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Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology
Published by Universitas Negeri Malang
ISSN : 25800817     EISSN : 25802402     DOI : 10.17977
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) is a peer reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles and review articles in all areas of Mechanical Engineering and Basic Sciences
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik Mesin
Articles 17 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 8, No 1 (2024)" : 17 Documents clear
Effect of Addition Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle on Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fiber Mediated TEMPO Oxidation Oxidation Ramadhan, Rahmad Ikrom; Suryanto, Heru; Fikri, Ahmad Atif; Aminnudin, Aminnudin; Maulana, Jibril; Fadillah, Faqih; Mito, Mohamed T; Masera, Kemal
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) Vol 8, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um0168i12024p082

Abstract

Indonesia is an agricultural country with the potential to grow many plants as natural fiber sources. In order to improve its properties, natural fiber needs to be treated by applying nanomaterial so that it can compete with the characteristics of synthetic fibers. The study aims to determine the influence of adding titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) characteristics. The PALF was collected from the Subang plantation (Indonesia). The chemical treatment was carried out with pre-treatment using an alkalization process for 3 hours, and the oxidation process was carried out with TEMPO. TiO2 nanoparticle grafting was carried out by adding a silane solution with a ratio of 1:10 with alcohol. The characteristics of PALF were observed using XRD, FTIR, SEM, and tensile tests. The results show that the crystallinity of the PALF increased after TEMPO treatment. PALF form Si-O-C bond identified at a wavelength of 1158 cm-1 after silane treatment. Ti – O – Si functional groups were identified in the 660 cm-1 – 670 cm-1 wavelength range. In the fiber surface, agglomerated TiO2 nanoparticles are formed and increase with increasing TiO2 nanoparticle concentration. The tensile stress of treated PALF is increased by 125%, with the highest tensile strength of 1279.18 MPa, obtained by TiO2 nanoparticle concentration of 1.0%.
Pyrolysis Kinetics of Spirulina platensis and Non-condensable Gas Product Distribution in a Fixed-Bed Reactor Aminullah, Ahmad Yusril; Sukarni, Sukarni; Wulandari, Retno; Shahbaz, Muhammad
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) Vol 8, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um016v8i12024p151

Abstract

Energy is a fundamental factor for civilization development and sustainability. However, energy sources are dominated by non-renewable fractions, such as fossil fuels. Renewable biomass is projected to be a future fuel source. Spirulina platensis (SP) has numerous advantages compared to other biomass, and it is considered 3rd generation biomass that does not interfere with food and land usage and has a relatively low main decomposition temperature at 325.7℃. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted to observe SP kinetics parameters, especially activation energy. Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW), and Starink iso-conversional methods reveal that SP has an activation energy of 152.33, 154.56, and 152.78 kJ/mol, respectively. The coefficient correlation (R2) of OFW is the highest compared to its counterpart at 0.9918. Non-condensable gas (H2, CH4, and CO2) product distribution is characterized using a fixed-bed pyrolysis reactor. The average concentrations of H2, CH4, and CO2 are 3775.2, 83792.19, and 23592.58 ppm, in that order. H2 production is linked with carbohydrates and protein decomposition. CH4 yield heavily depends on protein degradation, followed by carbohydrates and lipids. CO2 yield mainly originated from carbohydrate cracking. The optimum SP pyrolysis temperature is 310—370℃ based on its non-condensable gas yield, TGA result, OFW kinetics method, and thermodynamics parameter, where it has relatively low activation energy (139.29 kJ/mol) accompanied by a significant increase of non-condensable-gas-production.
Static and Modal Analysis of a Box Structured Satellite Deployment Mechanism with Self-Actuated Torsion Joint Sheng, Dongping; Ma, Renzhe; Su, Chun
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) Vol 8, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um016v8i12024p027

Abstract

A brand-new satellite deployment mechanism with boxed structure and self-actuated torsion joints is proposed and an effective method to verify the feasibility of this mechanism is established in this paper. This mechanism has the characteristics of high base frequency, high ratio of deployed and folded space occupation ratio. In order to meet the design requirements, the related analysis and optimization need to be conducted, and several conclusions are obtained. Firstly, the modal analysis of deployment mechanism at folded and fully deployed state is analyzed, and the result showed that the proper wall thickness is the key parameter to satisfy the design requirement and an optimized value could be obtained; Secondly, the heat deformation analysis result showed that the material plays an more important roll on affecting the thermal deformation than structure parameter; Thirdly, Under the torsional moment of the joints, the stress distribution of the deployment mechanism under different folding angle is investigated, it could be clearly found that the maximum stress is always located on the bonded area of the rod and joint, and the maximum stress is increased with the opening angle generally. By combined analysis including thermal, static, and modal, the related characteristics are obtained which could be used for structure optimization and provide an effective solution for the design of box structured satellite unfolding mechanism with self-actuated torsional joints.
Study of a Remote Wind Resource Assessment System Integrated with Internet of Things Arbiyani, Filian; Filbert, Filbert; Theo, Anthony Nathanael
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) Vol 8, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um016v8i12024p215

Abstract

Wind energy is an emerging and popular source of clean energy due to its non-polluting nature and low cost. The efficient use of wind energy requires accurate and precise wind parameter measurements, which is where wind resource assessment (WRA) comes into play. The IoT and cloud-based systems have been applied to remote monitoring systems and provide crucial solutions for data acquisition, storage, and analytics in wind energy technology. This study aims to build a remote WRA system integrated with the Internet of Things. This study utilizes an Arduino Uno microcontroller, RK100-01 wind speed sensor, BMP280 temperature and pressure sensor, and SIM800L GPRS module to collect and transfer real-time data to the ThingSpeak cloud. The experiment was conducted at Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia - Campus 3 BSD with the remote WRA system installed inside Stevenson screens to protect it from environmental conditions. Wind speed data is measured at a height of 10 meters, while air pressure and temperature data are measured at a height of 1.5 meters. Data retrieval utilizes two methods, viz. direct measurement every 15 minutes, and cloud-based retrieval every 30-second intervals. The study demonstrates that a remote WRA system integrated with IoT can measure, display, and upload three crucial parameters for assessing wind energy potential, namely wind speed, air pressure, and air temperature. This remote WRA system also provides flexibility in real-time data collection since it is accessible anytime and anywhere, thereby reducing the need for site visits during deployment.
Analysis of Ballistic Capability in Making Bulletproof Multilayers Using Woven Ramie Fiber, Hardfacing Metal with Epoxy Matrix for Bulletproof Vests Permana, Rizal Wahyu; Hadi, Syamsul; Dana, Bima Cahya Maula
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) Vol 8, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um016i12024p092

Abstract

Bulletproof material in level III bulletproof vests must be created using hard and soft materials to prevent bullet penetration. Kevlar and SiC + PE are imported materials used as armor in bulletproof vests. The use of Kevlar and SiC is very dependent on foreign sources with high prices. An innovation was carried out by making bulletproof material using cheaper multilayer methods involving metal from hardfacing welding as a hard layer and ramie fiber as a soft layer with an epoxy matrix. To see the level of penetration and surface morphology structure in the specimens, 9 variations were made: 3 layers of hardfacing welding and 3 epoxy volume fractions (40%, 45%, 50%). Ballistic test using NIJ 0101.06 level III standards with AK-47 of 7.62 mm x 39 mm bullets and the morphology of bulletproof multilayer material after impact was observed using SEM. The results showed all specimens failed to withstand bullet penetration at a distance of 15 meters. Meanwhile, at 50 meters, the S2-C specimen with a 60% epoxy volume fraction was able to withstand bullet penetration with a BFS value of 25.85 mm. This value is < 44 mm; thus, it complies with the NIJ 0101.06 body armor standard. According to SEM, most of the failures occurred because the resulting adhesion force was weak. It was necessary to add reinforcing material so that the adhesion force between the metal, ramie fiber, and adhesive increases; the materials must also have very light density to prevent the effectiveness reduction of the multilayer.
Crashworthiness and Deformation Pattern Analysis of Single and Double Wall with Addition Infill Structure Bintara, Redyarsa Dharma; Choiron, Moch. Agus; Zakariya, Yahya; Shiddieqy, M. Hasbi Ash; Pratama, Fajar Adi
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) Vol 8, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um016vbi12024p168

Abstract

Ship collisions are a phenomenon that often occurs in maritime transportation. One part of the ship that often experiences damage is the ship's wall (hull). This research aims to analyze and compare deformation patterns, stress distribution, and energy absorption in three wall models, single wall, double wall, and double wall, with the addition of infill structures. The infill structure used Polylactic Acid (PLA) polymer material because it provided convenience in the manufacturing process, while the walls of the test model used Aluminum 6063 material. The test model was developed by carrying out the design process using CAD software. Furthermore, a simulation test was carried out using software based on the finite element method with an explicit dynamic analysis type. Each test model received an impact load at a speed of 10 m/s that was carried out by the impactor. The results showed that the largest total energy absorption occurred in the double wall model with a filler structure (3643.49 J). In addition, the outward deformation pattern occurs in the double wall without a filler structure, while the inward occurs in the model with the addition of a filler structure. There were three types of stress distribution for single wall, double wall, and double wall with the addition of infill structure, namely concentrated stress, inline uniform stress, and a combination of both concentrated and inline uniform stress, respectively.
A Review of Fault Detecting Devices for Belt Conveyor Idlers Alharbi, Fahad; Luo, Suhuai
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) Vol 8, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um016v8i12024p039

Abstract

The shift towards automated inspection methods represents considerable progress in conveyor system maintenance, enhancing safety and efficiency while posing challenges in data analysis and implementation costs. This study critically analyses sensor technologies and inspection methods for detecting faults in conveyor belt idlers, highlighting their essential role in preserving the operational integrity of industrial conveyor systems. By synthesizing various research findings, the study assesses the effectiveness of different sensor devices in identifying defects, including built-in sensors, fixed sensor options like acoustic, ultrasonic sensors, cameras, accelerometers, and Distributed Optical Fibre Sensors (DOFS), as well as mobile sensor systems. Our findings emphasize the accuracy of robot-based systems in identifying bearing defects, the comprehensive coverage provided by drones for medium-scale inspections, the constant monitoring offered by integrated idler sensors, and the ability of fixed sensors to detect mechanical faults despite environmental challenges. This research adds to the ongoing discussion on enhancing conveyor system dependability through technological advancements, providing insights into potential future developments that could further refine maintenance strategies in the sector.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Temperature Distribution in Solar Distillation Panel with Various Flat Plate Materials Trismawati, Trismawati; Nanlohy, Hendry Y.; Riupassa, Helen; Marianingsih, Susi
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) Vol 8, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um0168i12024p108

Abstract

As the world population continues to grow, the demand for clean water is increasing daily, making it a crucial resource to access. However, there are ways to harness abundant resources like solar energy and seawater to produce clean water. The present studies have conducted experimental investigations to convert seawater into freshwater using solar stills, where solar energy is utilized as the primary heat source for evaporation. The temperature distribution inside the solar stills was analyzed using a flat plate made of three different materials: copper, stainless steel, and aluminum. To examine the temperature distribution and performance of the solar stills, researchers employed computational fluid dynamics simulations (Ansys R15.0). The results showed variations in temperature distribution among the three plate materials. Copper flat plates achieved the highest temperature, approximately 44.5 Celsius, followed by aluminum at 43.91 Celsius, while stainless steel exhibited the lowest temperature at around 42.01 Celsius. The average heat flux across the three materials was approximately 581 W/m2. Additionally, observations indicated that the amount of convection occurring in copper flat plates was 121.108 Watts; in aluminum, it was 118.517 Watts; and in stainless steel, it was 105.05 Watts. The radiation energy for stainless steel flat plates was 29.93 W; for copper, 16.14 W; and for aluminum, 13.49 W.
Mechanical Properties of Corner Lap-45 Types Joined Using Friction Stir Welding Setiawan, Widia; Santoso, Nugroho; Winarto, Felixianus Eko Wismo; Krisnaputra, Radhian; Mandala, Wirawan Widya; Maulana, Jibril
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) Vol 8, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um016v8i12024p178

Abstract

Solid welding has always been concerned with probe design, pins, and joint strength. Many researchers have conducted studies on joints, such as butt joints, lap joints, and T joints, but the results show low strength. This study analyzes the mechanical properties of a new design of a 90o angle joint joined by friction stir welding. This study connected aluminum 6061 using the friction stir welding method using a rectifying jig and a probe with EMS 45 material. The corner joint designs used corner-lap 45 with feed rate as independent variables in 6, 8, 10, 15, and 30 mm/min and dependent variable probe rotation speed at 1000 rpm and shoulder pressure in 584 kg. The results show low feed rates create chips and fish fins on the advancing side, and microstructure test results at low feed rates (6-15 mm/min) indicate the presence of interface bonding. The hardness value of the stir zone also shows an insignificant increase. In the tensile test results, the tensile strength decreases from the base metal value, which then the tensile strength increases along with the increase in feed rate up to a feed rate of 15 mm/min and decreases again at a feed rate of 30 mm/min.
Simulation of the Performance of Kevlar Impregnated Shear Thickening Fluid Ballistic Test Results (STF) Ballistic Test Results Prasetya, Riduwan; Andoko, Andoko; Suprayitno, Suprayitno; Wulandari, Retno; Trihutomo, Prihanto; Mishima, Kenji; Janas, Dawid
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) Vol 8, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17977/um016v8i12024p054

Abstract

This study explores the enhancement of Kevlar fabric’s ballistic performance through impregnation with Shear Thickening Fluid (STF) for potential application in soft body armor. The experimental approach often fails to elucidate mechanical phenomena critical for the development of lightweight and high-strength body armor designs. To address this limitation, the finite element method, specifically using ANSYS/LS-DYNA R.13, was employed for a comprehensive analysis. The simulation aimed to evaluate the impact of STF on Kevlar fabric by assessing projectile velocity, force exerted by the projectile onto the fabric, displacement, stress distribution, and fabric failure mechanisms. Kevlar yarn was modeled as a shell element formed into fabric with a sine wave profile, investigating two types of STF: SiO2-PEG200 (S0) and SiO2-PEG200-B4C (S1), differing in maximum viscosities. The addition of STF resulted in increased coefficients of friction on Kevlar, with the highest values observed for the SiO2-PEG200-B4C impregnated fabric (  =0.87 and =0.82). The incorporation of the second STF type (S1) significantly reduced the projectile’s velocity from an initial 200 m/s to 153.2 m/s upon impact. Additionally, the force on the S1 fabric surged to 121,556 N, a threefold increase compared to neat Kevlar. STF's influence was further evidenced by enhanced fabric displacement and more uniform stress distribution upon ballistic impact. The fabric's thickening upon failure indicated STF's ability to enlarge the deformation area, facilitating uniform distribution of ballistic kinetic energy across the impact zone. Notably, the fabric impregnated with the second type of STF, featuring boron carbide (S1), demonstrated superior ballistic performance. This study concludes that STF-impregnated Kevlar fabric, particularly the SiO2-PEG200-B4C variant, not only surpasses the ballistic performance of neat Kevlar but also meets the criteria for NIJ Level IIIA standards, highlighting its potential as a highly effective material for advanced soft body armor designs.

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