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Literature Review: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Refractive Disorders in Adolescents Putri, Imey Pinasty Harianto
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10178

Abstract

Refractive disorders, including myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia, often appear from childhood, especially adolescence, through to old age. These conditions significantly impact the quality of life, academic achievement, and psychosocial well-being of sufferers. This literature review outlines article analysis to determine how to prevent, detect, and treat refractive disorders in adolescents. The review method used systematic literature. The findings of the literature study indicate that refractive disorders are a major cause of visual impairment, especially in adolescents who are still growing. Refractive disorders can impact students' quality of life and academic achievement. Diagnosis is made by examining visual acuity using a Snellen chart or LogMAR, followed by a corrective lens test. Treatment of refractive disorders can include the use of glasses, contact lenses, and refractive surgery procedures such as LASIK. The increasing global prevalence of refractive disorders emphasizes the importance of prevention, early detection, and appropriate management to reduce blindness and improve quality of life. In conclusion, prevention, early detection, and treatment of refractive disorders in adolescents can be used to avoid or reduce these diseases.
Understanding Precocious Puberty: When Childhood Ends Too Soon Muliana, Atriska Citra; Putri, Imey Pinasty Harianto; Prasetya, Rangga Cahya; Indratama, I Nyoman Yudayana; Athalia, Ihza Namira; Shafitri, Shira Shalsabina; Mertasari, Baiq Merna; Josafat, Gantha Narendra; Ilmiah, Janiya Abdila; As Shiddiq, Muhammad Hilmy; Aulia, Rashieka Salma; Ajmala, Indana Eva
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10337

Abstract

Precocious puberty is an endocrine disorder characterized by the premature development of secondary sexual characteristics, defined as occurring before the age of 8 in girls and 9 in boys. This literature review aims to understand precocious puberty: when childhood ends too soon. The article was compiled using a literature review method. Data were obtained through a search of various scientific sources, including international and national journals, textbooks, and clinical guidelines from the Indonesian Pediatrician Association (IDAI). Central precocious puberty, most often idiopathic in girls but associated with underlying pathology in boys, is caused by premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, while the peripheral form is caused by excess sex steroid production independent of gonadotropin stimulation. Clinical manifestations include early breast development, testicular enlargement, rapid linear growth, acne, and the early appearance of pubic or axillary hair. Diagnosis relies on a combination of careful history taking, physical examination, hormonal testing, bone age assessment, and imaging studies such as pelvic ultrasound or cranial MRI when indicated. Management strategies vary based on etiology, with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists being the standard treatment for central precocious puberty, while surgical or medical therapy is used for peripheral causes. In conclusion, precocious puberty is a childhood health issue of increasing concern due to its increasing global incidence. This condition not only impacts accelerated bone maturation and potential short stature in adulthood, but also impacts the child's psychological well-being and causes emotional distress to the family.
Case Study of Bilateral Ureteral Stones Complicated by Acute Kidney Injury in a 52-Year-Old Female Patient Ilmiah, Janiya Abdila; Putri, Imey Pinasty Harianto; Muliana, Atriska Citra; Athalia, Ihza Namira; Shafitri, Shira Shalsabina; Sari, Baiq Merna Merta; Aulia, Rashieka Salma; Prasetya, Rangga Cahya; Indratama, I Nyoman Yudayana; Shiddiq, Muhammad Hilmy As; Josafat, Gantha Narendra
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10344

Abstract

Bilateral ureteral stones are a rare clinical manifestation of renal colic, obstructing urine flow, and can cause severe acute kidney injury (AKI) within hours. This case study aims to provide information regarding the diagnosis and management of bilateral ureteral stones causing acute kidney injury in a 52-year-old female patient. This case study uses a descriptive method to describe the current situation, for further analysis and interpretation. Based on anamnesis and physical examination, the patient was diagnosed with Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) stage 3 with a differential diagnosis of Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease (ACKD) stage 4. This condition is caused by urinary tract obstruction due to bilateral ureterolithiasis (stones in both ureters) and proximal right ureteral stenosis, which inhibits urine flow and worsens kidney function acutely and chronically. Complaints of right and left abdominal pain, as well as a history of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and hypertension, support the formation of stones in the urinary tract. The conclusion is that the patient Wirni/P/52 years old/AKI stage 3 dd ACKD stage 4 dt obstructive uropathy + ureterolithiasis infection + normocytic normochromic anemia dt chronic disease + bilateral ureteral stones + right proximal ureteral stenosis.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State: Diagnosis and Management in Emergency Condition – A Literature Review Wongso Prawiro, Aurellia; Rofilah, Alita Khainur; Putri, Imey Pinasty Harianto; Praditna, Lalu M. Ardi; Hasanah, Mielosita; Husodo, Dewi Puspitorini
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4a (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4a.11083

Abstract

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) commonly occurs in type 1 diabetes due to absolute insulin deficiency, whereas HHS typically develops in type 2 diabetes with relative insulin deficiency. These distinct mechanisms result in different clinical and laboratory profiles. This review aims to compare the pathogenesis, clinical features, and current management of DKA and HHS. This study employed a narrative literature review design. Articles were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using the keywords “diabetic ketoacidosis,” “hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state,” “diabetes mellitus,” and “complications,” covering publications from 2015 to 2025. A descriptive analysis was performed to highlight epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and emergency management principles. The review indicates that DKA is more frequent and associated with lower mortality when promptly recognized and treated. In contrast, HHS is less common but carries a higher mortality rate, mainly due to severe dehydration, insidious onset, and delayed diagnosis. Management principles for both conditions are similar, including fluid resuscitation, insulin therapy, electrolyte correction, and treatment of precipitating factors. A comprehensive understanding of the differences between DKA and HHS is essential to support early diagnosis, guide appropriate treatment, and reduce mortality.
ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES OF CHOLEDOCHAL CYSTS Shiddiq, Muhammad Hilmy As; Putri, Imey Pinasty Harianto; Fadhila, Luthfiya Nur; Ansary, Muhammad Fathir Rahadian; Mussyafa, Aulia Putri; Indratama, I Nyoman Yudayana; Tunairin, Siti Raodatul Jannah; Rifki, Muhammad; Zuhan, Arif
Indonesian Journal of Health and Medical Education Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): Edisi Januari-Juni 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

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Abstract

Choledochal cysts are congenital anomalies characterized by abnormal dilatation of the bile ducts, either intrahepatic or extrahepatic. This condition can lead to serious complications, including cholangitis, pancreatitis, and malignancy. Choledochal cysts are more prevalent in Asian populations compared to Western populations and are more commonly observed in females. Timely diagnosis is crucial to prevent further complications. This study aims to conduct a literature review on the anatomical variations and available therapeutic methods for managing choledochal cysts, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of various treatment approaches. A systematic literature review methodology was employed, involving database identification, keyword selection, article screening, and the use of recent publications from reputable scientific databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. This review identifies five types of choledochal cysts based on the Todani classification, with Type I being the most common. The primary treatment for choledochal cysts involves complete cyst excision, usually followed by biliary reconstruction using Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. In more advanced cases, complex surgical procedures such as pancreaticoduodenectomy may be required. Biliary reconstruction following cyst excision, particularly through Roux-en-Y jejunostomy, has been proven effective and is considered the gold standard in choledochal cyst management. Surgical approaches should be tailored to the cyst type to achieve optimal clinical outcomes.
PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN PEDIATRIC GLIOMA Putri, Imey Pinasty Harianto; Indratama, I Nyoman Yudayana; Shiddiq, Muhammad Hilmy As; Josafat, Gantha Narendra; Priyanto, Bambang
Indonesian Journal of Health and Medical Education Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): Edisi Januari-Juni 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

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Abstract

Gliomas are the most common type of central nervous system neoplasms in children, exhibiting distinct clinical and biological characteristics compared to adult gliomas. Pediatric gliomas encompass various histological and molecular subtypes, ranging from low-grade gliomas (LGG) to high-grade gliomas (HGG) and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), each with differing clinical presentations, treatment responses, and prognoses. This literature review discusses the definition, etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, treatment modalities, and prognostic factors of pediatric gliomas. Advances in imaging and molecular technologies have enabled more precise diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted molecular therapies, tailored according to tumor grade and location. A comprehensive understanding of the biological and clinical aspects of pediatric gliomas is essential for improving patient prognosis and quality of life.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SKIN AGING: ROLE OF OXIDATIVE STRESS, INFLAMMATION, AND DERMAL REMODELING Sari, Baiq Merna Merta; Putri, Imey Pinasty Harianto; Muliana, Atriska Citra; Shafitri, Shira Shalsabina; Ilmiah, Janiya Abdila; Athalia, Ihza Namira; Aulia, Rashieka Salma; Josafat, Gantha Narendra; Shiddiq, Muhammad Hilmy As; Indratama, I Nyoman Yudayana; Prasetya, Rangga Cahya; Nurhidayati, Nurhidayati
Indonesian Journal of Health and Medical Education Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): Edisi Januari-Juni 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

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Abstract

The skin, as the largest organ of the human body, plays a vital role in protecting the internal systems from external environments. As age increases, the skin undergoes two types of aging: intrinsic, caused by genetic and hormonal factors, and extrinsic, due to environmental factors such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation and pollution. The aging process is characterized by a decrease in fibroblasts, which are responsible for producing collagen and elastin, leading to a reduction in skin strength and elasticity. Oxidative stress resulting from the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributes to DNA damage and triggers inflammatory responses that accelerate aging, manifesting as wrinkles and sagging skin. Chronic inflammation, induced by ROS, further supports premature aging by increasing inflammatory substances that cause redness and irritation of the skin. Additionally, dermal remodeling is a physiological process essential for maintaining healthy skin. Still, it can become pathological if there is an imbalance between synthesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix, thereby hastening signs of aging such as wrinkles and sagging skin. In efforts to combat skin aging, several pharmacological aspects, such as topical therapies using sunscreens, retinoids, and alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), have proven effective. Furthermore, systemic antioxidant supplementation also contributes to skin condition improvement. This comprehensive review provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of skin aging, the importance of skincare, and therapeutic strategies to counteract premature aging.
GUNSTOCK DEFORMITY OF THE ELBOW: CLINICAL FEATURES, BIOMECHANICS, AND CURRENT TREATMENT STRATEGIES: A LITERATURE REVIEW Athalia, Ihza Namira; Putri, Imey Pinasty Harianto; Muliana, Atriska Citra; Shafitri, Shira Shalsabina; Ilmiah, Janiya Abdila; Sari, Baiq Merna Merta; Aulia, Rashieka Salma; Josafat, Gantha Narendra; Shiddiq, Muhammad Hilmy As; Indratama, I Nyoman Yudayana; Prasetya, Rangga Cahya; Nurhidayati, Nurhidayati
Indonesian Journal of Health and Medical Education Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): Edisi Januari-Juni 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

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Abstract

Gunstock deformity, also known as cubitus varus, is a common complication that arises after supracondylar humerus fractures in children, primarily due to malunion of the bone. This condition results in an inward deviation of the forearm when the elbow is in full extension, creating a pronounced change in contour that can significantly impact biomechanical function and the quality of life of the patient. Common clinical symptoms include pain on the lateral side of the elbow, limited range of motion, and joint instability, particularly associated with ulnar neuropathy. Diagnosis is established through physical examination and radiological imaging to identify the angle of deviation and malalignment. Management of this deformity varies based on severity, ranging from observation in mild cases to surgical interventions like osteotomy in more severe cases. Common corrective techniques include lateral closing wedge osteotomy and dome osteotomy, aimed at restoring anatomical alignment and preventing long-term complications. Postoperative rehabilitation is crucial for regaining joint function and muscle strength. Long-term prognosis is generally good; however, it requires appropriate management to avoid complications like joint stiffness and ulnar neuropathy. A comprehensive approach encompassing diagnosis, deformity correction, and rehabilitation is essential for achieving optimal functional outcomes.