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INDONESIA
Biomedical Journal of Indonesia
Published by Universitas Sriwijaya
ISSN : 24077097     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology
Biomedical Journal of Indonesia is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that focus on basic medical sciences, emphasizing on providing the molecular studies of biomedical problems and molecular mechanisms to integrate researches in all aspects of human health. BJI is dedicated to publishing original research and review articles covering all aspects of biomedical sciences.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Anatomi
Articles 392 Documents
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Comparison of the Effects of LISS (Low-Intensity Steady State) and HIIT (High-Intensity Interval Training) on Cardiovascular Adaptation Fatoni, Fatoni
Biomedical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 2 (2025): Vol 11, No 2, 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bji.v11i2.260

Abstract

Introduction. Aerobic exercise plays an important role in improving cardiovascular fitness, but each training method has different effectiveness. This study aims to compare the effects of Low-Intensity Steady State (LISS) and High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on cardiovascular adaptation in students from the Department of Physical Education, Health, and Recreation, Universitas Negeri Makassar (UNM). Methods. This study used an experimental method with a pre-test and post-test control group design. A total of 54 students were divided into two groups. The first group underwent LISS training with an intensity of 50-60% of maximum heart rate (HRmax) for 40 minutes per session, while the second group underwent HIIT with an intensity interval of 85-95% HRmax for 20 minutes per session, each performed 4 times per week for 6 weeks. The cardiovascular parameters measured included VO₂ max, resting heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Results. The results showed that both training methods provided a significant increase in VO₂ max and a decrease in resting heart rate (p < 0.05). However, the HIIT group experienced a greater increase in VO₂ max compared to the LISS group (p < 0.05), while the LISS and HIIT pressure reduction variables were significantly able to reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure, indicating similar benefits in terms of blood pressure control. Conclusion. The conclusion of this study is that HIIT is more effective in increasing cardiovascular adaptation, more effective in heart performance or decreasing heart rate and both are effective in reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
A Refined Saccharomyces Cerevisiae-Induced Pyrexia Model In Rats For Specific Antipyretic Preclinical Screening Putra, Oktavian Arya; Wardhani, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma; Riska, Riska; Ramadhan, Nuzula Rijal Nur; Pamungkas, Fajrin Yudha; Al Baariq, Hisyam Nabil Najmuddin; Wahyuningtias , Dita Sheila Putri; Khairunnisa, Rahma; Ulhaq, Oktania Dhiya; Azis, Nurul Magfirah; Guselsa, Fricelia Aura; Siregar, Tika Hafzara; Khairullah, Aswin Rafif
Biomedical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 2 (2025): Vol 11, No 2, 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bji.v11i2.265

Abstract

Introduction. A fever-specific, reliable animal model is necessary to screen the antipyretic activity of pharmacological agents, especially to differentiate their action from broad anti-inflammatory activity. The present investigation was directed towards standardizing the yeast-induced pyrexia model in Sprague Dawley rats for screening the antipyretic activity of paracetamol. Methods. Male Sprague Dawley rats were placed into three groups (5 each): normal control, pyrexia-induced untreated, and paracetamol-treated. Pyrexia was induced by subcutaneous injection of 40% aqueous suspension of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (10 mL/kg b.w.). Paracetamol-treated rats were given a single oral dose of 150 mg/kg following pyrexia induction. Rectal temperature was measured at intervals of 30 minutes for 180 minutes. Results. Saccharomyces cerevisiae injection elicited a satisfactory febrile response in both pyrexia-induced groups. In the paracetamol-treated group, there was a considerable decrease in rectal temperature from 90 minutes, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05) when compared with the untreated group. The model was able to distinguish the antipyretic effect of paracetamol from natural thermoregulatory fall in controls. Conclusion. This S. cerevisiae pyrexia model in mice is a specific and reproducible platform for antipyretic drug evaluation. The ability to dissociate antipyretic mechanisms from accompanying inflammatory processes is what makes it an acceptable model for future pharmacological screens. The addition of fever-specific biomarkers, i.e., hypothalamic metabolites and PGE₂, is suggested to also offer mechanistic insight and translational value.
Comparative Study of Hemoglobin Levels: Adolescents in The Highlands and Lowlands of Blitar Regency, East Java Prodyanatasari, Arshy; Purnadianti, Mely; Putri, Mardiana Prasetyani
Biomedical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025): Vol 11, No 3, 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bji.v11i3.234

Abstract

Introduction. Indonesia's geographical area appears to be separated into two regions: highlands and lowlands. Highlands impact hemoglobin levels. Because of the decreased partial pressure of oxygen and the body's acclimatization response, being at a high altitude results in hypoxia. In order to adjust to low oxygen levels, hemoglobin levels rise. This study aimed to compare hemoglobin levels using the hemoglobin POCT test among teenagers residing in the lowlands of Blitar Regency, East Java. Methods. Purposive sampling is used in the research method, which employs a cross-sectional approach. The sample is chosen using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results. With an average hemoglobin level of 14.6833 g/dl, teenagers in the Highlands had normal hemoglobin levels for up to five of them (42%), and abnormal hemoglobin levels for seven of them (58%). The average hemoglobin level among teens in the lowlands was 12.2333 g/dl, with three (25%) and nine (75%) having normal levels. Using the Independent T-Test, the data analysis revealed a significant value of 0.038 <0.05. Conclusion. Hemoglobin levels of adolescents who live in the highlands of Semen Village RT. 03 RW. 04 had an average hemoglobin level of 14.6833 g/dl, and hemoglobin levels in adolescents who lived in the lowlands of Sutojayan Village, RT. 01 PC. 04 with an average hemoglobin level of 12.23 g/dL and a significance value of 0.038.
Potential Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Phytochemicals in Managing Noncommunicable Diseases Nawawi, Rizki Andini
Biomedical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025): Vol 11, No 3, 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bji.v11i3.250

Abstract

Noncommunicable diseases, such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes, remain a leading cause of death worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Recent research trends revealed possible involvement of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of these noncommunicable diseases. This article provides a review of recent research trends on the human gut microbiota’s involvement in hypertension and type 2 diabetes, and the potential of its modulation by natural products. Several mechanisms are proposed to explain how the gut microbiota contributes to the development of hypertension and type 2 diabetes, one of which is by changes in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production. Phytochemicals targeting modulation of the gut microbiota and SCFAs production may show potential in prevention and therapy of hypertension and diabetes. This may be achieved by affecting the composition of the gut microbiota itself and by modulating the microbiota’s metabolic pathways, such as by stimulating synthesis of SCFAs. However, future studies are still needed considering the complexity of factors affecting gut microbiota, as well as the need to develop reproducible methods in studying the gut microbiota and its metabolites in order to further elucidate the role of gut microbiota in health and disease, in order to achieve optimal benefits and better clinical outcomes.
Worldwide Bibliometric Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance Research Trends Amukti, Danang Prasetyaning; Pratami, Ria Indah; Kaffah, Silmi; Ningsih, Novita Fitria; Evelin; Nurdevi, Aldise Indah; Liani, Fega; Panduwinata, Revina; Nurshintya, Agnes; Andre, Muhamad; Nurfaizah, Eka
Biomedical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025): Vol 11, No 3, 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bji.v11i3.264

Abstract

Introduction. Antibiotic resistance (AR) is a critical issue in global health, characterized by the increasing number of resistant pathogens that threaten the effectiveness of infection therapy. Although there has been a significant increase in the number of scientific publications related to AR, there are not many studies that systematically map the dynamics and direction of global research. This study aims to evaluate the global trend of antibiotic resistance research in the period 2022–2025 through a bibliometric approach. Methods. This is a quantitative bibliometric study with a descriptive design. Data were taken from 1,845 indexed international scientific sources, covering 18,786 documents. The analysis was carried out using the Bibliometrix R-package , focusing on publication growth, scientific collaboration, dominant keywords, and identification of the most contributing authors, institutions, and countries. Results. The study showed that despite a -28.01% decline in the annual publication growth rate, research volume remained high, with 27.62% cross-border collaboration and 87,959 authors involved. China and the United States dominated both in terms of publications and citations, while frequent keywords reflected a laboratory approach and focus on major pathogens. The most influential articles were published in leading journals such as The Lancet, Gut, and Clinical Infectious Diseases. Conclusion. This study confirms that antibiotic resistance remains a major focus of the global scientific community, characterized by extensive, collaborative, and evidence-based research activities. These findings provide an important scientific basis for designing more effective, adaptive, and sustainable AR research and policy strategies at the global level.
Cellular Mechanisms of Spatial Memory Recovery via Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Experimental TBI: A Review Jaslindo, Lieka Nugrahi; Ibrahim, Nurhadi
Biomedical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025): Vol 11, No 3, 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bji.v11i3.267

Abstract

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) impairs spatial memory, affects individuals' quality of life, and increases disability and mortality rates. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT), which delivers nearly 100% oxygen in a pressurised environment, has a potential intervention to ameliorate these cognitive deficits. This narrative review presents evidence from animal studies demonstrating the efficacy of HBOT in enhancing spatial memory in rats with TBI. Specifically, we present evidence that HBOT increases levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and activates the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) pathway. These molecular changes foster neuroplasticity and reduce oxidative stress, thereby promoting the repair and growth of dendritic spines and decreasing Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels to prevent neuronal death. By elucidating these mechanisms, this review shows how HBOT contributes to spatial memory recovery in TBI, suggesting a promising therapeutic avenue that need further clinical exploration to refine treatment protocols and evaluate its applicability in human TBI recovery.
Effect of Curcumin Nanoemulsion on Brain Cell Development, Locomotor Function, and Mortality of Zebrafish Larvae Model of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Subandi, Subandi; Azahra, Mutiara Syifa; Ovinery, Amarsya; Akhmalia, Qorry' Afyu; Asih, Aliyah Tresna; Sulistomo, Hikmawan Wahyu; Nurdiana, Nurdiana; Wiyasa, I Wayan Arsana
Biomedical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025): Vol 11, No 3, 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bji.v11i3.270

Abstract

Introduction. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is glucose intolerance in pregnancy due to reduced ability of pancreatic beta cells to produce insulin, causing oxidative stress that triggers various complications such as brain apoptosis to locomotor disorders and decreased head size which has an impact on mortality rates. Pharmacological treatment of GDM has side effects that risk affecting fetal development. Therefore, curcumin as a herbal medicine can be an option for GDM treatment because it can increase insulin sensitivity by activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) receptor. Methods. Post Test Only Control Group Design was used in this experimental study which was tested on each research variable consisting of 25 zebrafish embryos divided into 5 treatment groups consisting of a negative control, a positive control exposed to 3% glucose, and a diabetic group given curcumin nanoemulsion with three different doses (0.3125 μg/ml, 0.625 μg/ml, 1.25 μg/ml). One Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey tests were used to analyze the data from this study. Results. P value from One Way ANOVA test p=0.024 for brain apoptosis, p=0.00 for locomotor ability, p=0.04 for head size, and p=0.006 for mortality rate. Turkey Post Hoc test showed significant differences in the control and 3% glucose + 0.625 µg/ml curcumin nanoemulsion groups (p<0.05). Conclusion. Curcumin nanoemulsion therapy has an effect on decreasing brain apoptosis, increasing locomotor, inhibiting the decrease in head size, and decreasing the mortality rate in zebrafish with gestational diabetes. The most effective dose of curcumin nanoemulsion is 0.625 µg/ml.
Innate and Adaptive Immune Components in Human Breast Milk and Their Role in Early-Life Immunity Salsabila, Hanum; Sukmawati, Dewi; Iswanti, Febriana Catur
Biomedical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025): Vol 11, No 3, 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bji.v11i3.272

Abstract

Human breast milk is a uniquely complex biological fluid renowned for delivering essential nutrients to newborns. Beyond its nutritional value, it also contains important immunological components that play a fundamental role in infant health and development. This review explores the immunological characteristics of breast milk, highlighting its diverse array of immune cells and bioactive molecules, including secretory IgA, cytokines, and chemokines. These components actively contribute to the maturation of the infant’s immune system, strengthen defenses against infections, and facilitate the development of a balanced gut microbiome. This discussion also explores how the immune components in breast milk function to benefit infants, examining their protective mechanisms and developmental impacts. Additionally, it addresses how storage conditions—such as freezing, refrigeration, or pasteurization—may alter the integrity and effectiveness of these vital immune factors. Furthermore, the influence of external environmental factors, including maternal diet, stress, and exposure to pollutants, is considered for their potential effects on the immunological quality of breast milk. For this literature review, relevant studies were systematically searched across multiple academic databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and Elsevier. The search was limited to publications from the past ten years. Emerging research underscores the adaptive nature of breast milk and its profound impact on early-life immunity, offering valuable insights for optimizing infant feeding practices and potential clinical applications.
Potency of Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) Leaf Extract as Antidiabetic for Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review Sutandar, Vivi Hendra; Saleh, M. Irsan; Lusiana, Evi; Parisa, Nita; Tamzil, Nia Savitri
Biomedical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025): Vol 11, No 3, 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bji.v11i3.273

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by reduced insulin sensitivity and inadequate insulin secretion, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. Standard treatment relies on synthetic drugs, which can cause adverse effects in some patients. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, a plant native to Indonesia and widely used in traditional medicine, is being explored as a natural alternative for diabetes management due to its potential antidiabetic properties. This review compiles recent findings on its therapeutic potential. A systematic literature search was conducted in August 2024 in PubMed, Wiley Online Library, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, and Google Scholar using the keywords “Rhodomyrtus tomentosa” and “antidiabetic.” Of 774 screened articles, five met the inclusion criteria (2014–2024). The studies employed in vitro, in vivo, and in silico approaches, focusing mainly on fruits and leaves. Results indicate that R. tomentosa may help control blood glucose by inhibiting α-glucosidase and α-amylase, enzymes critical in carbohydrate digestion. Bioactive compounds such as phloroglucinols and meroterpenes were frequently identified. However, most evidence comes from laboratory models, with limited animal research and no clinical trials. The risk of bias was moderate, often due to incomplete reporting. While findings suggest R. tomentosa is a promising natural candidate for diabetes treatment, its therapeutic value remains unconfirmed. More robust in vivo studies and human clinical trials are essential to clarify its mechanisms, safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy. This review serves as a basis for future research and highlights the need for rigorous studies to validate its clinical potential.
Factors Influencing Medication Adherence in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Japan Emira Ramadhany, Nuzla; Olivia, Viona; Putri, Nabila Azzahra; Yuwono, Brian Jordan; Oktharina, Eka Handayani; Nurwany, Raissa
Biomedical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025): Vol 11, No 3, 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32539/bji.v11i3.275

Abstract

Introduction. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease marked by persistent hyperglicemia. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasingly prevalent in Japan, affecting approximately 10% of adults with diabetes, according to the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in 2020. Maintaining medication adherence is critical for T2DM management and complications prevention. This review aimed to synthesize factors influencing medication adherence in T2DM patients in Japan. Methods. This systematic review followed PRISMA-P guidelines, using the keywords The keywords “risk factors", "medication adherence", "diabetes mellitus", and "Japan”. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, five cross-sectional studies were selected for analysis. Results. Medication adherence among Japanese T2DM patients ranged from 65% to 85%. Positive factors linked to higher adherence included higher family income, knowledge of drug effect, absence of complication, increased number of medications, frequent healthcare utilization, structured lifestyle perception, and physical functionality. In contrast, variables such as gender, education level, and type of medication showed no significant influence in multiple studies. The use of validated scales highlighted correlations between high adherence and improved HbA1c outcomes. Conclusion. Medication adherence is multifactorial, driven by clinical and socio-behavioral determinants. Knowledge and perception-based interventions, combined with lifestyle modification and simplified therapy regimens, may enhance adherence in Japanese T2DM patients.

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