVIA in region of puskesmas Sidotopo was knowledge, culture and the support of medical workers. 
FAKTOR AKSESIBILITAS PELAYANAN KESEHATAN TERHADAP PEMERIKSAAN IVA DI PUSKESMAS BENCULUK KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI Arisca Arisca; Pudji Lestari; Nila Kurniasari
Indonesian Midwifery and Health Sciences Journal Vol. 3 No. 4 (2019): Indonesian Midwifery and Health Sciences Journal, October 2019
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/imhsj.v3i4.2019.305-310

Abstract

Abstrak Latar Belakang: Kanker serviks merupakan salah satu penyakit kanker yang menyerang wanita dan menduduki urutan kedua setelah kanker payudara di Indonesia. Salah satu pencegahan yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan pemeriksaan deteksi dini kanker serviks metode IVA. Keinginan melakukan pemeriksaan IVA dipengaruhi beberapa faktor, diantaranya pengetahuan, kesadaran, keternagkauan jarak, keterjangkauan biaya, serta persepsi Ibu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor aksesibilitas pelayanan kesehatan dan persepsi ibu terhadap pemeriksan IVA di Puskesmas Benculuk Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik random sampling sejumlah 60 responden dengan instrument penelitian kuisioner. Variabel penelitian terdiri dari pengetahuan, kesadaran, keterjangkauan jarak, keterjangkauan biaya, dan persepsi Ibu. Hasil: Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa 93,3% belum pernah melakukan pemeriksaan IVA, 90% WUS memiliki pengetahuan baik, 70% memiliki keterjangkauan jarak yang jauh dengan tempat pelayanan kesehatan, 100% mampu dalam pembiayaan pemeriksaan IVA, sebagian besar WUS memiliki persepsi yang baik terkait kanker serviks dan pemeriksaan IVA. Kesimpulan: Faktor aksesibilitas pelayanan kesehatan dan persepsi Ibu terhadap pemeriksaan IVA termasuk dalam golongan baik, namun dari 60 responden hanya 4 responden yang sudah pernah melakukan pemeriksaan IVA. Beberapa alasan mengapa WUS belum melakukan pemeriksaan  diantaranya karena rasa malu dan takut kepada petugas kesehatan, rasa takut apabila terdeteksi adanya penyakit kanker serviks, serta merasa belum membutuhkan pemeriksaan IVA karena belum merasakan adanya gejala yang mengarah pada penyakit kanker serviks.Abstract Background: Cervical is a cancer that involves women. Cervical cancer rank’s is the second after breast cancer in Indonesia. Prevention that can be done is by conducting an examination of the early detection of cervical cancer VIA method. The desire to conduct VIA test is influenced by several factors, including knowledge, awareness, distance awareness, cost affordability, and mother's perception. This study aims to analyze the accessibility factors of health services and maternal perceptions of VIA test at the Puskesmas Benculuk Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Methods: This study was a descriptive observational study with a cross sectional design. Sampling used a random sampling technique of 60 respondents with questionnaire research instruments. The research variables consisted of knowledge, awareness, affordability, affordability, and women's perception. Results: The results showed that 93.3% had never done VIA examination, 90% of women of childbearing age had good knowledge, 70% had far-reaching affordability with health care facilities, 100% were able to finance IVA examinations, most women of childbearing age had a good perception of cancer cervix and VIA test. Conclusion: Accessibility factors for health services and maternal perceptions of IVA examination are included in the good category, but from 60 respondents only 4 respondents have already conducted IVA examinations. Some of the reasons why women of childbearing age has not conducted an examination include the feeling of shame and fear of health workers, fear of cervical cancer being detected, and feeling that they have not needed an IVA examination because they have not felt any symptoms that lead to cervical cancer.
RISK FACTORS FOR ESTROGEN EXPOSURE IN VARIOUS GRADES OF ENDOMETRIOID CARINOMA Ma’rifatu Ulfa Hidayati; Pungky Mulawardhana; Nila Kurniasari
Indonesian Midwifery and Health Sciences Journal Vol. 4 No. 1 (2020): Indonesian Midwifery and Health Sciences Journal, January 2020
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/imhsj.v4i1.2020.40-50

Abstract

AbstractBackground: Incidence endometrial cancer in Southeast Asia it is estimated that 41% of new cases emerge. The incidence of endometrial cancer in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital has increased every year. In 2016 there were 119 new cases of endometrial cancer and in 2017 there were 160 cases. 75%-80% is type I endometrial cancer (endometrioid carcinoma). Risk factors for estrogen exposure (early menarche, parity, obesity) are risk factors for endometrial cancer. The prognosis of endometrial cancer depends on the grade. This study aims to determine differences in risk factors for estrogen exposure in various grades of  type I endometrial cancer (endometrioid carcinoma) in the Poli Onkologi Satu Atap Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya. Methods: the research method was analytic observational with cross-sectional design. Sample size of 40 medical records was taken by total sampling technique. Research variables include age of menarche, parity, BMI, and grade of endometrial cancer. The instrument used was a data collection sheet and medical records. Data analysis using chi-square test. Results: The results showed 52%  patients were grade 1-2, there were 95% of menarche patients in the age range of 12-14 years,  62.5% patients had parity of 1-2 and 52% patients, BMI was underweight-normal category. Test results based on early menarche did not show significant differences between grades 1-2 and grade 3 in endometrioid carcinoma (p = 0.168). Likewise, parity in various grades of endometrial cancer type I (endometrioid carcinoma) there was no significant difference (p = 0.220) and BMI also no significant difference (p = 0.987). Conclusions: risk factors for estrogen exposure which include menarche, parity, obesity do not make a significant differences to the grades of endometrioid carcinoma.
Co-Authors Aisyah Shabrina Alphania Rahniayu Anggray Puspasari Anny Setijo Rahaju, Anny Setijo Arisca Arisca Arum Dewi Pusparini Askandar Tjokroprawiro Budi Harjanto Budi Utomo Budiono Budiono CHRISTIAN BAMBANG SULISTIO Cinintha Nandini Dewi Sartika A. W. Dwita Permatasari DYAH FAUZIAH, DYAH Eva Silvia Yahya Fira Soraya Gatut Hardianto, Gatut Gondo Mastutik Hanik Badriyah Hidayati,* Mohammad Hasan Machfoed,* Kuntoro,** Soetojo,*** Budi Santoso,**** Suroto,***** Budi Utomo****** Hari Basuki Notobroto Irene Lingkan Parengkuan Khafidhotul Ilmiah Khafidhotul Ilmiah KUSUMASTUTI, ETTY HARY Ma’rifatu Ulfa Hidayati Muhammad Hafiz Natasya Dyah Ayu Purnamasari Novalia Chumaladewi Guntarno Nurul Istiqomah PRIMA ROOSANDRIS Pudji Lestari PUNGKY MULAWARDHANA, PUNGKY Rahmi Alia Ridholia Ridholia S.Pd. M Kes I Ketut Sudiana . Sjahjenny Mustokoweni, Sjahjenny Soebagjo, Hendrian Dwikoloso Wira Santoso Ongko Zuhria, Ismi