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INDONESIA
Biomedical Journal of Indonesia
Published by Universitas Sriwijaya
ISSN : 24077097     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology
Biomedical Journal of Indonesia is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that focus on basic medical sciences, emphasizing on providing the molecular studies of biomedical problems and molecular mechanisms to integrate researches in all aspects of human health. BJI is dedicated to publishing original research and review articles covering all aspects of biomedical sciences.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Anatomi
Articles 417 Documents
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The Role of Diabetes Mellitus Panel on Kidney Function Decline in Elderly Population: Cross-Sectional Study Gunawan, Shirly; Kosasih, Robert; Firmansyah, Yohanes; Santoso, Alexander Halim; Wijaya, Bryan Anna; Bambang, Kresna; Pratomo, Farhan
Biomedical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): Vol 12, No 1, 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bji.v12i1.293

Abstract

Introduction. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health issue, particularly among the elderly, where metabolic disturbances accelerate renal decline. Diabetes mellitus contributes to kidney dysfunction through insulin resistance and altered glycemic control. This study investigates the relationship between diabetes-related parameters—fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and kidney function, as measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in an elderly population. Methods. A cross-sectional analytic study was conducted among 82 elderly residents of Bina Bhakti Nursing Home. Venous blood samples were collected to assess fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR. Kidney function was estimated using the CKD-EPI equation. Results. Age showed a significant negative correlation with eGFR (r = –0.266, p = 0.016), indicating age-related renal decline. HOMA-IR (r = 0.247, p = 0.025) and fasting insulin (r = 0.224, p = 0.043) demonstrated weak but significant positive correlations with eGFR. Conversely, fasting glucose (r = 0.055, p = 0.623) and HbA1c (r = 0.029, p = 0.795) had negligible, non-significant correlations with eGFR, suggesting limited predictive value for renal impairment. Insulin growth factor exhibited a weak, non-significant negative correlation (r = –0.104, p = 0.355). Conclusion. Age remains a key determinant of declining kidney function in the elderly. Insulin resistance markers showed mild but unexpected associations, warranting further longitudinal studies to confirm these findings and explore underlying mechanisms.
Association Between Mean Platelet Volume to Lymphocyte Ratio (MPVLR) and Diabetic Nephropathy Incidence in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Maisharah; Siregar, Jelita; Syafril, Santi
Biomedical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): Vol 12, No 1, 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bji.v12i1.295

Abstract

Introduction. Diabetic nephropathy is a microvascular complication of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM), with inflammation among its underlying pathogenesis. Inflammation causes fibrosis, increased vascular permeability, and podocytopathy, which lead to albuminuria. Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) measures thrombocyte size, which may mark increased metabolic and enzymatic activity of thrombocytes. An absolute decrease in lymphocytes occurs due to inflammation-induced decrease in apoptosis. MPVLR value can be used to assess low-grade inflammation in diabetic nephropathy in type 2 DM patients. This study aimed to determine the association between MPVLR values and diabetic nephropathy incidence in type 2 DM. Methods. This study was a cross-sectional study on type 2 DM patients at the Endocrinology outpatient clinic of Adam Malik Hospital aged ≥ 18 years. Sixty patients met the inclusion criteria. Complete blood count, creatinine, and albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) were performed to determine the incidence of diabetic nephropathy. Results. There was a significant difference in age between the diabetic nephropathy and non-nephropathy groups. There were significant differences in absolute lymphocyte count, Hb, HbA1c, and renal parameters such as estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) and creatinine between diabetic nephropathy and non-nephropathy groups. MPVLR showed a significant negative correlation with eGFR and Hb (r = -0.325, p = 0.011), showing that MPVLR increased in line with eGFR and Hb decrease. MPVLR was not significantly associated with diabetic nephropathy incidence based on semiquantitative ACR (p = 0.139). Conclusion. MPVLR was not associated with diabetic nephropathy in type 2 DM patients.
Monoclonal Antibody Therapies for HPV-Associated Cervical Cancer: A Literature Review Janah, Dariatul; Yasmon, Andi
Biomedical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): Vol 12, No 1, 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bji.v12i1.297

Abstract

Cervical cancer is a malignancy in gynecology attributable to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with high prevalence and mortality caused by persistent infections of hr-HPV 16 and 18. HPV with various virulence factors can evade the immune system and integrate its genetic material into the host cell DNA. HPV replication only occurs in differentiated cells in the upper layer of the mucosal epithelium or skin developing into cancer. Globally, approximately 70% of patients diagnosed with cervical cancer present at an advanced or late stage causing therapy to be ineffective. The use of HPV-specific monoclonal antibodies for therapy with cervical cancer, as an alternative or complement will give new insight into managing the patients. The development of monoclonal antibodies having potential as an alternative therapy began to be used as a therapy in the advanced, recurrent, persistent or metastatic cervical cancer. This review specifically discusses monoclonal antibodies that have been approved by FDA for therapy against cervical cancer. In clinical trials, adding bevacizumab to combination chemotherapy extended median overall survival by 3.7 months in patients with recurrent, persistent, or metastatic cervical cancer. Pembrolizumab significantly prolonged progression-free and overall survival compared to placebo when combine to chemotherapy (with or without bevacizumab) in similar patient populations. Likewise, tisotumab-vedotin demonstrated greater over chemotherapy as second-line or third-line therapy for recurrent cervical cancer. Therefore, this article review aims to describe the types and roles of monoclonal antibodies that have potential to be used as a single or combination therapy especially chemotherapy for patients with cervical cancer.
Comparison of the Castelli-II Index Between Normal Weight Obesity and Obese Medical Students Alimbran, Fadhilah Adawiyyah; de Lima, Filda Vionita Irene; Latuconsina, Vina Zakiah; Agustin, Rachmawati Dwi; Latief, Rahmi R.; Irwan
Biomedical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): Vol 12, No 1, 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bji.v12i1.309

Abstract

Introduction. Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality in Indonesia, with obesity recognized as a major risk factor. Excess body weight not only contributes to obesity but also alters lipid metabolism, thereby accelerating atherosclerosis. Interestingly, not all individuals with metabolic risk exhibit excess weight. This condition, termed normal weight obesity (NWO), describes individuals with a normal BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m2) but an elevated body fat percentage (men >25%, women >30%). One of the important predictors of cardiovascular risk is the Castelli-II Index, defined as the LDL/HDL ratio, which reflects the balance between atherogenic and protective lipoproteins. This study aimed to evaluate the Castelli-II Index as a predictor of cardiovascular disease in individuals with NWO and obesity among medical students at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pattimura. Methods. An analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach was employed. A total of 52 respondents were recruited, comprising 26 individuals with NWO and 26 with obesity. BMI and body fat composition were assessed using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA), while LDL and HDL levels were determined through direct enzymatic testing. Results. Bivariate analysis using the chi-square test demonstrated no statistically significant difference in the Castelli-II Index between the NWO and obesity groups (p = 0.235). Conclusion. In conclusion, despite differences in body composition, the Castelli-II Index did not significantly differ between students with NWO and those with obesity. Further studies with larger and more diverse samples are recommended to validate the role of the Castelli-II Index in predicting cardiovascular risk among young adults.
Comparative Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus and S. pyogenes to Musa paradisiaca Linn Leaf Extract and Fusidic Acid in Impetigo Patients Inda Astri Aryani; Winny Astria, Maretha; Novriani, Rina; Amelinda, Aulia Rosa
Biomedical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): Vol 12, No 1, 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bji.v12i1.298

Abstract

Introduction. An estimated 12% of the world’s population is at risk of experiencing impetigo. The prevalence of impetigo in developing countries ranges from 111 to 140 million cases. Impetigo often occurs in children aged 2-5 years. One way to overcome this condition involves using natural products or phytochemicals that are effective, safe, and economical. One of the Indonesian plants that can be used as an alternative medicine with antibacterial effects is the kepok banana leaves (Musa paradisiaca Linn). This study aimed to assess the susceptibility of S. aureus and S. pyogenes to the antimicrobial potential of the extract of M. paradisiaca leaf extract and fusidic acid using isolates from impetigo patients. Methods. This in vitro experimental study used a post-test-only control-group design. Bacterial isolates were obtained from impetigo patients and tested using the disk diffusion method following CLSI standards. Group comparisons were conducted using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Mann–Whitney U tests. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Bivariate analysis showed a significant difference in the susceptibility of S. aureus between fusidic acid and M. paradisiaca extract (p < 0.05), where fusidic acid demonstrated larger inhibition zones. Similarly, a significant difference was observed for S. pyogenes (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the 50% and 100% extract concentrations. Conclusion. M. paradisiaca leaf extract exhibits antibacterial activity against S. aureus and S. pyogenes, but is significantly less effective than standard fusidic acid treatment in vitro.
Young-Onset Breast Carcinoma Tends to Show a Higher Proportion of Triple-Negative Subtype: A Comparative Molecular and Pathological Analysis Dewi, Citra; Sari, Nova; Sandria
Biomedical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): Vol 12, No 1, 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bji.v12i1.330

Abstract

Introduction. Breast carcinoma in young women is often associated with more aggressive molecular profiles and suboptimal therapeutic responses. This study was designed to compare the molecular and histopathological characteristics of patients younger than 40 years with those aged 40 years and above. Methods. This study employed a retrospective descriptive-analytic design using clinical and pathological data from 36 patients diagnosed with invasive breast carcinoma. All cases were collected from the Department of Anatomical Pathology at Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital in Palembang, Indonesia, in 2023. Results. The molecular subtype profile was similarly distributed across the two age categories, with no statistically significant difference by age (p = 0.789). However, the younger cohort showed a relatively higher proportion of triple-negative cases. Luminal B remained the most prevalent molecular subtype in both groups. Likewise, ER, PR, and HER2 expression showed no significant differences according to age (p > 0.05). All patients exhibited high Ki-67 expression, and grade III was the predominant histological grade in both groups. Dominant TILs were observed in only a small fraction of cases, with no statistically significant age-related difference. Conclusion. Although younger patients showed a relative proportion of triple-negative cases and all tumors demonstrated high proliferative activity, no statistically significant differences in molecular subtype distribution or other clinicopathological parameters were identified between the two age groups. Luminal B remained the predominant molecular subtype in both groups. These findings suggest that age-related biological differences may exist, but larger studies are needed to clarify this association.
Relationship between C-Reactive Protein Levels and D-Dimer in Patients with Sepsis in the ICU of RSUD (Regional General Hospital) Prof. Dr. H. Aloei Saboe Yuniasari, Putri Nabila; Purwanto, Romdon; Yusuf, Zuhriana K; Rahma, Sitti; Hasanuddin, Abdi Dzul Ikram
Biomedical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): Vol 12, No 1, 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bji.v12i1.313

Abstract

Introduction. Sepsis remains a major global health problem with high incidence and mortality, including in Indonesia. One of the key factors contributing to sepsis-related mortality is the uncontrolled activation of inflammatory and coagulation pathways. C-reactive protein (CRP) serves as a marker of inflammation, while D-dimer reflects coagulation activation. Both biomarkers are commonly elevated in sepsis and are thought to be closely associated. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between CRP and D-dimer levels in sepsis patients treated in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of RSUD Prof. Dr. H. Aloei Saboe. Methods. This analytic observational study employed a cross-sectional design and was conducted in the ICU of RSUD Prof. Dr. H. Aloei Saboe from July to November 2025. A total of 48 sepsis patients were included using total sampling based on medical record data from January to December 2024. The relationship between CRP and D-dimer levels was analyzed using the Pearson correlation test. Results. All patients showed elevated CRP levels (100%), and most had increased D-dimer levels (97.9%). Bivariate analysis demonstrated a statistically significant positive correlation between CRP and D-dimer levels, with a correlation coefficient of +0.333, indicating a weak to moderate association. Conclusion. There is a significant positive correlation between CRP and D-dimer levels in sepsis patients in the ICU of RSUD Prof. Dr. H. Aloei Saboe. Higher CRP levels tend to be accompanied by increased D-dimer levels, reflecting the interplay between inflammation and coagulation activation in sepsis.
Promama Complementary Therapy: Impact on Hemoglobin, Weight, Anxiety, Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy (NVP) Hurin'in, Nur Maziyah; Damayanti, Tri Yunita Fitria; Cholila, Nur; Masfufah, Gita Aprilia Ayu; Nuriyawati, Tuadhatun
Biomedical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): Vol 12, No 2, 2026, In Press
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bji.v12i2.294

Abstract

Introduction. Nausea and vomiting are among the most common discomforts experienced by pregnant women in the first trimester, often leading to decreased nutritional intake, weight loss, and anemia, which may ultimately affect maternal and fetal health. Various complementary interventions, including acupressure, moxibustion, and ginger aromatherapy, have been developed as supportive therapies to reduce these symptoms. This aimed to analyze the effectiveness of PROMAMA is a combined intervention of acupressure, moxibustion, and ginger aromatherapy for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy in reducing nausea, vomiting, anxiety, and anemia, as well as improving weight gain. Methods. This quasi-experimental study employed a pre-test-post-test control group design with 120 first-trimester pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria. Participants were divided into three groups: control, Standard, and intensive intervention. Data were collected using the PUQE-24 (Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea), GAD-7 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), hemoglobin measurements, and maternal weight records. Statistical analyses included One-Way ANOVA, ANCOVA, and Independent Sample T-Test. Results. The findings revealed significant differences between the groups in reducing nausea and vomiting, anxiety, and hemoglobin levels at post-test 1 and post-test 2 (p < 0.05). Intensive interventions combining acupressure, moxibustion, and ginger aromatherapy showed greater effectiveness compared to Standard and control groups. However, no significant differences were observed in weight gain across the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion. Acupressure, moxibustion, and ginger aromatherapy are effective for managing nausea, vomiting, anxiety, and anemia in first-trimester pregnant women. These interventions can be recommended as non-pharmacological approaches to improve maternal well-being and pregnancy outcomes.
Effect of Penta Herbs Forte on Antioxidant Capacity and Cardiac Protein Carbonyl Levels in a Hypoxia-Induced Rat Model Widiarto, Sentanu; Gunawan, Shirly; Limanan, David; Ferdinal, Frans; Yulianti, Eny
Biomedical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): Vol 12, No 2, 2026, In Press
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bji.v12i2.304

Abstract

Introduction. Hypoxia, a state of inadequate oxygen supply in tissues, can induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress and damage to biomolecules such as proteins. This damage can be quantified by measuring protein carbonyl levels. Penta Herbs Forte (PHF), a polyherbal formulation composed of Andrographis paniculata, Blumea balsamifera, Phyllanthus urinaria, Zingiber officinale, and Curcuma xanthorrhiza, is rich in bioactive compounds with known antioxidant properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of PHF extract and its effects on cardiac protein carbonyl levels in hypoxia-induced rats. Methods. This experimental study included 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats, divided into eight groups: control and treatment groups under normoxia, 1-day hypoxia, 7-day hypoxia, and 14-day hypoxia, either with or without PHF extract administration. Antioxidant capacity was determined using the ABTS and DPPH assays, and cardiac protein carbonyl levels were measured using a spectrophotometer. Results. PHF extract showed an antioxidant activity yielding LC50 values of 22.135 μg/mL (ABTS) and 105.04 μg/mL (DPPH), indicating strong antioxidant potential. PHF-treated groups exhibited lower cardiac protein carbonyl levels than their respective controls across all hypoxic durations. Conclusion. Administration of PHF extract reduced cardiac protein carbonyl levels via its antioxidant activity, suggesting its potential as an exogenous antioxidant source to protect against hypoxia-induced oxidative damage.
Exploring Associations Lipid Profiles, Body Composition, Anthropometry, and Osteoarthritis Index Dinali, Diana; Dzakwan, Muhammad Fikri; Bustam, Steve Geraldo; Gunawan, Shirly; Santoso, Alexander Halim; Firmansyah, Yohanes
Biomedical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): Vol 12, No 2, 2026, In Press
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bji.v12i2.307

Abstract

Introduction. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disorder and is considered one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. It is commonly associated with aging and characterized by chronic pain, joint stiffness, and limitations in daily activities. This study aimed to evaluate the association between lipid profile and body composition with the severity of OA, as measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score. Methods. This cross-sectional study involved 67 community-dwelling older adults. Assessments included fasting lipid profiles (HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, Apo A, Apo B, and triglycerides), body fat distribution and muscle mass, anthropometric measurements (body mass index, waist circumference, and hip circumference), and handgrip strength. Associations between variables were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation test with a significance level of 5%. Results. Correlation analysis demonstrated associations between lipid profile levels and worsening OA symptoms. Higher Apo B levels were associated with increased trunk fat (r=0.47, p<0.001) and greater joint pain (r=0.35, p=0.004). Lower HDL levels were associated with increased visceral fat (r=−0.37, p=0.002) and greater joint stiffness (r=0.26, p=0.038). Greater upper extremity muscle mass was associated with less severe pain (r=−0.38, p<0.001), while higher body mass index and waist circumference were associated with higher WOMAC scores (r=0.32, p=0.009). Conclusion. These findings support the concept that OA is a systemic condition influenced by metabolic and biomechanical pathways. OA management should therefore include metabolic control, optimization of body composition, and routine monitoring of lipid profiles and anthropometric indices as part of non-pharmacological therapy and preventive strategies.

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