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A Systematic Literature Review of The Bronchiectasis Anugrah, Yunan Prabu Jaya; Hasanah, Mielosita; Mikailla, Romy Healthy; Nitzana, Lale Nubya; Ilmiah, Janiya Abdila
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.9994

Abstract

Bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory condition marked by irreversible dilation of the bronchi, leading to persistent cough and excessive sputum production. This study aims to describe the pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and management strategies of bronchiectasis, with emphasis on current approaches relevant to the Indonesian context. A narrative literature review was conducted using national and international sources. Key clinical and radiological findings, treatment modalities, and prognosis indicators were summarized, with reference to validated scoring systems such as FACED and Bronchiectasis Severity Index (BSI). Bronchiectasis is most prevalent among women and the elderly. Common etiologies include post-infectious lung disease, cystic fibrosis, and chronic inflammation. HRCT is the gold standard for diagnosis. Management focuses on airway clearance, antibiotic therapy, and reducing exacerbations. Prognosis varies depending on severity, but early and personalized treatment improves outcomes. Bronchiectasis remains under-recognized in Indonesia, despite its significant burden. Timely diagnosis using HRCT and targeted therapy can improve patient quality of life and reduce complications. Efforts should be made to increase clinical awareness, improve diagnostic access, and promote preventive measures such as immunization, smoking cessation, and early treatment of respiratory infections.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Literature Review Maulana, Muhammad Rafi; Nurmawaddah, Intan; Ilmiah, Janiya Abdila; Damayanti, Ida Ayu Andara; Wiguna, I Made Danuarta; Anggoro, Joko; Maulana, Akhada
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10078

Abstract

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is a slowly progressing hematological cancer characterized by the accumulation of abnormal B lymphocytes in the blood, bone marrow, and lymphatic tissue, commonly affecting the elderly. This review aims to comprehensively review the epidemiology, molecular basis of the disease, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and therapeutic advances of CLL, emphasizing the importance of shifting treatment approaches towards more precision therapy. A literature search was conducted through PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using the keywords "Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia", "epidemiology", "molecular basis of the disease", and "targeted therapy", with publication criteria between 2018–2025, full text, and topic relevance. Analysis was conducted using a narrative review and thematic synthesis approach to identify epidemiological trends, therapeutic effectiveness, and clinical implications. The results showed that the incidence of CLL is higher in Western countries compared to Asia, with a higher prevalence in elderly men. The main genetic factors that play a role include del(13q), del(17p), and TP53 mutations. Over the past decade, targeted therapies such as second-generation Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors (acalabrutinib, zanubrutinib) and the venetoclax-obinutuzumab combination have been shown to improve remission rates with fewer side effects compared to chemoimmunotherapy. Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) status has become an important marker for determining when therapy can be stopped early. In conclusion, this review underscores the crucial role of biomarkers and MRD in modern CLL management. Future developments include the integration of personalized therapy approaches and translational research to develop more effective and safe treatment strategies.
Understanding Precocious Puberty: When Childhood Ends Too Soon Muliana, Atriska Citra; Putri, Imey Pinasty Harianto; Prasetya, Rangga Cahya; Indratama, I Nyoman Yudayana; Athalia, Ihza Namira; Shafitri, Shira Shalsabina; Mertasari, Baiq Merna; Josafat, Gantha Narendra; Ilmiah, Janiya Abdila; As Shiddiq, Muhammad Hilmy; Aulia, Rashieka Salma; Ajmala, Indana Eva
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10337

Abstract

Precocious puberty is an endocrine disorder characterized by the premature development of secondary sexual characteristics, defined as occurring before the age of 8 in girls and 9 in boys. This literature review aims to understand precocious puberty: when childhood ends too soon. The article was compiled using a literature review method. Data were obtained through a search of various scientific sources, including international and national journals, textbooks, and clinical guidelines from the Indonesian Pediatrician Association (IDAI). Central precocious puberty, most often idiopathic in girls but associated with underlying pathology in boys, is caused by premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, while the peripheral form is caused by excess sex steroid production independent of gonadotropin stimulation. Clinical manifestations include early breast development, testicular enlargement, rapid linear growth, acne, and the early appearance of pubic or axillary hair. Diagnosis relies on a combination of careful history taking, physical examination, hormonal testing, bone age assessment, and imaging studies such as pelvic ultrasound or cranial MRI when indicated. Management strategies vary based on etiology, with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists being the standard treatment for central precocious puberty, while surgical or medical therapy is used for peripheral causes. In conclusion, precocious puberty is a childhood health issue of increasing concern due to its increasing global incidence. This condition not only impacts accelerated bone maturation and potential short stature in adulthood, but also impacts the child's psychological well-being and causes emotional distress to the family.
Case Study of Bilateral Ureteral Stones Complicated by Acute Kidney Injury in a 52-Year-Old Female Patient Ilmiah, Janiya Abdila; Putri, Imey Pinasty Harianto; Muliana, Atriska Citra; Athalia, Ihza Namira; Shafitri, Shira Shalsabina; Sari, Baiq Merna Merta; Aulia, Rashieka Salma; Prasetya, Rangga Cahya; Indratama, I Nyoman Yudayana; Shiddiq, Muhammad Hilmy As; Josafat, Gantha Narendra
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10344

Abstract

Bilateral ureteral stones are a rare clinical manifestation of renal colic, obstructing urine flow, and can cause severe acute kidney injury (AKI) within hours. This case study aims to provide information regarding the diagnosis and management of bilateral ureteral stones causing acute kidney injury in a 52-year-old female patient. This case study uses a descriptive method to describe the current situation, for further analysis and interpretation. Based on anamnesis and physical examination, the patient was diagnosed with Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) stage 3 with a differential diagnosis of Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease (ACKD) stage 4. This condition is caused by urinary tract obstruction due to bilateral ureterolithiasis (stones in both ureters) and proximal right ureteral stenosis, which inhibits urine flow and worsens kidney function acutely and chronically. Complaints of right and left abdominal pain, as well as a history of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and hypertension, support the formation of stones in the urinary tract. The conclusion is that the patient Wirni/P/52 years old/AKI stage 3 dd ACKD stage 4 dt obstructive uropathy + ureterolithiasis infection + normocytic normochromic anemia dt chronic disease + bilateral ureteral stones + right proximal ureteral stenosis.
Lung Abscess: Literature Review of Risk Factors, Classification, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Prevention Nitzana, Lale Nubya; Hasanah, Mielosita; Mikailla, Romy Healthy; Anugrah, Yunan Prabu Jaya; Ilmiah, Janiya Abdila; Ajmala, Indana Eva
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10343

Abstract

A lung abscess is the formation of a thick-walled cavity filled with purulent material due to suppuration and necrosis of the lung parenchyma. Cases of lung abscess are relatively rare today and were most common in the pre-prebiotic era due to the lack of treatment for bacterial infections. This literature review aims to obtain information related to lung abscess its etiology, diagnostics, and treatment options. The article was compiled using a literature search through databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using the keyword "lung abscess." The findings indicate that lung abscess is a condition characterized by the formation of a pus-filled cavity resulting from suppuration and necrosis of lung tissue. This disease is commonly caused by anaerobic bacterial infection, although aerobic bacteria may also play a role. Despite its relatively low incidence today, lung abscess remains an important clinical problem as it can arise as a complication of pneumonia or tuberculosis. Diagnosis is established through medical history, physical examination, and supporting investigations such as radiology and sputum culture. Management includes long-term antibiotic therapy, drainage, and surgical intervention for refractory cases. Preventive efforts involve maintaining oral hygiene, reducing alcohol consumption, and avoiding aspiration risk factors. Therefore, comprehensive understanding of the definition, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of lung abscess is essential to support clinical practice in pulmonary medicine.