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All Journal Jurnal Biologi Tropis
Ajmala, Indana Eva
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology

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Diagnosis and Management of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections (Pharyngitis and Laryngitis) Salsabila, Ericha Zabrina; Damayanti, Ida Ayu Andara; Wiguna, I Made Danuarta; Maulana, Muhammad Rafi; Ajmala, Indana Eva
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 3 (2025): Juli-September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i3.10013

Abstract

Acute respiratory tract infections (ARI), including pharyngitis and laryngitis, remain a highly prevalent disease in Indonesia and even globally. These respiratory infections are caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as Streptococcus beta hemolyticus group A. The purpose of this literature review was to identify acute respiratory tract infections (pharyngitis and laryngitis). Pharyngitis is more common in children and adolescents, while laryngitis is more common in infants and children. The review concluded that Streptococcus pyogenes is the main cause of bacterial pharyngitis, while laryngitis is an inflammation of the larynx that can be caused by a variety of factors, including bacterial or viral infections as well as non-infectious factors like irritation or trauma. In conclusion, a thorough understanding of acute pharyngitis and laryngitis, including causative factors, clinical manifestations, management, and prevention, is essential for both medical personnel and the general public in an effort to reduce the burden of these diseases and improve overall upper respiratory health.
Understanding Precocious Puberty: When Childhood Ends Too Soon Muliana, Atriska Citra; Putri, Imey Pinasty Harianto; Prasetya, Rangga Cahya; Indratama, I Nyoman Yudayana; Athalia, Ihza Namira; Shafitri, Shira Shalsabina; Mertasari, Baiq Merna; Josafat, Gantha Narendra; Ilmiah, Janiya Abdila; As Shiddiq, Muhammad Hilmy; Aulia, Rashieka Salma; Ajmala, Indana Eva
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10337

Abstract

Precocious puberty is an endocrine disorder characterized by the premature development of secondary sexual characteristics, defined as occurring before the age of 8 in girls and 9 in boys. This literature review aims to understand precocious puberty: when childhood ends too soon. The article was compiled using a literature review method. Data were obtained through a search of various scientific sources, including international and national journals, textbooks, and clinical guidelines from the Indonesian Pediatrician Association (IDAI). Central precocious puberty, most often idiopathic in girls but associated with underlying pathology in boys, is caused by premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, while the peripheral form is caused by excess sex steroid production independent of gonadotropin stimulation. Clinical manifestations include early breast development, testicular enlargement, rapid linear growth, acne, and the early appearance of pubic or axillary hair. Diagnosis relies on a combination of careful history taking, physical examination, hormonal testing, bone age assessment, and imaging studies such as pelvic ultrasound or cranial MRI when indicated. Management strategies vary based on etiology, with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists being the standard treatment for central precocious puberty, while surgical or medical therapy is used for peripheral causes. In conclusion, precocious puberty is a childhood health issue of increasing concern due to its increasing global incidence. This condition not only impacts accelerated bone maturation and potential short stature in adulthood, but also impacts the child's psychological well-being and causes emotional distress to the family.
The Association of Vitamin D Levels with Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte-Ratio in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients Nugraha, Kadek Nandita; Ajmala, Indana Eva; Dirja, Bayu Tirta; Andari, Marie Yuni
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 24 No. 1b (2024): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v24i1b.7945

Abstract

One of the conditions associated with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is low vitamin D levels. Vitamin D has a role in stimulating antimicrobial peptides in various immune cells to create optimal immune function. Immune function is closely related to pulmonary TB pathophysiology, especially hematology changes. This makes the monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) a novel, affordable, and easy-to-perform inflammatory marker in pulmonary TB disease. This study aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between vitamin D levels and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis at West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Hospital. This study was cross- sectional. The study subjects were all pulmonary TB patients in the period 2023-2024 in the inpatient installation who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using the Spearman rho correlation test. There were 43 samples in total, the majority of which were male (53.5%), in the productive age range of 18-64 years (74.4%), and body mass index in the underweight category (46.5%). The status category of vitamin D levels in patients was divided into deficiency (<20 ng/mL) (69.8%), insufficiency (21- 29 ng/mL) (20.9%), normal (30-100 ng/mL) (9.3%), and toxicity (>100 ng/mL) (0%). The monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) level from the patient's blood test results obtained a median of 0.66 with a minimum-maximum of 0.15-6.09. The results of statistical analysis obtained a p-value of >0.05. There is no significant relationship between vitamin D levels and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio in pulmonary tuberculosis patients at West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Hospital.
Lung Abscess: Literature Review of Risk Factors, Classification, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Prevention Nitzana, Lale Nubya; Hasanah, Mielosita; Mikailla, Romy Healthy; Anugrah, Yunan Prabu Jaya; Ilmiah, Janiya Abdila; Ajmala, Indana Eva
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10343

Abstract

A lung abscess is the formation of a thick-walled cavity filled with purulent material due to suppuration and necrosis of the lung parenchyma. Cases of lung abscess are relatively rare today and were most common in the pre-prebiotic era due to the lack of treatment for bacterial infections. This literature review aims to obtain information related to lung abscess its etiology, diagnostics, and treatment options. The article was compiled using a literature search through databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using the keyword "lung abscess." The findings indicate that lung abscess is a condition characterized by the formation of a pus-filled cavity resulting from suppuration and necrosis of lung tissue. This disease is commonly caused by anaerobic bacterial infection, although aerobic bacteria may also play a role. Despite its relatively low incidence today, lung abscess remains an important clinical problem as it can arise as a complication of pneumonia or tuberculosis. Diagnosis is established through medical history, physical examination, and supporting investigations such as radiology and sputum culture. Management includes long-term antibiotic therapy, drainage, and surgical intervention for refractory cases. Preventive efforts involve maintaining oral hygiene, reducing alcohol consumption, and avoiding aspiration risk factors. Therefore, comprehensive understanding of the definition, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of lung abscess is essential to support clinical practice in pulmonary medicine.
Co-Authors Andari, Marie Yuni Anugrah, Yunan Prabu Jaya As Shiddiq, Muhammad Hilmy Athalia, Ihza Namira Aulia, Rashieka Salma Damayanti, Ida Ayu Andara Dirja, Bayu Tirta Hasanah, Mielosita Ilmiah, Janiya Abdila Indratama, I Nyoman Yudayana Josafat, Gantha Narendra Maulana, Muhammad Rafi Mertasari, Baiq Merna Mikailla, Romy Healthy Muliana, Atriska Citra Nitzana, Lale Nubya Nugraha, Kadek Nandita Prasetya, Rangga Cahya Putri, Imey Pinasty Harianto Salsabila, Ericha Zabrina Shafitri, Shira Shalsabina Wiguna, I Made Danuarta